Vol 61, No 4 (1980)
- Year: 1980
- Published: 31.07.1980
- Articles: 43
- URL: https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/issue/view/3549
Full Issue
Chronical bronchitis
Abstract
The modern views on the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis, the most common form of chronic nonspecific lung diseases, are presented. On the basis of long-term observations and generalization of the latest literature data, the features of the clinical course of this disease are characterized. Methods of diagnosis and treatment are described.
Pulmonary Gas Exchange in Patients with Acquired Heart Diseases and Chronic Nonspecific Pulmonary Diseases
Abstract
In 294 patients with circulatory insufficiency due to rheumatic heart defects and in 188 patients with respiratory failure resulting from chronic nonspecific lung diseases, a comparative study of ventilation, ventilation-perfusion relations, diffusion capacity of the lungs, blood gases and acid-base balance was carried out.
Respiratory biomechanics in chronic bronchitis
Abstract
The results of the study of the biomechanics of respiration in chronic bronchitis by the method of general plethysmography are presented. Its data clearly show that violations of the biomechanics of respiration progress depending on the severity of respiratory failure. The method of general plethysmography is ahead of Votchal's test - Tiffno, pneumotachometry and forced vital capacity of the lungs in terms of the degree of increase in information content.
Features of the course of chronic nonspecific lung disease in young patients
Abstract
The data of long-term follow-up of 130 patients who suffered in childhood with protracted (32) and chronic (98) pneumonia are presented. When examined at the age of 14-30, 23 people were recognized as healthy, in 107 chronic nonspecific lung diseases were revealed, in the formation and course of which viral and bacterial pneumonia transferred in childhood, pathology of pregnancy and childbirth in the mother, tuberculous bronchoadenitis were important; smoking and unfavorable living conditions contributed to the development of severe forms of bronchitis.
Influence of ultraviolet irradiation on the therapeutic activity of sulfonamides in patients with chronic pneumonia
Abstract
In a comparative aspect, the pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of sulfonamides (sulfadimezine and sulfamonomethoxin) were studied in their treatment of patients with chronic pneumonia with and without UV irradiation. It has been shown that the course use of sulfonamides with UV irradiation leads to an increase in the content of their total and free forms, their acetylation in the blood, and an increase in the total acetylating ability of the organism. The combined use of sulfonamides with UV irradiation is clinically more effective.
Pharmacodynamics of sulfalene
Abstract
The pharmacodynamics of sulfalene was studied. When administered to patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases, 1 g on the first day and 0.2 g in the next 6 days, the drug circulates in the blood and is excreted in the urine throughout the entire course of treatment, after it continues to circulate in the blood for 6-9 days and is released with urine for 9-11 days. After a single dose of 2 g, it circulates in the blood for 6-7 days and is excreted in the urine for 6-9 days.
Changes in central hemodynamics during treatment with strophanthin in combination with non-steroidal anabolizers
Abstract
The data on changes in some parameters of central hemodynamics in 176 patients with chronic circulatory failure under the influence of treatment with strophanthin in combination with non-steroidal anabolizers: potassium orotate and methyluracil are presented.
ECG standards in the Frankish system of corrected orthogonal leads in children aged 8-15 years
Abstract
Developed ECG standards in the Frankovsk system of corrected orthogonal leads in children 8-15 years of age. These standards can be used in the everyday practice of doctors in electrocardiographic offices and serve as a basis for establishing diagnostic criteria for various diseases and pathological conditions of the heart.
Corrected orthogonal ECG leads in the diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy
Abstract
Examined 208 patients with "pure" or predominant mitral stenosis. The diagnosis was confirmed during surgical treatment, in 17 patients - on the section. The high sensitivity of corrected orthogonal leads in the diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy at various stages of mitral stenosis was shown. At stage II of mitral stenosis, changes in the QRS complex in orthogonal leads were detected in 60.4%, and in ordinary ones - in 34.8% of patients, in stage III - in 83.8% and 64.5%, respectively. In the IV stage of the disease, right ventricular hypertrophy along orthogonal leads was found in 68.5% of patients, and in normal ones - in 52.7%. In total, using orthogonal leads, right ventricular hypertrophy was determined in 73.1%, and according to 12 conventional leads - in 54.3% of patients.
Changes in the lungs with mitral stenosis
Abstract
Based on the analysis of radiologically detected changes in the vessels of the lungs in patients with mitral stenosis and pathomorphological data, two groups of patients were identified: with venous and with venous-arterial congestion. This division of patients makes it possible to get a more complete picture of the nature of the compensation of pulmonary circulation, to predict the degree of narrowing of the mitral opening, as well as some complications of the acute postoperative period.
