Vol 52, No 3 (1971)
Anabolic hormones and their mechanism of action
Abstract
In 1935, testosterone was synthesised from cholesterol; in the same year, it was found that this hormone, besides its virilising effect, influences urinary nitrogen excretion by steadily reducing it, mainly through urea, and increases animal weight. The development of testosterone derivatives with a selective anabolic effect and a weak androgenic effect has created new opportunities in experimental endocrinology. As therapeutic agents, anabolics entered medical practice following reports of their successful use in the treatment of osteoporosis.
On the treatment of myocardial infarction patients with anabolic hormones
Abstract
Anabolic hormones have been increasingly used in recent years. The positive effects on coronary circulation and the metabolism of intact myocardial areas have given rise to their prescription in myocardial infarction. In atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis and chronic coronary insufficiency, anabolic hormones improve patients' condition and myocardial contractility.
On the effects of glucocorticoids and anabolic steroids on the cardiovascular system
Abstract
Most acute and especially chronic infections are accompanied by an imbalance in protein metabolism. In this case catabolic processes begin to prevail over anabolic ones and a negative nitrogen balance develops. Timely restoration of disturbed protein metabolism, especially in heart and liver, is extremely important. A significant achievement in this area has been the therapeutic use of new androgenic preparations, testosterone derivatives with an enhanced anabolic effect.
Central haemodynamics in peritonitis patients
Abstract
In 1962, N.K. Doronina, in an experiment on dogs and in clinic in 30 patients, determined the minute blood volume by the Grolman method. She found that in peritonitis despite a drop in circulating blood mass the minute volume is maintained at an elevated or optimal level. Complete normalisation of cardiac output and concentrations occurred by the 17th-20th day of the disease. This work appears to be the only one, and we regard it as important and original. However, our results of studying myocardial contractile function, regional circulation and some aspects of cardiac muscle metabolism are in contradiction with some conclusions of I.K. Doronina.
Modern drug treatments and prevention of ectopic cardiac arrhythmias
Abstract
The emergence of new antiarrhythmic drugs has significantly expanded the possibilities for combating various forms of heart rhythm disturbances. To control paroxysmal tachycardia we used Inderal in 44 patients with supraventricular and ventricular paroxysmal tachycardia and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and flutter. The drug was administered intravenously in doses of 5 to 10 mg to 37 patients, and in 7 patients the drug was given orally during a tachycardia attack, up to 80-100 mg for 1-1.5 hours. When administered intravenously, Inderal seizures were stopped at the time of injection and after a few minutes in 29 patients, and when administered orally - in 5 patients.
State of the gastric mucosa on gastroscopy for gastroduodenal bleeding
Abstract
A total of 110 patients with gastroduodenal bleeding of various etiologies were examined using modern models of gastrofibroscopes and radiological examination. The cause of bleeding was gastric and duodenal ulcer in 39 patients, gastric cancer in 40, hemorrhagic gastritis in 24, Mallory-Weiss syndrome in 2, varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach in 3 patients. The source of bleeding could not be identified in 2 patients.
Our experience of setting up a laparoscopy unit in a central district hospital
Abstract
The laparoscopy room at the central district hospital is best organised in one of the existing operating theatres or in a separate room close to the operating theatre. We have set aside one of the operating theatres for this purpose, which is also convenient in that it makes it possible to provide qualified surgical care in case of complications. The equipment of the operating theatre makes it easier to set up an endoscopy room. Other endoscopic examinations, such as bronchoscopy, etc., are also carried out in the same operating theatre.
Motor function of the stomach in peptic ulcer patients
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the motor function of the stomach in peptic ulcer disease according to the results of motor electrogastrography (EGG). We studied 85 patients: 14 with peptic ulcer and 71 with duodenal ulcer (age 28-40 years, duration of the disease from 4 to 18 years). All patients received fubromegan intramuscularly 1-2 ml of 2% solution 3-4 times a day for 24-30 days.
Preoperative preparation with cholinomimetics in patients with gastric cancer
Abstract
Despite advances in modern anaesthesiology, the management of anaesthesia in severe gastric cancer patients, as well as the correction of essential somatic functions during the anaesthetic and post-operative periods, are still difficult tasks.
Layered gastric surgery
Abstract
A permanent reduction in gastric secretion can be achieved by removing the gastric mucosa, preserving the organ and its numerous and extremely important functions. Convinced that extensive resection of the mucosa leads to a persistent hypacidic state (follow-up time - more than 3 years), we were faced with the need to intervene in other layers of the gastric wall, as in the clinical conditions there may be indications for this (ulcer penetrating beyond the mucosa, extensive dense fusion of the stomach with the surrounding organs, etc.).
