Vol 50, No 1 (1969)

As you know, only nasal respiration is considered physiological [10, 11]. For the normal functioning of the lungs, for the implementation of sufficient gas exchange, it is necessary that the inhaled air, upon entering the upper respiratory tract, meets a certain resistance, which entails the tension of the respiratory muscles necessary for breathing [10]. As you know, the area of ​​the nasal cavity accounts for 47% of the resistance of the entire respiratory tract. In addition, the nasal cavity is one of the most important regulators of the excitability of the respiratory center. Hence it is clear that any change in the patency of the nose leads to a breakdown of a number of functions. Switching off nasal breathing leads to a decrease in intrapleural pressure by 25-30%, and this, in turn, causes an insufficient excursion of the lungs. When nasal breathing is turned off, the normal nasopulmonary reflex disappears (K. A. Shukarev), the protective function of the nose drops out. DI Zimont believes that the fact that insufficiency of nasal breathing plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory diseases of the lungs is undoubted, since breathing through the mouth causes constant irritation of the respiratory tract, leading to the development of catarrhal phenomena.

We studied changes in the phase structure of left ventricular systole in chronic nonspecific lung diseases in 42 women and 64 men. At the age of up to 40 years, there were 57 patients, from 40 to 50 years - 45 and older - 4. The patients did not have clinical signs of cardiosclerosis, which made it possible with a greater degree of certainty to associate disturbances in the functional state of the myocardium with pulmonary pathology.

The state of the vessels of the pulmonary circulation is an important factor in deciding the expediency of surgical intervention in patients with mitral heart disease.

We used 244 acts of forensic medical research of those who suddenly died from hypertension and atherosclerosis in 1960-1965, which amounted to 11.8% of the total number of autopsies and 71.1% of all suddenly died adults.

Corticosteroids have taken a strong place in the treatment of rheumatism, and their positive effect on the clinical manifestations of the disease is generally recognized. However, to date, there is no consensus regarding their dosage and the necessary timing of use in the treatment of rheumatic attack.

In 1946-1948 we studied the effectiveness of rehabilitation treatment for disabled veterans of the Patriotic War based on the materials of the Kazan Institute of Orthopedics and Reconstructive Surgery (director - prof. L. I. Shulutko) and analyzed 1433 case histories.

The number of patients with adhesions in the abdominal cavity has not decreased until recently. Two thirds of all patients with acute intestinal obstruction suffer from adhesive disease [5]. According to RA Zhenchevsky (1965), adhesions and adhesions in 76% are the cause of acute and chronic intestinal obstruction. The frequency of postoperative adhesions in the abdominal cavity reaches 60-92%. Mortality in acute intestinal obstruction in the last 15 years ranges from 18 to 20% [4, 6, 7], and after operations for adhesive intestinal obstruction is 22.2% [8].

We observed 8 men and 49 women with specific mesoadenitis. At the age of up to 20 years, there were 4 patients, from 21 to 30 years old - 14, from 31 to 40 years old - 22 and older - 17. With a prescription of the disease from 1 year to 5 years there were 18 patients, from 5 to 10 years old - 17, from 10 to 15 years - 12, from 15 to 20 years - 2 and more - 2.

This report is based on the analysis of the immediate and long-term results in 169 women operated on in 1964-1966. in the gynecological department of the 2nd city hospital of Kazan for cystic benign tumors of the ovary and vapor, as well as for ectopic pregnancy.

We studied the dynamics of cutaneous pain sensitivity thresholds in different periods of labor, their relationship with the intensity of pain. The technique for assessing the intensity of pain was described in detail in the previous message [5].

The idea of a visual study of the state of the pelvic organs in a woman belongs to D.O. Ott, who in 1901, with the help of special mirrors, carried out such a study for the first time during vaginal abdominal surgery. The author highly appreciated the visual method for examining the pelvic organs in gynecology. In 1903 he wrote: "What was done by touch and blindly before the introduction of this method of illumination is now done under the control of the eye."

Difficulties in diagnosing acute and especially chronic pyelonephritis require improving the methods of detecting this disease. In the daily practice of medical institutions, quantitative methods of studying urine sediment are increasingly being introduced, as well as supravital staining of urine sediment in order to identify active leukocytes and Sterngheimer-Malbin cells.

Appendicular infiltration as a complication of acute appendicitis is common. The diagnosis of infiltration is usually made on the basis of history, timing and clinical presentation. Particular attention should be paid to the diagnosis of infiltration in the elderly, while oncological alertness is necessary.

The transfusion of blood taken from a patient a few days before the operation was used by Zilberberg in severe operations. In the Soviet Union, this method was applied in 1934 by S. L. Doshoyants. 3-4 days before the operation, 150-200 ml of blood was taken from the patient from a vein, mixed with a solution of sodium citrate and stored in a refrigerator. During the operation or immediately after it, with appropriate indications, this blood was infused into the patient intravenously.

The issue of the development of pregnancy in the myomatous uterus occupies a prominent place in the world literature.

