Vol 61, No 3 (1980)

From the very beginning of the creation of the world's first socialist state, the protection of the health of the people was placed among the most important affairs and goals of the Communist Party and the Soviet government. Already in the second Party Program, developed under the leadership of V.I.Lenin and adopted in March 1919 by the VIII Congress of the RCP (b), the main tasks of Soviet health care for a long historical period were determined. "The basis of its activities in the field of public health protection," says the program, "the RCP (b) believes, first of all, to carry out broad health and sanitary measures aimed at preventing the development of diseases."

In patients with cholecystopancreatitis, indications for urgent surgery should be considered the ineffectiveness of conservative intensive treatment, signs of increasing intoxication and the development of destructive changes in the gallbladder or pancreas, symptoms of diffuse peritonitis.

The features of structural liver disorders in echinococcosis and some clinical manifestations of this disease have been studied. Clinical and atomic classification of liver echinococcosis is proposed. The morphofunctional pathology of the organ caused by the parasitic echinococcus is described. Some explanations are given on the forms of the construction of diagnoses at the present stage.

The experience of treating 107 patients with esophageal trauma is generalized. The main diagnostic method was clinical and X-ray examination. Esophagoscopy was performed in unclear cases and to remove foreign bodies. For non-penetrating lesions, conservative treatment is effective. In case of perforation, the wound was sutured or the esophagus resected at an early stage, and drainage operations were performed at a later date. The mortality rate was 15%. The main causes of death were severe complications due to late diagnosis.

Under the influence of therapy with anabolic and antispasmodic drugs in patients with peptic ulcer, pain syndrome and dyspeptic symptoms are eliminated or reduced, and the functional state of the stomach improves. As a result of the treatment of patients in the shift dispensary, the frequency of exacerbations of the disease in the long-term period decreases.

The venous circulation was studied in 94 patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the leg bones using phlebography, phlebotonometry and rheography. The phenomena of venous insufficiency, the causes of which were thrombotic changes in the deep veins and their consequences, were discovered.

The dependence of the clinical course of dental caries on the state of nonspecific resistance of the organism was revealed. In accordance with clinical and laboratory parameters, chronic, acute and acute forms of the course of uncomplicated caries in children were identified. The indications for pathogenetic therapy in the acute course of this disease have been determined.

In women with a severe form of late toxicosis of pregnant women, a decrease in the volume of circulating blood, plasma, globular volumes, total circulating proteins and total circulating hemoglobin was found. Intensive therapy, including sedative, antihypertensive, alkalizing agents, replacement solutions (rheopolyglucin, hemodez, protein substitutes), had a beneficial effect on the volumetric parameters of the blood, which led to the leveling of the main volemic parameters and a decrease in pathological hemoconcentration.

In industrial conditions, workers in many industries are exposed to various substances contained in the air of working rooms: inorganic and organic dust, irritating gases, allergens, microbes-producers, etc.

A comparative assessment of the sanitary condition of the dwellings of the Tatar rural population was carried out according to the data of 1904, 1928 and 1972-1976. The changes that have taken place in individual elements of the villager's dwelling speak for themselves. Thatched-roof huts are a thing of the past.

For a number of years, we have observed 112 patients with dusty respiratory pathology (65 men and 47 women over 30 years old). 98 of them were diagnosed with stage I silicatosis and 14 with chronic dust bronchitis.

The state of the biliary tract was studied according to the biochemical study of the duodenal contents in 63 patients with chronic tonsillitis at the age of 5 to 14 years. The control group consisted of 15 healthy children of the same age.

The Na / K coefficient of saliva obtained from the parotid glands as a result of dosed irritation of the oral mucosa with citric acid solutions was determined in 43 patients with chronic cholecystitis in the phase of exacerbation of the disease (before treatment) and in 39 patients in remission (after conservative treatment and cholecystectomy). ). In the phase of exacerbation of the disease, the Na / K coefficient of saliva turned out to be reduced, and in the phase of remission, it was statistically significantly increased.

In case of intoxication with organophosphorus compounds (FOS), a hypoxic state develops in the body. Hypothermia increases tissue resistance to oxygen deficiency. The aim of this study was to study the adenyl system of the brain in case of armin poisoning under conditions of preliminary moderate cranial hypothermia.

Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in children are very diverse in etiological structure, clinical manifestations and age characteristics, which makes their diagnosis extremely difficult. Congenital developmental defects are especially difficult. As an example, we give a case of multiple, congenital malformations.

The study of air pollution of the city with the exhaust gases of vehicles was carried out. It was found that in the central part of the city, where traffic is more intensive, the concentration of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, benzo (a) pyrene in the air is higher than in new industrial areas. A direct dependence of the concentration of these substances on the intensity of the traffic flow has been revealed. The results obtained indicate the need for measures to reduce air pollution.

The social and hygienic characteristics of the planning structure of the residential area and the improvement of rural dwellings are presented. The correspondence of various types of buildings to the needs of the rural population is discussed. A number of measures have been proposed to optimize social and hygienic factors in the improvement of rural settlements.

The Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology as an independent clinical institution emerged in 1920 on the basis of an orthopedic-prosthetic infirmary and was one of the first sons-in-law of the departments of the Kazan Clinical Institute for Advanced Training of Doctors named after V.I. V.I. Lenin. Subsequently, it turned out to be the foundation on which the scientific school, the training system for practical doctors were formed, and the principles of prevention and treatment of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system were developed.

The article of one of the oldest perinatology specialists S.M.Bekker is relevant and touches upon very important problems. Recently, many neonatologists, general pediatricians, neuropathologists, psychoneurologists, speech therapists, etc., have shared the opinion about the need to assess the quality of the work of obstetric hospitals based on the long-term results of children's health. .. At what cost is the reduction of perinatal mortality sometimes achieved, perhaps at the cost of saving a damaged child in some cases? "

The program of the 1st All-Union Congress of Infectious Diseases was devoted to topical issues of intestinal infections

The book under review is devoted to one of the topical issues of modern traumatology and orthopedics. A large contingent of patients on an outpatient visit to an orthopedist is made up of persons with painful conditions, sometimes referred to as "shoulder-scapular periarthritis", then "painful shoulder", then "shoulder-hand" syndrome, etc. Often such patients are in hospital for a long time.

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Tatar ASSR, for merits in the development of medical science, fruitful pedagogical and social activities, the honorary title of Honored Scientist of the Tatar ASSR was awarded