Vol 72, No 2 (1991)
Theoretical and clinical medicine
Qualitative characteristics of the flow-volume curve in patients with acute pneumonia
Abstract
The qualitative characteristics of the flow-volume curves were studied in 50 patients with acute pneumonia with concomitant bronchitis. It has been established that the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of forced expiratory curves in the "flow-volume" ratio are complementary and should be used in the diagnosis of patients with a pulmonological profile.



Clinical and functional features of chronic bronchitis in agricultural workers
Abstract
We examined 337 patients with chronic bronchitis - agricultural workers, of which 203 were exposed to adverse occupational factors. In patients of the main group, more pronounced manifestations of bronchial obstruction, violations of the relationship between the most important indicators of the immune status, disorders of erythropoiesis and lipid metabolism were revealed. When carrying out therapeutic measures, active restoration of bronchial patency, the use of influences aimed at correcting the immune status, the processes of erythropoiesis and lipid metabolism are necessary.



Comprehensive bronchological examination in intensive diagnostics of patients with lung cancer
Abstract
The results of the application of aspiration biopsy under local anesthesia using a system of guided catheters in combination with bronchography in diagnostics are presented.
lungs and in 75.4% - peripheral. Bronchographic changes were detected in all patients with central cancer and only in 14 out of 105 patients with peripheral cancer. Among 30 patients with decaying cancer, in 56.6% of cases it was possible to contrast the decay cavity. The proposed complex research method, applicable in outpatient settings, should be mandatory in the intensive diagnosis of lung diseases.



Temporal and volume-velocity indicators of filling of the left ventricle
Abstract
The temporal and volume-velocity parameters of left ventricular (LV) filling were studied in 39 healthy and 35 patients with CIHD, divided into subgroups based on positive (+) or negative (–) increase in the total amplitude of the R wave (∆εR) at the height of dosed physical activity. The most pronounced pathological changes in filling dynamics were noted in the group of patients with CIHD with a positive ∆ƩR. The relationship between ∆ƩR and the state of LV diastolic function was revealed. Apparently, changes in the amplitude of the R wave during dosed physical activity can reflect the state of the functional reserve of the myocardium.



Method of objectification of post-mortem differential diagnosis of coronary heart disease, acute alcohol poisoning and alcoholic myocardial dystrophy
Abstract
A mathematical program has been created to improve and objectify the differential diagnosis of coronary heart disease, alcoholic myocardial dystrophy and acute alcohol poisoning. More than 100 cases of sudden death were analyzed using computer technology. The advantages of the method are its simplicity and the possibility of using it in any forensic medical examination bureau and in pathoanatomical practice.



Intraoperative perfusion cholangiomanometry in assessing the functional state of the sphincter of Oddi
Abstract
A new method of intraoperative diagnostics of the functional state of the sphincter of Oddi is proposed. The method is based on registration of sphincter irritations caused by hydrochloric acid solution. This allows you to differentiate reversible and irreversible changes in the terminal section of the common bile duct. 76 studies were conducted in patients with various pathologies of the major duodenal papilla. Based on the obtained sphincterograms, groups of patients were identified and the scope of surgical intervention was determined.



A method for the differential diagnosis of inflammatory and functional forms of lesions of the biliary system in children
Abstract
A new method for the differential diagnosis of inflammatory and functional forms of lesions of the biliary system in children is described. This method is based on the reduction reaction of nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT-test). With cholecystitis, the values of the NBT test increase, with dysfunction, they are within the normal range.






Duodenogastric reflux and features of its treatment in chronic gastroduodenitis in children
Abstract
In the clinical picture of duodenogastric reflux, established during endoscopic examination in 88 patients with chronic gastroduodenitis (age from 5 to 15 years), two different variants were identified - hyperkinetic and hypokinetic with pyloric insufficiency. Duodenogastric reflux is preferably treated with acupuncture. If this is not possible, it is advisable to combine drug treatment with courses of laser reflexology.



Experience in the diagnosis and treatment of acute intestinal obstruction
Abstract
The results of treatment of acute intestinal obstruction in Tatarstan for 30 years were analyzed. A direct dependence of the outcomes of the operation on the timing of admission of patients to the hospital from the moment of the disease was revealed.



Possibilities for improving the results of surgical treatment of postoperative ventral hernias
Abstract
In order to improve the immediate long-term results of surgical treatment of postoperative ventral hernias, the abdominal cavity was prepared for increased pressure, special preparation of the skin in the area of the surgical field, local nutrition was supplied to the autodermal graft, and the optimal choice of the plasty method was carried out. The number of postoperative complications, relapses and postoperative mortality decreased.



On the role of uteroplacental circulation in the origin of a large fetus
Abstract
A comprehensive study of the morphological and functional features of the placenta of a large fetus and the intensity of uteroplacental blood flow was carried out to determine the state of the blood supply to the fetus and its role in the genesis of macrosomia. It has been established that macrosomia occurs in women with intense uteroplacental blood flow.