Some experimental and clinical aspects of gastric resection with diverticular loop reduction
Abstract
Taking into account that loss of digestive and reservoir functions of the stomach, forced discharge of insufficiently processed food from the stomach stump into the intestine are the main causes of postgastroresection disorders, one of us (V.A. Baulin), in experiment on 27 dogs, developed a new modification of economy resection of the stomach according to Bilrott II with partial suturing of the adducting and abducting loop of anastomosis.
On the clinical significance of the potential properties of the pancreatic bloodstream
Abstract
We performed an anatomical and experimental study of the potential properties of the pancreatic bloodstream on 150 human fetuses (different developmental periods) and 90 cats, on which we also revealed the effect of organ denervation on the state of its parenchyma and intraorgan blood supply when extraorganic arterial or venous branches are ligated. Various methods of polychrome injection of blood vessels followed by luminescence of total preparations with glycerol as well as xylene or Spalteholz slices were used.
Micronutrient metabolism in pancreatic surgery
Abstract
In recent years, surgical interventions on the pancreas have expanded to include the resection of different parts of the pancreas. If metabolic disorders (protein, carbohydrate, fat, water-salt) associated with pancreatic pathology have been studied to some extent, there is still much uncertainty in the issues of microelement exchange in pathological conditions and various surgical interventions on the pancreas.
Retrorectal terminolateral anastomosis
Abstract
The need for resection of the colon, including the ampullary portion of the rectum, is encountered in cancer, non-specific ulcerative colitis, polyposis, and Hirschsprung's disease. Connecting the remaining portions to the short perineal and ampullary portions of the rectum is the most important and technically demanding step of the operation.
On pain management in cystectomy with bladder replacement with a bowel segment
Abstract
Advances in urology are largely related to advances in anaesthesiology. Of great interest is the anaesthesiological support for operations for malignant bladder lesions. Bladder extirpation combined with bladder grafting from the intestinal tube and transplantation of the ureters into the graft place significant demands on the surgical and anaesthetic teams due to its duration, traumatic nature and labour-intensive nature.
Clinical and morphological features of Hirschsprung's disease
Abstract
Hirschsprung's disease is usually caused by a congenital absence or underdevelopment of the Auerbach plexus in the wall of a particular section of the colon, resulting in impaired innervation of the tissues of the organ. The smooth muscular tissue is the first and most severely affected; it gradually changes dystrophically without motor pulses so that the zone of intestine devoid of innervation does not peristalsis and does not push intestinal contents through its lumen. The overlying parts of the large intestine are exposed to increased functioning which leads to hypertrophy of the wall and dilatation of the intestinal lumen.
Isolated injuries to the spleen in children
Abstract
The issue of closed injuries of the spleen in children has not yet been sufficiently discussed in the literature. From 1950 to 1968, 70 children aged from 5 to 16 years were operated on in our hospital for closed injuries of the spleen, of which 45 (40 boys and 5 girls) had isolated ruptures.
On the prolonged course of intestinal coli infections in children
Abstract
Acute gastrointestinal diseases in infants, especially in the first year of life, are most commonly caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli. The clinical picture of coli infection is characterised by a polymorphism of symptoms; the course of the disease is both acute and prolonged. To elucidate causes of prolonged course of coli infection we used clinical observations, accompanied by repeated stool examination for pathogenic E. coli strains (026, 055, 0111, 145), by standard bacteriological and fluorescent serological methods, and statistical data. We considered as protracted forms of the disease cases in which children had liquid stools for more than 30 days from the beginning of the disease.
Retinal detachment during diascleral removal of magnetic foreign bodies
Abstract
We analysed the medical records of 53 patients who had undergone magnetic diascleral surgery followed by removal of the eye and whose histological examination revealed retinal detachment. The patients were predominantly young men (20-40 years old). The vast majority of the patients were admitted to inpatient treatment early (1-3 days) after the injury.
Access to epi-metaphyseal foci of the distal femur
Abstract
In focal tuberculous lesions of the knee, epi-metaphyseal foci of the femur are the most difficult to access because they are often located in the posterior or posterolateral regions of the femur. We have not found any description of access to such foci in the literature. Our work is based on radiological examination and dissection of adult cadaveric knee joints after infusion of arterial vessels with contrast media.
