Vol 61, No 4 (1980)

The modern views on the etiology and pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis, the most common form of chronic nonspecific lung diseases, are presented. On the basis of long-term observations and generalization of the latest literature data, the features of the clinical course of this disease are characterized. Methods of diagnosis and treatment are described.

The results of the study of the biomechanics of respiration in chronic bronchitis by the method of general plethysmography are presented. Its data clearly show that violations of the biomechanics of respiration progress depending on the severity of respiratory failure. The method of general plethysmography is ahead of Votchal's test - Tiffno, pneumotachometry and forced vital capacity of the lungs in terms of the degree of increase in information content.

In a comparative aspect, the pharmacokinetics and clinical efficacy of sulfonamides (sulfadimezine and sulfamonomethoxin) were studied in their treatment of patients with chronic pneumonia with and without UV irradiation. It has been shown that the course use of sulfonamides with UV irradiation leads to an increase in the content of their total and free forms, their acetylation in the blood, and an increase in the total acetylating ability of the organism. The combined use of sulfonamides with UV irradiation is clinically more effective.

The data on changes in some parameters of central hemodynamics in 176 patients with chronic circulatory failure under the influence of treatment with strophanthin in combination with non-steroidal anabolizers: potassium orotate and methyluracil are presented.

Examined 208 patients with "pure" or predominant mitral stenosis. The diagnosis was confirmed during surgical treatment, in 17 patients - on the section. The high sensitivity of corrected orthogonal leads in the diagnosis of right ventricular hypertrophy at various stages of mitral stenosis was shown. At stage II of mitral stenosis, changes in the QRS complex in orthogonal leads were detected in 60.4%, and in ordinary ones - in 34.8% of patients, in stage III - in 83.8% and 64.5%, respectively. In the IV stage of the disease, right ventricular hypertrophy along orthogonal leads was found in 68.5% of patients, and in normal ones - in 52.7%. In total, using orthogonal leads, right ventricular hypertrophy was determined in 73.1%, and according to 12 conventional leads - in 54.3% of patients.

Analysis of literature data and numerous observations served as the basis for considering aortic lipoidosis in children as a potential precursor of atherosclerosis. It was found that starting from the age of eight, lipoid spots acquire a localization characteristic of adults - the abdominal aorta. The exponential nature of the progression of lipoidosis with age was established. A morphometric study of histological preparations revealed lipoid spots with the initial phenomena of sclerotic changes.

Morphometric study of human cardiac neurocytes in myocardial infarction and atherosclerosis made it possible to establish that myocardial infarction causes adaptive (hypertrophic) changes in the intramural nervous system of the heart, especially pronounced on the first day of the course of the infarction; with atherosclerosis, the changes are characterized by a direction towards atrophic processes.

A non-instrumental method for determining the patency of the popliteal artery has been developed, the essence of which is to identify the symptom of visible oscillatory (pulsatory) movements - swaying of the foot transmitted from compressed arteries of the popliteal region at certain positions of the examined limb.

The literature data on the participation of platelet phospholipids in the process of hemostasis are presented. The results of studies of the phospholipid composition of platelets in patients with chronic leukemia are presented. In platelets of patients, an increase in the amount of total lipids and sphingomyelin was noted, which, possibly, is associated with a decrease in coagulation and an increase in their anticoagulant activity.

Based on the study of the literature and the analysis of 66 observations with clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological and X-ray studies, the features of the development, course and clinic of chronic spinal vascular insufficiency are described. The main data for the diagnosis of this disease are presented: the predominance of movement disorders in the clinical picture of the disease, the correspondence of the lesion to a specific arterial basin or critical areas of blood supply, a long course with exacerbations and stabilization of the process and regression of symptoms after targeted therapy.

84 patients with purulent wounds were treated with local application of oxygen under pressure using mobile portable pressure chambers. The study of the dynamics of pO2 in a purulent wound confirms the positive effect of this method of hyperbaric oxygenation on the local hypoxia of a purulent wound and on its healing.

Based on the analysis of archival clinical material, data on the frequency and nature of rhinogenic complications are presented. The features of surgical treatment are described, the causes of deaths are considered.

Early diagnosis of pneumonia, adequate assessment of the patient's condition, timely hospitalization, intensive post-syndrome therapy are of great importance in the outcome of this disease in children.

The drug ektericide is a clear yellowish liquid with a slight specific odor - made from fish oil. It contains aldehydes, fatty acids and peroxides and has a pronounced antimicrobial effect, while it is low toxic, its local application does not cause irritation. Ectericide is recommended for use in purulent surgery and for sanitizing the nasopharynx of meningococcal carriers.

The issues of rehabilitation of patients with rheumatism are currently becoming the leading ones in assessing the effectiveness of treatment, its clinical usefulness. Among the methods that improve the quality of the therapy and consolidate the achieved effect, staged treatment in a hospital and in a sanatorium has proven itself very positively. However, the criteria for such treatment are not always objective enough, which makes it difficult to judge the degree of rehabilitation of patients after hospitalization and after sanatorium treatment.

Hereditary neutropenia is a rare childhood disorder. The characteristic signs of hereditary neutropenia are a tendency to pustular and septic diseases, as well as alveolar pyorrhea.

Currently, when carrying out surgical interventions for diseases of the brain, multicomponent anesthesia is used. A variety of it is a balanced anesthesia using diazepam (synonyms: seduxen, valium, relanium) — taralgesia.

Myopia ranks first among the causes of decreased vision in school-age children. Among schoolchildren in Kazan, children suffering from myopia make up 7.5%.

After the introduction of anti-tuberculosis antibiotics and chemotherapy drugs into practice, the incidence of tuberculosis among the population began to decline rapidly. This was facilitated by a significant decrease in the massiveness of bacilli excretion in persons with open forms of the process under the influence of tuberculostatic therapy.

The study of the organization of work of the functional diagnostics room in five city multidisciplinary hospitals showed that the structure of research and the workload of medical personnel depend on the profile of the departments, the need for functional research, the technical equipment of the office and the qualifications of staff. The data obtained can be used as the basis for individual job descriptions that determine the volume and nature of the activities of each medical worker in the office.

The device modified by the authors allows you to measure the maximum and minimum arterial and venous pressure, as well as to examine the blood flow in extraorganic vessels during operations. The objects of investigation can be the vessels of the extremities, organs of the thoracic and abdominal cavity, neck, etc. The effect is provided by the transparent upper wall of the pneumatic chamber and transillumination, carried out using a miniature light source built into the opposite plate.

For merits in the field of medical science and training of scientific personnel, to confer the honorary title "Honored Scientist of the RSFSR"