About the causes of hypogalactia in women
Abstract
Natural feeding in the first year of life is of great importance for the normal physical development of the child, the correct formation of his psycho-emotional sphere. At present, despite the success in studying various nutritional formulas for artificial feeding, all domestic and foreign pediatricians recognize the benefits of breastfeeding and are its ardent supporters. However, the number of children who receive early supplementary feeding and are transferred to artificial feeding is still high. The main reason for the transfer of infants to artificial feeding is hypogalactia - reduced secretory ability of the mammary glands. It is important to study the causes of hypogalactia, the development of effective methods for its prevention and treatment.






Dynamics of Plasma Fibronectin in Patients with Acute Isolated and Combined Traumatic Brain Injuries
Abstract
The level of plasma fibronectin was studied in 30 patients with acute isolated and combined traumatic brain injury. Both isolated and combined traumatic brain injury is accompanied by a significant decrease in the concentration of bioactive fibronectin. It was found that hypofibronectinemia is most pronounced in patients with concomitant traumatic brain injury.



Oxyprolinuria in patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Abstract
The parameters of collagen metabolism in blood plasma and urine were studied in 53 patients with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, depending on the period and severity of the course of the disease. The data obtained indicate significant disturbances in collagen metabolism in this disease.



A new method for the laboratory diagnosis of whooping cough
Abstract
A new method for the laboratory diagnosis of whooping cough has been developed, based on the detection of anti-pertussis antibodies in saliva by the reaction of lamellar stained latex microagglutination (RPOLMA). According to the degree of detection of patients with whooping cough, it is not inferior to the serological method and surpasses the bacteriological one. The RPOLMA method has the following advantages: it is non-traumatic, excludes the possibility of infection through medical instruments with AIDS and hematite B viruses associated with taking blood, and reduces the time of the study by 5-7 days. It is recommended as a method of rapid diagnosis of whooping cough.



Chickenpox in children treated with long-term immunosuppressants
Abstract
The clinical course of chicken pox was studied in 7 patients who were treated for a long time with immunosuppressants for a number of major serious diseases (acute leukemia, Werlhof's disease, chronic nephritis). In 5 children, chickenpox had bullous and generalized forms. In one case there was a lethal outcome. All patients with leukemia experienced an exacerbation of the underlying disease on the 15-16th day of the course of chicken pox. It is recommended that immunosuppressants received by the child for the underlying disease should not be canceled with chickenpox; moreover, do not reduce their doses.



The role of myoepithelial cells in the morphogenesis of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands and their identification
Abstract
The morphogenesis of 15 pleomorphic adenomas was studied. Identification of myoepithelial cells was carried out by immunohistochemical method using polyclonal antibodies to myosin, human carbonic anhydrase III, monoclonal antibodies to proteins of intermediate filaments of cytokeratin polypeptides No. 8 (clone H 1), No. 17 (clone E 3) and No. 18 (clone C 12). Myoepithelial, epithelial and other cells are involved in the morphogenesis of the studied tumors. It is recommended to use antibodies to myosin, carbonic anhydrase III, keratins No. 8, 17, 18 in the diagnosis of pleomorphic adenomas of the salivary glands.



Single point anesthesia for nasal septum surgery
Abstract
The technique of conducting anesthesia is described and its anatomical rationale is given from one point during a septum operation performed for a hematoma of the nasal septum. This anesthesia is performed taking into account the anatomical features of the structure, blood supply, innervation of the nasal septum, and therefore it allows submucosal resection of the nasal septum painlessly, economically in time, by introducing an anesthetic subperchondrium.



Reviews
Skin therapeutic systems - a new way of introducing drugs into the body
Abstract
A convenient and common way of introducing drugs into the patient's body is the use of tablets, powders, solutions through the mouth into the stomach. However, it is well known that this route has a number of significant disadvantages: a long latent period, local irritant effect on the mucous membrane, a negative effect on the motor function of the gastrointestinal tract, the primary passage through the liver, which significantly reduces the effectiveness of drugs. In addition, a number of drugs simply cannot be administered in this way due to their destruction in the gastrointestinal tract or the impossibility of passing unchanged through the gastrointestinal tract into the blood. It is also important that the absorption of the drug introduced into the stomach is difficult to stop without the use of any emergency measures - gastric lavage, the appointment of laxatives.



Postoperative complications in transosseous compression-distraction osteosynthesis
Abstract
Treatment of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system with external fixation methods has been practiced for a long time and is deservedly considered one of the most effective in the arsenal of orthopedic traumatologists. For the first time, transosseous osteosynthesis with the simplest apparatus was used in 1629 by Fabricius Hildanus. A qualitatively new stage in the development of transosseous osteosynthesis is observed at the beginning of this century. Since the 1950s, the method of extrafocal compression-distraction osteosynthesis has been widely used in world practice and is constantly being improved.



