Vol 47, No 4 (1966)

May 24, 1966 marks the 60th anniversary of the birth of the director of the Institute of Surgery. A.V. Vishnevsky of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, chief surgeon of the USSR Ministry of Defense, Colonel General of the Medical Service, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR and TASSR, full member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences Professor Alexander Alexandrovich Vishnevsky.

The results of surgical treatment of peptic ulcer disease are steadily improving, mortality after gastric resections is markedly reduced. This was facilitated by the growth of qualified surgical care, the standardization of surgical treatment methods, and the improvement of operating techniques. An equally important role was played by the improvement of tactics with already developed complications.

Cardiospasm should be considered a multi-causal neuromuscular chronic esophageal disease with a gradual or acute onset and recurrent course.

Ganglion blocking drugs Hexonium and Gangleron in recent years are increasingly used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, chronic gastritis and some liver diseases.

In our clinic for 1962-1964. out of 100 patients with cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, cancer of the biliary tract and pancreatic head, surgical cholangiography was performed in 98, control cholangiography - in 9 and postoperative - in 6. In 45 patients, surgical cholangiography was combined with a manometric study.

The receptor nervous apparatus of the ileocecal angle is highly functional and has a close neuroreflex connection with various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, especially with the pyloric part of the stomach.

In recent years, many events have been carried out in our country to develop proctology, this relatively new and promising branch of surgery.

Over the past 8 years, 64 people have been under our supervision. with foreign bodies of the gastrointestinal tract: male - 38 and female - 26. At the age of 10 years was 21, from 11 to 20 - 20, from 21 to 40 - 19 and from 41 to 50 years - 4 people.

In many patients with diabetes mellitus, who have been systematically treated with insulin for a number of years, various changes in the cardiovascular system are observed

As you know, the appearance of diabetes insipidus clearly indicates a lesion of the interstitial pituitary region, in particular, a dysfunction of the supraoptic nucleus - supraopticohypophyseal pathway - neurohypophysis system.

We observed 46 women and one man aged 24 to 63 years old, patients with thyrotoxicosis (21 people - mild, 24 - moderate and 2 - severe). The duration of the disease was different, 25 people. were sick for a year or less.

The physiological activity of the thyroid gland is closely related to glycoproteins. The main hormonal regulator of thyroid function - thyroid stimulating hormone - is a complex protein-carbohydrate compound.

Chorionepithelioma is a rare disease and occurs in 2-5% of malignant neoplasms of the female genital organs.

IP Pavlov and his school considered the salivary function as an indicator of the subtlest changes taking place in the central nervous system.

We observed 85 men and 45 women with urolithiasis with preserved renal function and without concomitant inflammatory processes.

We investigated the activity of pseudocholinesterase and true cholinesterase during exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis - in 50 patients, with acute bacterial and calculous cholecystitis - in 19, with cholelithiasis complicated by cholecystitis, outside the period of biliary colic - in 17. The control group consisted of 29 donors.

In case of soft tissue injuries, it is often necessary to resort to suturing.

The clinical picture of pluriglyandular insufficiency includes syndromes caused by a decrease in the secretion of all hormones of the anterior pituitary gland - somatotropic (growth hormone), thyrotropic, adrenocorticotropic, gonadotropic.

Literary data on bleeding from ruptures of the cervix are contradictory.

In some women, at the end of pregnancy, when lying on the back, weakness, dizziness, nausea appear.

The course of pregnancy and childbirth with thrombocytopenia is poorly understood. Therefore, we give our observation.

In recent domestic literature, there are only a few works related to the study of carbohydrate metabolism in patients with involutional psychosis.

Demorphan, synthesized at the V.I. S. Ordzhonikidze, according to its chemical structure, is O-methyl-N-methyloxymorphine bromohydrate. It is a white crystalline powder, readily soluble in water. Available in tablets of 5 and 10 mg.

Of the blood cells, leukocytes are the most sensitive to changes in solar radiation. The electric fields of the atmosphere, magnetic vibrations, cosmic radiation, electromagnetic waves, etc., influencing the human body as a whole, also affect the blood. Oscillations of the earth's magnetic field, apparently, affect the metals (iron, copper, magnesium, etc.) that are part of the system of living cells.

It has been established that the activity of serum alkaline phosphatase in liver diseases and especially in obstructive jaundice increases.

Given the conflicting opinions about transverse laparotomy, we set out to conduct an anatomical and clinical study of this approach to the liver.

We investigated protein fractions of gastric juice in 89 patients with peptic ulcer disease (74 with duodenal ulcer, 15 with gastric ulcer), as well as in 11 patients with chronic gastritis with preserved and increased secretory function.

The most promising results were obtained in patients treated with estrogens.

We have traced the long-term results of treatment of 204 patients with acute and 111 patients with chronic dysentery (see Kazan medical Zh., 1961, 5).

We tested experimentally the possibility of stimulating reparative regeneration of tendon tissue with some pyrimidine derivatives.

Treatment begins with a dose of 0.25. We give antabus in the form of tablets to relatives of the patient for 7 days.

Differential diagnosis of chronic colitis is often very difficult.

For the formation of a healthy, physically developed person, the builder of a communist society, it is necessary not only to have regular, nutritious food corresponding to age; the organization of wide recreational activities, including the external environment - housing conditions, the level of health care development, physical culture, etc., is also acquiring great importance.

The presence of free gas in the abdominal cavity in acute abdominal syndrome is the most important and sometimes decisive factor in the diagnosis of a pathological process or damage to the abdomen (BS Rozanov), especially where the symptoms are poor.

There is now a need to provide infectious disease doctors and therapists, as well as medical students, with good guidance on the diagnosis of infectious diseases.

The first session was devoted to the state and measures to improve surgical care for children in the USSR. The main report on this issue was made by prof. Yu. F. Isakov (Moscow), who noted that in 1965 the number of children's surgical beds in the Union increased by 4300 in comparison with 1962.

Prof. NA Yudaev reported on the biochemistry and biosynthesis of adrenal cortex hormones. Corticosteroids are formed here with the participation of ascorbic acid and enzymes from cholesterol and acetate.

The reports were devoted to the issues of occupational health and occupational pathology in the chemical industry, as well as the sanitary protection of atmospheric air, the Volga River and soil from pollution by industrial emissions and industrial wastewater.