Vol 55, No 5 (1974)

Nikolai Aleksandrovich Semashko belongs to the constellation of Russian revolutionaries, whose life for more than half a century was associated with the labor movement in Russia and the activities of the Communist Party.

Chronic pyelonephritis is still being studied mainly by urologists. In a large multidisciplinary hospital, patients with various forms of pyelonephritis are encountered quite often both in urological and therapeutic departments.

Furosemide (lasix) is one of the most effective modern diuretics. Clinical experience has shown that in chronic renal failure that occurs with a significant decrease in the mass of active nephrons, a daily dose of 40 to 160 mg is ineffective or only marginally effective.

We observed 223 children with various forms of diffuse glomerulonephritis (82% with hematuric, 14.4% with nephrotic and 3.6% with mixed forms). There were 9.7% of children under the age of 3 years, from 3 to 7 years old - 30% and older - 60.3%.

From 1971 to 1973, 165 children with pyelonephritis were under our supervision (14 under the age of 1 year, 38 - from 1 to 3 years, 58 - from 3 to 7 years, 37 - from 7 to 10 years and 18 - from 10 up to 14 years old). 90% of patients were girls, which makes us think about the ascending nature of the infection. The onset of the disease was atypical.

We set the task to develop standards for renal rheogram in healthy children and assess the suitability of the method for judging hemodynamic changes in the kidneys with glomerulonephritis. We have not come across information on this issue in the pediatric literature.

According to our data, neoplasms of the bladder account for 8% of all urological diseases. The overwhelming majority of patients are people over 50 years old; men get sick more often than women (5: 1).

The main direction of the development of epidemiological research in oncology should be considered the clarification of the characteristics of the spread of malignant neoplasms in various territories of the country, in various ethnic, professional and other groups of the population; isolation and study of high-risk groups, in particular patients with precancerous diseases; determination of the role of chemical, physical and biological factors in the occurrence of human tumors; study of possible pathogenetic links between malignant neoplasms and other diseases, mainly chronic (gastritis, bronchitis, tuberculosis, diabetes, etc.); study of the causes of changes (decrease or increase) in the levels of morbidity, mortality from certain forms of malignant tumors; assessment of the effectiveness of preventive measures, etc.

The object of this study was methyl and dimethyl derivatives of benzo (a) pyrene (BP), one of the most active and widespread carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the human environment. BP derivatives are of interest for oncological research, since the addition of a methyl group, as a rule, increases the carcinogenicity of PAHs.

There is no unanimity on the indications and permissibility of using primary skin grafting in the treatment of malignant neoplasms. In the domestic literature, only a few works are devoted to this problem. There are still no studies based on a sufficient number of observations, studied in the light of long-term outcomes. This is one of the reasons for the reserved attitude towards the use of this method in the treatment of malignant tumors.

In recent years, a number of works have been published on the diagnosis of tumors of the skeletal system using the Sr85 isotope. Noting the high diagnostic efficiency of Sr85, most authors believe that the long half-life of the isotope (65 days) determines its relatively high radiotoxicity.

The vast majority of patients with advanced forms of cancer experience severe mental and physical suffering. Medical professionals often do not pay due attention to these patients, do not use all available options for their treatment, and in most cases only provide analgesic therapy. Such a tactic, undoubtedly, does not contribute to the onset of bright periods during the course of the disease.

The recognition of the existence of local stages of malignant lymphomas and the metastatic pathway of their spread made it reasonable to use the so-called "radical program of radiation therapy", which consists in sequential irradiation of both areas with identified foci of lymphoma and significant areas of the body with the aim of a preventive effect on the subclinical phases of the tumor (submandibular, cervical, supraclavicular and subclavian, axillary, mediastinal lymph nodes, as well as the retroperitoneal space, the pelvic region, etc.).

Hemorrhagic thrombocythemia (synonyms: primary, idiopathic, essential thrombocythemia, hyperthrombocytic myelosis, megakaryocytic leukemia) rarely occurs as an independent disease, more often develops as a syndrome, firstly, with myeloproliferative processes (chronic myeloid leukemia, polycythemia, and secondly with myelofibrosing processes (myelofibrosis, fibrous osteodystrophy, disseminated bone carcinomatosis). Reactive thrombocytosis is observed in cancer, collagenosis, burns, and large blood loss [1].

In assessing the function (external respiration, it is of great importance to determine the removal of carbon dioxide from the body, which allows, firstly, to judge hypercapnia and, secondly, to draw a conclusion about the ratio of ventilation and blood flow.

The aim of the work was to determine the lateralization of clear tones and ultrasound of the threshold and suprathreshold intensity before the operation, during it, in the postoperative period up to 6 months, as well as the functional prognosis of various stages of hearing-improving operations. Under the supervision there were 20 patients with chronic purulent otitis media, who underwent tympanoplasty of I, III, IV types according to Wuldtein.

The steroid anesthetic was synthesized in 1955 [43] and named hydroxydione. In its chemical structure, it is close to progesterone and deoxycorticosterone, but lacks hormonal properties. In the USA, hydroxydione was released under the name Viadril, in the USSR - “Predion”.

The sodium clearance (purification coefficient) was investigated in 47 patients with acute glomerulonephritis. Glomerular filtration of water was determined by endogenous creatinine, minute diuresis - in 1–2-hour samples and from the daily amount. Serum and urine electrolytes were studied using a flame photometer.