The immunogenetic concept of late toxicosis in pregnant women
Abstract
Many hypotheses and theories have been proposed over the years to explain the etiology and pathogenesis of this severe complication of pregnancy. The immunological theory of late toxicosis in pregnant women was proposed a long time ago. Proponents of the allergic hypothesis were a number of domestic scientists (K. K. Skrobansky, K. P. Ulezko-Stroganova, A. I. Serebrov, M. A. Petrov-Maslakov) who, based on pathomorphological and experimental studies, created a coherent theory of late pregnancy toxicosis due to maternal sensitization by chorionic elements.
The clotting system in women with toxaemia in the second half of pregnancy
Abstract
We studied changes in the clotting system in pregnant women with late toxicosis. The work was carried out at the Leningrad Dispensary for Pregnant Women. A total of 130 women, 85 first-born and 45 second-born, were under observation. A total of 113 women were terminated at term, 9 prematurely, 8 with a rescheduled pregnancy. Fifty-six pregnant women had a history of obstetric complications (abortions, miscarriages, haemorrhages in previous births).
We divided the observed women into 4 groups according to the severity of toxemia and analysed changes in the clotting system.
Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on serotonin activity in pregnant women
Abstract
Ultraviolet irradiation in the last 1.5-2 months of pregnancy in women has become widely used in practice as one of the most effective means of specific prevention of rickets. It is known that under the influence of ultraviolet rays the 7-dehydrocholesterol present in the skin is converted into vitamin D3. In addition, ultraviolet rays have a stimulating effect on the body through the nerve endings of the skin and internal organs.
Involvement of the sympatho-adrenal system in post-abortion septic process
Abstract
The aim of our work was to study the functional state of the sympathetic-adrenal system in patients with post-abortion sepsis. Thirty-eight patients were examined: 20 with postabortion septicemia, 9 with septic peritonitis and 9 with bacterial shock. All patients recovered in group 1, 2 died in group 2, and 3 died in group 3.
About medical anesthesia for childbirth
Abstract
In our clinic over the last 17 years new variants of pharmacodynamic pain management in labour have been widely used. This takes into account not only the analgesic activity of these pharmacodynamic options, but also their labor-accelerating effect, mainly on the duration of the first period of labour. Moreover, we have seen that combinations of modern analgesics and antispasmodics, which have protective effects on uterine motility in labor, are also effective means of preventing a variety of disorders of uterine contractility, preventing uterine muscle fatigue and manifestations of uterine contractions discoordination.
Our experience of colpopoiesis for vaginal aplasia
Abstract
Free autografting of a thin skin flap taken by a dermatome seemed promising to us. This was convinced by the successes of modern plastic surgery. In developing this method of forming an artificial vagina, we considered one of the main objectives to eliminate the shrinkage of the vaginal walls and narrowing of the vaginal lumen.
On uterine sarcomas
Abstract
The issue of uterine sarcomas is poorly understood. This seems to be due to the relative rarity of the disease. In the Russian literature, uterine sarcoma was first described by N.F. Tolochinov in 1869. Then about 45 reports of single cases were published, and in 1949 A.S. Apetov cited 22 cases of sarcoma without indication of the histological structure of the tumour.
Detection of pulmonary tuberculosis activity by means of a modified RPE delivered with tuberculin
Abstract
We have made an attempt to detect pulmonary tuberculosis activity by means of a modified RPE (MROE) reaction delivered with tuberculin. The reaction is based on a modification of RPE proposed by A. M. Efman (1938, 1940, 1948). The reaction is based on a modification of the RPE method proposed by Efman (1938, 1940, 1948), the essence of which is to perform RPE after adding lysates of various organs to the blood sample.
Intestinal dysbiosis in children with chronic pneumonia
Abstract
In the treatment of chronic pneumonia, antibiotics are at the top of the list. To date, observations have accumulated about the adverse effects of antibiotic therapy on the normal microflora of the human gut. We examined children with chronic pneumonia who were in a sanatorium. Bacteriological diagnosis of intestinal dysbacteriosis was guided by the guidelines presented in the methodological materials of the Moscow Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology.
Changes in secretory and motor function of the stomach in peptic ulcer patients under the influence of ultrasound
Abstract
We studied secretory and motor functions of the stomach in 84 patients with peptic ulcer disease (age, 19-50 years) before and after a course of ultrasound therapy in a complex of sanatorium treatment. The patients received diet no. 1, a circular shower every other day and ultrasound therapy.
