Vol 61, No 2 (1980)

In his study of the laws of social development and the problems of the formation of a comprehensively developed personality, V.I. He paid unremitting attention to the issues of the socialist way of life, its social and hygienic foundations in the field of work, everyday life, consumption and cultural communication.

One of the oldest institutes for the improvement of doctors in the country - the Kazan State Pedagogical University named after V.I.Lenin - was organized in accordance with the resolution of the ceremonial meeting of the Kazan Provincial Executive Committee (April 22, 1920), dedicated to the 50th anniversary of the birth of V. I. Lenin.

A variant of organizing specialized groups for children with allergies in preschool institutions has been proposed. Methods of selecting children for a specialized group, the form of organizing systematic observation of them and the principles of conducting therapeutic and prophylactic measures are described. As a result of the stay of children in specialized groups, it is possible to achieve remission in 80-90% of patients with skin manifestations of allergy, as well as to reduce the overall morbidity by 2 times.

In 136 children with rheumatoid arthritis, including 50 in the course of treatment, blood serum was tested for antibodies to rubella, influenza, adeno and parainfluenza viruses. Overproduction of antibodies to rubella virus was detected in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis along with decreased titers of antibodies to influenza B, adeno and parainfluenza viruses types 2 and 3 compared to the age norm.

The study of the dynamics of the content of immunoglobulins (Ig) in 140 children with different variants of the course of ARVI showed that the specific immune response in uncomplicated ARVI is an increased synthesis of Ig A during the recovery period. Ig G content is largely associated with the severity of the disease. With complicated ARVI, the immune response is expressed in an increase in the level of Ig G, A and M, but depends on the period of the disease and the severity of the bacterial complication. In children with a burdened premorbid background, the level of Ig G increases slightly, which is reflected in the incidence of ARVI complications in this group of children.

Purposeful bacteriological studies were carried out to identify patients with yersiniosis. Five observations of the disease caused by Yersinia enterocolitic are described. Due to the polymorphism of the clinical picture and the low awareness of doctors about yersiniosis, the patients were initially hospitalized with the following diagnoses: acute dysentery, gastroenteritis, adenovirus infection, acute respiratory disease. In all 5 patients, the causative agent of the disease was isolated from the feces.

Comparative clinical and epidemiological observations in family foci were carried out for 423 children who had recovered from a mild form of Zonne's dysentery and were treated in an infectious hospital with chemotherapy drugs (group 1), antibiotics (group 2), or their combination (group 3). It was found that the terms of complete clinical recovery and bacteriological cleansing of the body (observation duration - 6 months) did not differ significantly in different types of treatment.

The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was studied in 136 patients with viral hepatitis. The highest ALP values were found in children under 1 year of age with severe serum hepatitis. In children from 1 to 14 years old, in the icteric period, the alkaline phosphatase activity exceeded the control by 3 times with mild and 3.5 times with moderate form of viral hepatitis.

A comparative test of media prepared on cabbage-casein-yeast hydrolyzate and on Hettinger's digestion (control) with reference strains of meningococci, streptococci, staphylococci, diphtheria bacillus and during the examination of 364 persons was carried out. The experimental environments were not inferior to the control ones in terms of growth qualities. The pathogens retained their properties. The availability and low cost of cabbage-casein-yeast hydrolyzate give reason to recommend its use at. studies on meningococcus and accompanying flora.

The medical histories of 86 newborns with developmental abnormalities were analyzed. In the structure of the overall morbidity, congenital malformations amounted to 2.3%. The 1st place among various developmental anomalies is taken by the defects of the cardiovascular system, the 2nd - by the defects of the osteoarticular system, the 3rd - by the disorders of the central nervous system.

On the basis of a clinical analysis of 5 observations, a nosological form was identified, characterized by the impossibility of normal implementation of the act of standing and walking due to the progressive violent tilt of the trunk forward, accompanied by discoordination of the lumbar, abdominal and respiratory muscles and a number of autonomic disorders. Unlike torsional dystonia, it is not lordosis, but kyphosis, which occurs. The disease is treatable with gymnastic exercises and the effect on the concomitant local foci of irritation.

The formation of a pathological craving for alcohol was studied in 136 patients with alcoholism. It is shown how the use of alcohol is at first “symbolic”, later mediated by the desire for emotional contacts with the environment, then it becomes the motives of need, and subsequently acquires the character of passion, which determines the motives of behavior and includes components of the psychological, mental and physical plan in its structure.

As a result of the study of the parameters of humoral and cellular immunity in patients with benign and borderline "epithelial" tumors of the ovaries, it was found that the most indicative changes in the immunological reactivity of the organism in this group of patients are defects in the T-system of lymphocytes. In the system of humoral immunity, an increase in the content of Ig A was revealed in all groups of patients; in the postoperative period, all patients showed a decrease in the Ig G content.

