Vol 63, No 4 (1982)

Clinical, cytochemical, and rheological features of the neonatal period were studied in 460 children from mothers suffering from rheumatism or having suffered late toxicosis of pregnant women. On the basis of impaired adaptive reactions, changes in the enzymatic spectrum of blood cells and disorders of microcirculatory mechanisms, children at risk were identified. 50 of them underwent preventive therapy in the neonatal period. The follow-up indicates a lower infectious index during the first year of life in children who received preventive therapy.

The analysis of the clinical features of pneumonia that developed in 120 premature infants was carried out. The role of the pathology of the perinatal period in the pathogenesis of pneumonia is shown. Recommendations for the treatment of patients are given.

The dynamics of the development of 68 children born with a small fontanelle was observed. The level of their physical and mental development was the same as that of the children of the control group. Some of the examined patients showed signs of rickets (32.5% in children with small fontanelles and 35.3% in the control group). The problem of prophylaxis of rickets in children with small frontal fontanelles is discussed.

Examination of 145 healthy children aged 1 month to 2 years was carried out. In 101 (69 6%) children, intestinal dysbiosis of varying severity was revealed. The frequency of detection and the degree of its severity depend on the age, type of feeding, the period since the last illness, and the number of antibacterial drugs taken earlier.

The main reasons for the late diagnosis of chronic kidney disease in children are analyzed. Two clinical observations are given that clearly show that the sources of errors in pediatric nephrology are, firstly, insufficient attention of the doctor to the slightest signs of kidney dysfunction or their incorrect assessment; secondly, the difficulties arising in chronic glomerulonephritis, proceeding in the form of the so-called primary chronic forms of illness, the onset of which cannot be accurately established according to the history of the disease; thirdly, situations associated with chronic disease are extremely difficult in the differential diagnostic plan kidneys, which are observed in some cases.

The activation of the kinin system of the blood in diseases of the respiratory system leads to an increase in the inflammatory response in the respiratory tract, causes bronchospasm to a large extent, and has an inhibitory effect on the function of the ciliated epithelium. There are no unequivocal judgments about the therapeutic effect of prednisolone in obstructive bronchitis and bronchiolitis in the literature. There is a negative answer to this question. At the same time, the beneficial effect of corticosteroids on pulmonary mechanics in bronchiolitis was noted.

When studying various pathological conditions, the method of studying microcirculation is being increasingly used. There is evidence that the state of small vessels can serve as a diagnostic sign of changes in the tone of the macrovascular system. This report presents the results of studying the microvasculature of the conjunctiva of the eyeball in children with autonomic syndromes of puberty, in which vascular disorders are practically an obligatory component. We have not come across similar information in the available literature.

The analysis of errors in the diagnosis and treatment of 49 children with intestinal intussusception is carried out according to the case histories. The most common causes of diagnostic errors are incorrect assessment of bloody discharge from the rectum, insufficiently careful examination of the patient, poor use of additional research methods, neglect of preoperative preparation in a serious condition of the child, inappropriate choice of anesthesia method and improper postoperative management of patients.

The paper presents the results of a study of the lipid spectrum of breast milk and blood serum in 48 women with different functional activity of the thyroid gland. A decrease in certain lipid fractions in blood serum and in breast milk in women with altered thyroid function was established. A definite regulating effect of the thyroid gland on the lipid composition of breast milk and blood serum was established.

The serotonergic blood reaction was studied in three periods of childbirth in 89 women in labor (50 patients with heart disease and 39 healthy women in labor). Of these, 49 women in labor (30 patients and 19 healthy ones) received electroanalgesia in the 1st stage of labor. Electroanalgesia in childbirth helps to ensure minor fluctuations in the serotonin content in the blood, reduce the intensity of labor pain, stabilize the functional state of the mother's cardiorespiratory system, shorten the duration of labor, reduce the amount of drugs administered and prevent bleeding in the 3rd stage of labor. The effectiveness of electroanalgesia is significantly increased when combined with electrosleep treatment c. period of pregnancy. The simplicity and availability of electroanalgesia, its effectiveness and the absence of side reactions make it possible to recommend its use not only in healthy people, but also in women in labor with cardiovascular pathology