On the secretory function of the pancreas in diabetes mellitus
Abstract
We studied excretory function in 85 patients with diabetes mellitus: 27 with a mild form of the disease, 42 with a moderate and 16 with a severe form. The disease was first diagnosed in 22 people, in 14 patients it lasted up to a year, in 15 - up to 3 years, in 11 - up to 5 years, in 15 - up to 10 years, in 8 - over 10 years. There were 14 men and 71 women. There were 5 under 20 years old, 28 from 21 to 50 years old, 43 from 51 to 70 years old and 9 older.
Management of intestinal paresis in spilt peritonitis
Abstract
We studied 40 patients with acute purulent peritonitis (age, 1 to 82 years). Reasons of peritonitis development were the following diseases: acute appendicitis - in 24 patients, acute cholecystitis - in 3 patients, pinched hernia and adhesive intestinal obstruction - in 7, perforation of the stomach and duodenum - in 3, cancer of abdominal organs - in 2, thrombosis of small intestine mesentery vessels - in 1, abdominal trauma with intestine injury - in 3. All the patients underwent surgical intervention with the abdominal cavity lavage with furacilin solution and drainage. Total 44 operations were performed, 27 of which - under anesthesia by A.V. Vishnevsky, 12 - under ether-oxygen intubation anesthesia, 5 - under combined anesthesia.
Colocystoplasty with a demucosal cut
Abstract
Reconstructive plastic surgery of the urinary tract is one of the current problems of modern urology. We aimed to develop a more rational method of bladder plasty with a section of large intestine, and to study the onset of changes in the resected bladder and intestinal graft. In the search for optimal methods of surgical interventions on the bladder, we used the method of closing extensive bladder defects with a flattened demucosal segment of the colon on a vascular stalk.
Chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws according to the materials of the clinic
Abstract
We analyzed the study materials of 256 patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws, 16 of whom had radio-osteomyelitis. In addition to chronic odontogenic osteomyelitis of the jaw, there are also osteomyelitis of the jaw, which is caused by the use of radiation energy to treat tumors of the maxillofacial region. Such lesions of the jaw are referred to as radiation osteomyelitis or radiosteomyelitis.
On the comparative assessment of calibration tables for the Maclakov tonometer
Abstract
In recent years a number of tables for the Maclakov tonometer have been proposed by various authors in our country and abroad. The task before us was to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed tables and to select one of them for application in practice.
On the surgical technique for bilateral testicular hydrocele
Abstract
The available manuals on operative surgery provide accesses designed for intervention for diseases on one side only; there are no descriptions of single-stage surgical techniques for bilateral diseases. Ginzburg suggests a transverse incision on the anterior surface at the root of the scrotum in such cases.
On prostate haemcoagulatory factors
Abstract
We examined 24 prostate glands taken from cadavers and 14 prostatic adenomas removed during surgery. The extracts were prepared at the rate of 1 g per 9 ml of physiological solution. Their haemocoagulatory properties were studied by conventional methods.
Giving birth to a healthy baby with anthrax
Abstract
Human anthrax is a relatively rare occurrence. It is even more difficult to find anthrax in a woman at the time of childbirth. I. S. Bezdenezhnykh and L. N. Devyatova believe that in very rare cases intrauterine anthrax infection is possible. However, we found no such reports in the available literature. We observed the birth of a healthy child from a woman with anthrax.
Huge lymphangioma of the neck in a newborn baby
Abstract
V., 20 days old, admitted 30/1 1967 with a congenital progressively enlarging tumour in the right supraclavicular region. The general condition of the child is moderately severe. Weight - 6 kg. Inspiratory dyspnea. Number of breaths - 22 per minute. No other thoracic or abdominal pathology was found.
Acute intestinal infections
Abstract
Despite great advances in the control of infectious diseases, acute intestinal infections are still very common. Of course, in the elimination of infectious diseases, in particular the group of acute intestinal diseases, the main role belongs to preventive measures, but in the overall set of anti-epidemic measures of essential importance is the therapeutic section of the work. This article highlights some issues of the clinical picture of dysentery and food poisoning. Early diagnosis of an infectious disease is the main factor in the effectiveness of the whole complex of anti-epidemic measures.
On the application of failure theory in medicine
Abstract
Failure theory has been intensively developed over the last 5-7 years and is being used to investigate the causes of failure in complex technical systems. This talk aims to show the possibilities and ways of using this theory in medicine. Before turning to specific examples, let us briefly outline some basic concepts.