Under our supervision there were 48 men and 117 women aged 37 to 65 years old, patients with hypertension. 113 patients had II A stage. diseases and in 52 - II B Art. Blood pressure ranged from 140/90 to 240/140.
On admission to the hospital in the first 2-3 days, the patients were given the usual sedatives. They were then given treatment with reserpine, hypothiazide, or a combination of these drugs.

We used a tuberculous bacteriophage obtained in 1964 by prof. B.L. Mazur, in the hospital of the Republican TB Dispensary in 34 patients with fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis, in 5 with cavernous tuberculosis, in 8 with hematogenous disseminated, in 10 with infiltrative pneumonic and in 1 with focal.

B., 38 years old, was admitted to the emergency department on 12 / XI 1967 with complaints of severe paroxysmal pain in the right lumbar region with irradiation to. perineum and groin, dysuric phenomena. Similar attacks occurred earlier on the right, then on the left side. Not previously examined.

The study was carried out on 28 male rabbits, of which 18 received cholesterol of 0.2 g per 1 kg of body weight for 135 days.

Little is currently known about the etiology of acute pancreatitis. In most cases, it is not possible to establish the cause of acute inflammation of the pancreas. The absence of obstruction in the excretory bile ducts, the main condition of ductal hypertension, makes one think about the relative importance of this factor in the etiology of acute pancreatitis [35, 44]. Obviously, this circumstance was the reason for the search for new prerequisites for the onset of this disease.

At present, new forms and methods of teaching are being sought in the higher medical school. Published works of domestic and foreign authors concerning the organization of medical education (B.V. Petrovsky, 1966; S. Ya.Chikin and S.S. Mikhailov, 1966; I.P. Lidov, 1967; D. Sinclair, 1955; P. Ryob, 1958; P. Lee, 1962; D. Anderson and F. Roberts, 1965, and others), reports at the III World Conference on Medical Education (1966) contain the idea that modern systems of medical education in all countries do not correspond the requirements of health care and the state of medical science and practice. Some researchers come to the conclusion that despite significant progress in medical science, medical education systems, curricula of higher medical schools and teaching methods have essentially remained unchanged for a long time. In recent years, in connection with the rapid increase in the volume of information and the invariability of curricula, forms and methods of teaching, there is a serious concern about the quality of training of specialists. Therefore, the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, by a decree of 3/9/1966 "On measures to improve the training of specialists and improve the management of higher and secondary specialized education in the country" set the governing bodies of universities and teaching staffs of educational institutions the task of further dramatically improving the quality of training. taking into account modern production, science, technology and the prospects for their development. Despite the great successes of the domestic higher medical school during the 50 years of Soviet power, the quality of the training of doctors at the present time does not correspond to the increased requirements of healthcare practice and the achievements of medical science. There is a lot of formalism in the forms of education, the so-called "examiner's direction" of teaching often flourishes, in which the student is required not to master knowledge, not to be able to apply it in practice, not to develop practical skills, but only to memorize the textbook material for a test or exam. In the clinics of many institutes, there are no student educational laboratories in which a student could do all modern diagnostic and therapeutic manipulations, research and tests. Therefore, he does not have a need, a need to independently study a number of applied issues of the discipline, to think and practically try to apply the theoretical information received to the patient he supervises. In many departments, the Q&A method thrives in the classroom. In institutes, the ability for systematic independent work is poorly developed, a sense of dignity and self-esteem is poorly implanted in students, which require high special knowledge and moral qualities from a person.

Thanks to advances in science and technology, especially in chemistry and physics, medical institutions are being enriched with new laboratory techniques and the latest diagnostic equipment. The doctor has the opportunity to receive such information about the patient and his illness, which he did not dare to dream about 40-50 years ago.

As a mass survey, the state of blood pressure was studied in workers at the Spartak leather and shoe factory and the Teplocontrol precision mechanics plant. The survey technique was consistent with the one proposed by the Institute of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences and the WHO.

On state farms, the number of industrial injuries per 100 workers decreased in 1966 in comparison with 1963 by 4%.

In May 1948, at the polyclinic No. 5 in Kuibyshev, we opened the first in the Union office-dispensary for hypertensive patients. Subsequently, we opened 9 more such offices in the city of Kuibyshev and some cities of the Kuibyshev region. In 1962 they were reorganized into cardio-rheumatological ones. Two dispensary offices (at the polyclinic No. 5 and the medical unit of the plant) were not reorganized, but provided to us as experimental bases for the study of medical examination mainly of patients with essential hypertension.

Pyotr Arkadievich Glushkov, the son of a zemstvo doctor, was born in 1880 in the village of Melekess, Samara province.

A simple and safe method of aspiration biopsy of the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract gives the doctor the opportunity to perform an intravital morphological examination. The work under review is the first Russian monograph on this topic. It was written by one of the pioneers and ardent promoters of this method.

The conference was attended by 700 delegates. The conference was opened by the head of the USSR M3 State Economic University AV Pavlov. More than 120 reports were presented at 5 plenary and 4 sectional sessions.