Short articles
A case of early pelvic-brachial progressive muscular dystrophy with severe heart involvement
Abstract
Progressive muscular dystrophies (PMD) are a group of hereditary diseases characterized by a primary dystrophic process in muscle tissue. The peculiarity and characteristics of cardiac disorders depend both on the nosological form with a characteristic muscle pathology for each of them, and on the stage, severity of the course of the disease and the mass of the affected muscles, and circulatory failure is less pronounced than damage to skeletal muscles.



Giant posterior mediastinal cyst simulating congenital heart disease
Abstract
Tumors and cysts of the mediastinum can cause dysfunction of any organ located in this anatomical region. We give an example of the development of a clinical syndrome of congenital heart disease in a giant cyst of the posterior mediastinum.



Activity of enzymes of glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway and transport ATPases in erythrocytes in diabetes mellitus
Abstract
The present study is devoted to the study of the state of activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH), hexokinase (HA), pyruvate kinase (PC), the total activity and isoenzyme spectrum of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in erythrocytes, the total activity of ATPase, Na+ , K+ and Mg2+ -dependent ATPase in erythrocyte membranes, the level of immunoreactive insulin in blood plasma, the content of glucose in blood plasma and erythrocytes of patients with diabetes mellitus.



Ultrasound in the diagnosis of acute cholecystitis
Abstract
Currently, ultrasound (ultrasound) is given great attention in the recognition of acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity. This is due to its safety, non-invasiveness, short and easy for the patient period of study, and most importantly, high information content and the possibility of dynamic control with its help without significant adjustments to the patient's condition.



Bilateral adrenalectomy in Itsenko-Cushing's disease
Abstract
We have personal experience of performing 36 operations on the adrenal glands in 31 patients, which were performed from 1971 to 1988. 5 patients (2 men and 3 women aged 21 to 36 years) with Itsenko-Cushing's disease underwent bilateral total staged adrenalectomy with autotransplantation 2-4 pieces of adrenal glands into the subcutaneous tissue.



Direct inguinal hernia in children
Abstract
As you know, a direct inguinal hernia is called a hernia that protrudes the peritoneum in the region of the medial inguinal fossa and penetrates into the inguinal canal outside the spermatic cord through the inguinal gap. It is always acquired.



External subtalar dislocation of the foot with interposition of the tendon of the posterior tibial muscle
Abstract
Since in the available literature we have not found a single description of an irreducible subtalar dislocation of the foot, in which the tendon of the posterior tibial muscle was an obstacle to repositioning, we consider it appropriate to present one of our observations.



The value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy
Abstract
In some cases, it is very difficult to establish abdominal pregnancy according to a clinical examination. Ultrasound echography may play a leading role in the diagnosis of this pathology.
We present our observation confirming the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of full-term abdominal pregnancy.









Clinical course of viral hepatitis B in a patient with post-abortion endometritis complicated by staphylococcal sepsis
Abstract
In the literature, there are few data on purulent-septic manifestations in viral hepatitis. A number of authors point to the prognostic value of bacteremia in liver cirrhosis. It is known that as liver failure increases, prerequisites for bacterial-viral reinfection appear.



Leptospirosis due to Leptospira Pomona
Abstract
Leptospirosis infection (like a number of other infectious diseases) has moved to the level of sporadic cases. This made it much more difficult to identify it, and, accordingly, attention to it was lost on the part of practitioners. In our opinion, cases of leptospirosis are not so rare, they just usually pass under other diagnoses.



Social hygiene and healthcare management
Experience in organizing a pediatric ophthalmological service in Naberezhnye Chelny
Abstract
In the city, which has 160 thousand children, by 1989 there was an extremely unfavorable situation with the provision of ophthalmic care to them. In a specialized kindergarten for the treatment of strabismus and amblyopia, 6 children's oculists work (that is, 6.5 staff units are employed against the standard 16.5). Due to the shortage of personnel, large queues were created for an appointment with a doctor, who worked with great overloads (having no material interest).



Epidemiology



New methods and rationalization proposals
Modification of the Rodnyansky-Gupalov device for the surgical treatment of scoliosis
Abstract
Among the many corrective devices for the treatment of scoliosis by technical means, the most plastic and less traumatic corrective effect on the spine is exerted by the titanium plate of the device by L. L. Rodnyansky - V. K. Gupalov. It is effective for scoliosis up to 30° [1]. With scoliosis III-IV degree and superscoliosis (over 50°), this device is ineffective and, moreover, it does not eliminate the torsion of the spine. The cosmetic hump remains.



History of medicine



Obituary
Professor Moishe Zelmanovich Sigal
Abstract
On October 2, 1990, Professor Moishe Zelmanovich Sigal, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR and the TSSR, Head of the Department of Surgery and Oncology of the Kazan Institute for Postgraduate Medical Education named after V.I. Lenin, suddenly died.



Chronicles
Chronicle. Volume 72 Issue 2 1991
Abstract
From 24 to 26 October 1990 Kyiv hosted the IV All-Union Symposium on Immunology of Reproduction with international participation.
President of the International Association for Immunology of Reproduction Prof. S. Izojima et al. (Japan) presented the characterization of human sperm surface antigens.