In 46 children with heart defects of the Fallot group upon admission to the hospital and on the operating table, the concentration of the main classes of immunoglobulins M, G, A was studied in the blood serum by the method of radial immunodiffusion. It was found that according to the content of immunoglobulins, patients can be divided into 3 groups: with normal, decreased and high immunological indicators. During their stay in the hospital prior to the surgical correction of the heart defect, no improvement in the content of immunoglobulins was observed. On the contrary, in patients with reduced immunological parameters, there was a further decrease in the amount of IgG.

The tranquilizer mebikar in patients with neuroses, in healthy people, as well as in an experiment on animals, does not reduce muscle strength and physical performance and does not disturb coordination of movements. In persons with initially reduced mental performance, mebikar normalizes them. Single and course administration of the drug insignificantly affects blood pressure and pulse rate. According to the set of indicators, the difference between the effects of mebicar and benzodiazepine tranquilizers was established, which makes it possible to determine the place of the drug in differentiated psychopharmacotherapy.

In 70 patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities, the state of the venous bed of the femoral-iliac segment was studied by methods of proximal pelvic and retrograde-femoral phlebography. The characteristic radiological signs of varicose veins were found: ectasia of the iliac and femoral veins, failure of the valve of the sapheno-femoral anastomosis with reflux of the contrast agent into the great saphenous vein, aneurysmal dilatation of the mouth of the great saphenous vein, partial or complete insufficiency of the valves of the femoral vein. It was found that in 35.7% of cases, the cause of the development of hypertension and varicose veins of the saphenous veins was segmental narrowing of the veins and compression of the femoral vein in the region of the pupar ligament, various extravasal compression of the main veins of the femoral-iliac segment with bone protrusions, a cross-passing artery, and an enlarged uterus. It is recommended, when studying the venous hemodynamics of the lower extremities, simultaneously with the use of distal phlebography, to carry out a contrast study of the pelvic veins

We tried to find out what effect the previous allergization of the body has on the relationship between allergy and immunity in children with dysentery. To solve this problem, two groups of children with dysentery were examined - with allergic (1st) and unchanged (2nd) body reactivity. In parallel to the study of the features of the clinical course of the disease, cellular factors of increased sensitivity (blast transformation of lymphocytes, leukocytolysis reaction), indicators of humoral immunity (Ig M and G) were determined and a skin test with dysenterin was performed.

In the children's infectious diseases hospital in Kazan on inpatient treatment in 1980-1981. there were 46 children with intestinal coli infection 0-142. Their late admission to the hospital should be noted. So, out of 46 patients in the first 3 days from the onset of the disease, 16 children were admitted, from 4 to the 6th day of the disease - 18, later than the 6th day from the onset of the disease - 12 people.

Hypervitaminosis D is one of the serious complications that can result from the treatment or prevention of rickets in young children. Along with the lungs, they emit moderate and severe toxic forms of the disease. Mild forms often go unrecognized; patients with a severe form, as a rule, are sent to the hospital.

Sinusoidal modulated currents (SMT), the basis of which is an alternating current with a frequency of 5000 Hz, in turn modulated into pulses with a frequency of 10 to 150 Hz and a depth of 0 to 100%, have a deep penetrating effect without causing strong irritation and burning under the electrodes , which allows them to be used in young children (from 1 month after birth). Exposure to these currents improves the functional state of the neuromuscular apparatus, in particular, increases its pathologically reduced electrical excitability, and in case of spastic paralysis, lowers muscle tone for several hours.

The degree of functional stress of the body in the conditions of modern production is determined primarily by the severity and intensity of labor, in connection with which these factors and their influence on the incidence of illness with temporary disability in 1449 female workers of mechanical shops in the mass production of motorcycles who worked on the same worker were studied. place for at least 4 years.