In the present study, early renal dysfunction was detected in 79 patients with heart failure and the features of the action of halidor and dimidine on changes in the functional state of the kidneys were assessed according to isotope gammarenography and hippuran I131 clearance.

Among 360 patients with epilepsy who were being treated in the clinic, there were 2 in whom a thorough examination suggested a pancreatic adenoma as the cause of the seizures. Here is one of our observations.

We observed 270 patients with malignant tumors of the nasopharynx. Regional metastases on admission were detected in 72.2% of patients, including bilateral metastases in 37.3%. In 30% of patients, the appearance of metastatic nodes on the neck was the first symptom of a tumor of the nasopharynx.

We observed 1496 patients with cervical diseases in the antenatal clinic of the Central District Hospital (age - from 18 to 86 years old; women in the village - 1056, city - 440).

We studied the dependence of the length, body weight and head circumference of newborns, age, nationality, education, occupation, menarche, group (ABO) and Rh-affiliation, past and concomitant diseases of mothers, the ordinal number of pregnancy and the time of year of delivery. The entire contingent of newborns and mothers (without perinatal mortality) of the pregnancy pathology department of the Togliatti city hospital of the Kuibyshev region (801 singleton births) was analyzed. The ratio of boys and girls was 94.2: 100.0. The average age of women in childbirth is 26 years.

When examined in 1968-1973. 1650 children of the first 2 years of life were found to have almost disappeared from severe forms of rickets, in the majority of patients a mild degree of the disease was noted.

The search for new means of external therapy for patients with various allergic, dermatoses, including professional dermatoses, is a very urgent task. We studied the efficacy of phlogosam ointment (People's Republic of Hungary), containing a 3% complex of sulfosalicylic acid samarium (a rare earth element), in 62 patients (38 men and 24 women aged 3 to 52 years): 28 with occupational eczema, 7 with professional allergic dermatitis, 8 with chronic true eczema and 19 with childhood eczema. Treatment was carried out both in inpatient and outpatient settings.

We analyzed 109 case histories of patients with destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis for 1970-1971. 47 of them (1st group), according to observations of medical personnel and data from medical records, during the main course of treatment abused alcohol. 9 people were registered in a neuropsychiatric dispensary for alcoholism, many of them had an increased tolerance to alcohol, withdrawal symptoms, and alcohol-type personality degradation. Some patients led an asocial lifestyle: they lost their family, often changed their place of work, etc. In this group, 15 people. there was focal pulmonary tuberculosis, in 29 - infiltrative and in 3 - disseminated.

We analyzed the causes of nosebleeds in patients with various diseases of internal organs. Depending on the etiological or contributing factors of nosebleeds, 275 patients were divided into 5 groups: 1st — persons suffering from some form of hypertension (52%); 2nd — patients with atherosclerosis without hypertension (8%); 3rd - persons with idiopathic nosebleeds (19%); 4th - patients with bleeding polyps, condition after adenotomy, with hemangiomas of the nasal mucosa, Randu-Osler disease, rhinitis and abscess of the nasal septum (17%) and 5th - patients with influenza, rheumatism, Verlhof's disease and agranulocytosis (4% ).

Men with anterior gonorrheal urethritis received on the 1st day of treatment 3.0 g of chloramphenicol (0.5 per dose), then 2 days at 2.0 g, total for the course - 7.0 g of the drug. Patients with total urethritis on the 1st day were prescribed chloramphenicol in a daily dose of 3.0 g, in the next 3 days - 2.0 g each, for a total of 9.0 g. When trichomoniasis was detected, treatment with trichopolum was also carried out. 8-24 hours after the start of therapy, gonococci were not detected in any of the patients. There were no side effects after taking chloramphenicol.

The main occupational hazard of the weaving industry, linseed dust "manifests its effect against the background of an unfavorable microclimate, increased industrial noise and insufficient lighting. Studies of temperature, humidity and air velocity revealed an excess (in all seasons) of the established parameters of air temperature by 5-8 ° and relative air humidity by 10-20%. The general noise level in weaving shops is 103 dB, the noise level in octaves exceeds the sanitary standards: 250 Hz - by 8 dB; 500 Hz — by 8 dB; 1000 Hz - by 9 dB; 2000 Hz - 19 dB; 4000 Hz - 18 dB; 8000 Hz - 15 dB.

85 years have passed since the opening of the first higher educational institution in Siberia - Tomsk University. Without going into a detailed description of the role of other public figures who contributed to its organization, we consider it necessary to note that Tomsk owes a lot to Kazan University and its professors who actively participated in creating a “new torch” of knowledge in Siberia.

Cardiac glycosides and their clinical pharmacology have not left the field of vision of both pharmacologists and clinicians for many years. This is due not only to the emergence of more and more new drugs, but also to the incessant attempts to detail the mechanism of their action, the study of the characteristics of each drug, the search for the most reasonable indications for choosing the best in each individual case.

On 16-17 / І в 1974, a phthisiatric conference was held in Kazan with the participation of phthisiatricians from the regions of the TASSR and a number of cities of the RSFSR (Ufa, Gorky, Yoshkar-Ola, Cheboksary and others), dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the Kazan anti-tuberculosis service. Representatives of the Central Institute of Tuberculosis M3 of the USSR and the Moscow Research Institute of Tuberculosis M3 of the RSFSR also took part in the work.