Comprehensive analysis of the progression of lipoid spots in the aorta in children
Abstract
Analysis of literature data and numerous observations served as the basis for considering aortic lipoidosis in children as a potential precursor of atherosclerosis. It was found that starting from the age of eight, lipoid spots acquire a localization characteristic of adults - the abdominal aorta. The exponential nature of the progression of lipoidosis with age was established. A morphometric study of histological preparations revealed lipoid spots with the initial phenomena of sclerotic changes.
To the method of studying blood circulation in the muscle
Abstract
In patients with extensor contracture of the knee joint, a longitudinal segmental rheovasogram of the thigh and a rheogram of the quadriceps muscle were recorded using needle electrodes, which were also used to determine the oxygen tension (pO2). A decrease in the value of the rheographic index during cutaneous rheography was found.
Features of morphological changes in the intramural nervous system of the heart in atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction
Abstract
Morphometric study of human cardiac neurocytes in myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis made it possible to establish that myocardial infarction causes adaptive (hypertrophic) changes in the intramural nervous system of the heart, especially pronounced on the first day of the course of the infarction; with atherosclerosis, the changes are characterized by a direction towards atrophic processes.
Cardiac activity of the fetus during intensive care of late toxicosis in childbirth
Abstract
By the method of FECG studies of the fetus in pregnant women with severe late toxicosis, chronic hypoxia of the fetal myocardium was found in 93.7% of cases. During childbirth during intensive therapy of severe late toxicosis, the fetal cardiac activity stabilized.
Method for determining the patency of the popliteal artery
Abstract
A non-instrumental method for determining the patency of the popliteal artery has been developed, the essence of which is to identify the symptom of visible oscillatory (pulsatory) movements - swaying of the foot transmitted from compressed arteries of the popliteal region at certain positions of the examined limb.
Rheovasographic characteristics of the state of blood circulation in the lower extremities in case of ankle injury
Abstract
With the help of rheovasography, the condition of the lower extremities was investigated in persons who had suffered a severe injury of the ankle joint in the distant past. The use of dosed physical activity in these surveyed made it possible to reveal the nature of peripheral circulatory disorders. The great informative value of rheovasography data for the examination of the work capacity of patients with the consequences of musculoskeletal system trauma is emphasized.
Phospholipid composition and functional activity of platelets in chronic leukemia
Abstract
The literature data on the participation of platelet phospholipids in the process of hemostasis are presented. The results of studies of the phospholipid composition of platelets in patients with chronic leukemia are presented. In platelets of patients, an increase in the amount of total lipids and sphingomyelin was noted, which, possibly, is associated with a decrease in coagulation and an increase in their anticoagulant activity.
Chronic spinal vascular insufficiency
Abstract
Based on the study of the literature and the analysis of 66 observations with clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological and X-ray studies, the features of the development, course and clinic of chronic spinal vascular insufficiency are described. The main data for the diagnosis of this disease are presented: the predominance of movement disorders in the clinical picture of the disease, the correspondence of the lesion to a specific arterial basin or critical areas of blood supply, a long course with exacerbations and stabilization of the process and regression of symptoms after targeted therapy.
Lumbosacral vertebral compression syndrome
Abstract
The clinical picture of the lesion and the results of a morphological study of a patient with osteochondrosis of the lumbar spine with compression of the spinal roots are described. Morphological changes of a degenerative-dystrophic nature were found not only in the formations located in the compression focus, but also in the peripheral neuromuscular apparatus, segmental and suprasegmental structures of the central nervous system.
Change in oxygen tension in the capillary blood of tissues of infected wounds during local hyperbaric oxygenation
Abstract
84 patients with purulent wounds were treated with local application of oxygen under pressure using mobile portable pressure chambers. The study of the dynamics of pO2 in a purulent wound confirms the positive effect of this method of hyperbaric oxygenation on the local hypoxia of a purulent wound and on its healing.
Intra-arterial administration of drugs in the complex treatment of severe inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region
Abstract
In the treatment of 54 patients with severe inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial region, the method of long-term catheterization of the external carotid artery through one of its branches was used to administer antibiotics and anticoagulants. The results obtained make it possible to recommend this technique for wide clinical use in the complex of intensive therapy for purulent processes of the face.
Organization of microsurgical treatment of patients with senile cataracts
Abstract
Rational organizational measures and an improved technique of surgical intervention for cataracts are described, which contributed to an improvement in the quality indicators of cataract extraction outcomes and a decrease in the duration of postoperative hospital stay of patients to 5-6 days.