The study of the results of swelling cataract extraction without the use of a microscope and under a microscope showed that the latter method of extraction is less traumatic, postoperative complications occur much less frequently, and functional outcomes are better. The hospital stay was almost half that of patients operated on without a microscope.

We have studied the features of the clinical course of measles in 239 children vaccinated with a live corea vaccine and who fell ill through contact with patients with measles. All children received treatment at home, were under the supervision of local doctors and assistants of the Department of Children's Infectious Diseases.

V., 36 years old, was admitted to the 1st infectious diseases hospital in Kazan on 30 / X 1978, on the 5th day of illness, with complaints of muscle weakness, decreased vision, diplopia, anorexia. The patient is conscious, a state of moderate severity, temperature 37 ° C. There is no rash on the skin. The right pupil is wider than the left one, ptosis of the left eyelid, muscle tone is reduced, but reflexes are uniform on both sides. There is no sensory disturbance. Vesicular breathing, 28 per minute, somewhat weakened, no wheezing. Heart sounds are clear, no noise.

We analyzed the case histories of 200 patients with chronic viral hepatitis who were inpatient treatment at the 2nd infectious diseases hospital over the past 5 years (166 men and 34 women, of which about 80% were aged from 26 to 55 years). 170 patients (85%) had chronic persistent hepatitis and 30 (15%) had aggressive. 85 patients (42.5%) had acute viral hepatitis in the past, 115 (57.5%) had no history of this. The latter group of patients also did not have chronic diseases (tuberculosis, malaria, brucellosis, etc.) that could cause hepatitis syndrome.

For 1970-1977. 2542 patients with influenza were treated in our clinic. Damage to the nervous system was noted in 41 of them (1.6%) - in 21 men and 20 women aged 16 to 63 years. 29 patients were hospitalized in the first 3-4 days of illness with influenza, 6 - on the 5-6th day of illness, and the remaining 6 - at a later date. Patients were admitted to the clinic with diagnoses: influenza (20), meningococcal infection (15), influenza, meningoencephalitis (2), influenza, encephalitis (2) botulism (1), hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (1).

Под наблюдением находилось 120 детей (возраст — от 6 мес до 3 лет) с затяж­ной пневмонией. У всех детей наряду с тщательным анамнестическим, клинико- лабораторным, рентгенологическим и бронхологическим исследованием определяли активность сукцинатдегидрогеназы (СДГ) и альфа-глицерофосфатдегидрогеназы а-ГДДГ) в лимфоцитах с подсчетом гранул формазана (продукта реакции) на 1 лимфоцит; активность щелочной и кислой фосфатаз нейтрофилов (ЩФн и КФн), кислой фосфатазы лимфоцитов (КФл) ; активность миелопероксидазы (М) нейтро­филов и содержание фосфолипидов (Ф) в нейтрофилах в динамике от 2 до 3 раз. Контрольную группу составили 50 здоровых детей того же возраста. Результаты исследования обработаны статистически с применением метода корреляции.

In recent years, the classic course of purulent-inflammatory diseases has changed significantly. Therefore, at present, surgeons are especially in dire need of informative tests that help in the diagnosis, prognosis and assessment of the effectiveness of treatment. The attention of clinicians and researchers is increasingly attracted by the study of the enzymatic status of circulating leukocytes, which is one of the most informative indicators of the body's protective potential, a very sensitive test that subtly and quickly responds to changes in homeostasis.

We carried out observations on 1836 children who were treated in a hospital for pneumonia, sepsis, ARVI. Side effects of antibiotics were identified in 110 of them (age - from 1 month to 7 years).

Numerous works of the founder of ancient medicine Hippocrates, since the Middle Ages, have been repeatedly, more than 60 times, translated into many European languages, but they were very little known to Russian, Soviet doctors, since in the last century they were published in translation into (Russian only two small Vladimir Ivanovich Rudnev decided to fill this gap.

Книга рассчитана на широкий круг врачей. В первой главе с современных позиций освещены этиология и патогенез мерца­тельной аритмии, которая часто осложняет течение ревматических пороков сердца и атеросклеротического кардиосклероза.

In the article "Some ritual issues of modern obstetrics and ways to solve them" (Kazan medical Zh., 1978, 4) prof. SM Becker put forward for discussion 3 aspects of the problem of reducing maternal and child morbidity and mortality, each of which is of great importance, requires discussion and further scientific developments. In this regard, I would like to dwell on the first two issues, which are largely interconnected.