Assessment of inflammatory and sclerotic processes in the lungs in chronic pneumonia
Abstract
We studied the dynamics of inflammatory and sclerotic processes in the lungs in patients with chronic pneumonia. For this purpose, three parameters of collagen metabolism were investigated: total urine hydroxyproline, free blood serum hydroxyproline, and hydroxyproline associated with a collagen-like plasma protein. In addition, the content of haptaglobin (Hp), chlorine-soluble mucoprotein (CMP) and the amino acid spectrum of blood serum were determined.
The use of ektericide for the sanitation of the respiratory tract
Abstract
The drug ektericide is a clear yellowish liquid with a slight specific odor - made from fish oil. It contains aldehydes, fatty acids and peroxides and has a pronounced antimicrobial effect, while it is low toxic, its local application does not cause irritation. Ectericide is recommended for use in purulent surgery and for sanitizing the nasopharynx of meningococcal carriers.
The role of cytological studies in the differential diagnosis of lung diseases
Abstract
During 1965-1977. we conducted 1842 cytological studies in 332 patients with lung diseases (280 men and 52 women aged from about to 69 years). 5,117 of them had chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis. 117 had pneumonia and 103 had lung tumors.
The value of the phagocytic reaction for assessing the effectiveness of staged treatment of patients with rheumatism
Abstract
The issues of rehabilitation of patients with rheumatism are currently becoming the leading ones in assessing the effectiveness of treatment, its clinical usefulness. Among the methods that improve the quality of the therapy and consolidate the achieved effect, staged treatment in a hospital and in a sanatorium has proven itself very positively. However, the criteria for such treatment are not always objective enough, which makes it difficult to judge the degree of rehabilitation of patients after hospitalization and after sanatorium treatment.
Physicochemical characteristics of proteins: cardiac muscle and aorta of a rabbit in experimental atherosclerosis
Abstract
We undertook to study the ultraviolet (UV) and infrared (IR) absorption spectra of proteins extracted from the tissues of the heart muscle and aorta of rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis, which was caused by various atherogenic substances.
Diagnostics of the chronic fetal hypoxia during pregnancy
Abstract
In order to clarify the significance of various methods for determining the state of the fetus during its hypoxia, we studied the content of placental lactogen (PLH) in the blood and amniotic fluid, the activity of histidase and urocaninase in them, and also studied the cardiac activity of the fetus using the oxytocin test in 109 pregnant women.
Organization of timely detection of tuberculosis patients in the polyclinic
Abstract
After the introduction of anti-tuberculosis antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs into practice, the incidence of tuberculosis among the population began to decline rapidly. This was facilitated by a significant decrease in the massiveness of bacilli excretion in persons with open forms of the process under the influence of tuberculostatic therapy.
On the causes of diagnostic errors in recognizing a disease of internal organs
Abstract
Based on the study of more than 40 classifications of the causes of diagnostic errors, a classification of the main deontological factors involved in the occurrence of diagnostic errors has been compiled. A special technique was used to study the material 601 of the case history with diagnostic errors. It turned out that in 78.4% of the sources of medical errors in one way or another were deontological factors (insufficiently collected information about the patient or. Its incorrect interpretation).
Organization of work of medical personnel in the functional diagnostics room of a multidisciplinary hospital
Abstract
The study of the organization of work of the functional diagnostics room in five city multidisciplinary hospitals showed that the structure of research and the workload of medical personnel depend on the profile of the departments, the need for functional research, the technical equipment of the office and the qualifications of staff. The data obtained can be used as the basis for individual job descriptions that determine the volume and nature of the activities of each medical worker in the office.
Application of the in vitro blood basophil degranulation test in the diagnosis of allergy caused by candida fungi
Abstract
To diagnose mycotic sensitization in workers in the production of microbiological protein synthesis, a modified Shelley test was used. The morphological changes of basophils were assessed in leucoconcentrate, during the preparation of which the specific reaction of basophilic leukocytes with the antigen is simultaneously carried out. The research results were consistent with clinical data. The test can also be used to detect latent sensitization.
A device for measuring blood pressure and determining blood flow in extraorganic vessels during surgery
Abstract
The device modified by the authors allows you to measure the maximum and minimum arterial and venous pressure, as well as to examine the blood flow in extraorganic vessels during operations. The objects of investigation can be the vessels of the extremities, organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavity, neck, etc. The effect is provided by the transparent upper wall of the pneumatic chamber and transillumination, carried out using a miniature light source built into the opposite plate.