Vol 61, No 3 (1980)
Healthcare in Soviet Tatarstan is on the rise
Abstract
From the very beginning of the creation of the world's first socialist state, the protection of the health of the people was placed among the most important affairs and goals of the Communist Party and the Soviet government. Already in the second Party Program, developed under the leadership of V.I.Lenin and adopted in March 1919 by the VIII Congress of the RCP (b), the main tasks of Soviet health care for a long historical period were determined. "The basis of its activities in the field of public health protection," says the program, "the RCP (b) believes, first of all, to carry out broad health and sanitary measures aimed at preventing the development of diseases."
Diet treatment of patients who underwent cholecystectomy
Abstract
The clinical forms of the so-called postcholecystectomy syndrome were studied in 210 patients who underwent cholecystectomy. Taking into account the peculiarities of impaired exocrine liver function and concomitant diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, 2 (variants of the 5th diet, differing in the amount of fat and carbohydrates, energy intensity and degree of mechanical sparing) were prescribed.
Surgical tactics for cholecystopancreatitis
Abstract
In patients with cholecystopancreatitis, indications for urgent surgery should be considered the ineffectiveness of conservative intensive treatment, signs of increasing intoxication and the development of destructive changes in the gallbladder or pancreas, symptoms of diffuse peritonitis.
Clinical and anatomical rationale for papillosphincterotomy
Abstract
The rationale for choosing the most appropriate way to complete choledochotomnia is presented. It is recommended to perform a total paggylosphincterotomy with an incision opening to a wide part of the bile duct. Dissection of the large duodenal nipple from 15 to 25 mm allows you to create an anastomosis with an optimal diameter, which ensures the normal outflow of bile and pancreatic juice.
Classification of liver echinococcosis
Abstract
The features of structural liver disorders in echinococcosis and some clinical manifestations of this disease have been studied. Clinical and atomic classification of liver echinococcosis is proposed. The morphofunctional pathology of the organ caused by the parasitic echinococcus is described. Some explanations are given on the forms of the construction of diagnoses at the present stage.
Diagnostics and surgical treatment of damage to the esophagus
Abstract
The experience of treating 107 patients with esophageal trauma is generalized. The main diagnostic method was clinical and X-ray examination. Esophagoscopy was performed in unclear cases and to remove foreign bodies. For non-penetrating lesions, conservative treatment is effective. In case of perforation, the wound was sutured or the esophagus resected at an early stage, and drainage operations were performed at a later date. The mortality rate was 15%. The main causes of death were severe complications due to late diagnosis.
Treatment of patients with peptic ulcer disease in a sanatorium and its economic efficiency
Abstract
Under the influence of therapy with anabolic and antispasmodic drugs in patients with peptic ulcer, pain syndrome and dyspeptic symptoms are eliminated or reduced, and the functional state of the stomach improves. As a result of the treatment of patients in the shift dispensary, the frequency of exacerbations of the disease in the long-term period decreases.
On temporary disability and disability after gastric resection for peptic ulcer
Abstract
According to the follow-up data, inpatient examination and VTEK materials, temporary disability and disability were studied in 102 patients of working age who underwent gastric resection (observation period - up to 5 years). Defects in the work of VKK and VTEK were noted, which resulted in too long (more than 3 months) stay of many operated on the certificate of incapacity for work, a high percentage of disability and unreasonable overestimation of disability groups without taking into account the general condition of patients and professional affiliation. Approximate criteria for temporary disability and disability of operated patients have been developed.
On the diagnosis of chronic venous insufficiency in osteomyelitis of long bones
Abstract
The venous circulation was studied in 94 patients with chronic osteomyelitis of the leg bones using phlebography, phlebotonometry and rheography. The phenomena of venous insufficiency, the causes of which were thrombotic changes in the deep veins and their consequences, were discovered.
On the timing of the provision of specialized care in the treatment of multiple and combined fractures of the facial bones
Abstract
The results of treatment of patients with multiple and concomitant injuries of the facial skull and closed craniocerebral trauma were analyzed. In view of the fact that maxillofacial surgeons show a certain caution due to fear of aggravating the general and neurological status, the stay of patients in the hospital is lengthened. It is proposed to bring closer the terms of providing specialized care to this contingent of patients, which will improve the functional effect of the jaw-chewing apparatus and reduce the duration of disability.
Clinical forms of dental caries
Abstract
The dependence of the clinical course of dental caries on the state of nonspecific resistance of the organism was revealed. In accordance with clinical and laboratory parameters, chronic, acute and acute forms of the course of uncomplicated caries in children were identified. The indications for pathogenetic therapy in the acute course of this disease have been determined.
Iron deficiency in premature babies in the first two years of life
Abstract
According to the results of a study of the content of iron in the liver and spleen of premature stillborn infants and determination of its amount in daily urine in premature infants, a deficiency of fetal reserves of this element was established, which leads to the development of anemia. The necessity of specific prophylaxis with medicinal iron is substantiated.
Two-stage correction of circulating blood volume in pregnant women suffering from late toxicosis
Abstract
In women with a severe form of late toxicosis of pregnant women, a decrease in the volume of circulating blood, plasma, globular volumes, total circulating proteins and total circulating hemoglobin was found. Intensive therapy, including sedative, antihypertensive, alkalizing agents, replacement solutions (rheopolyglucin, hemodez, protein substitutes), had a beneficial effect on the volumetric parameters of the blood, which led to the leveling of the main volemic parameters and a decrease in pathological hemoconcentration.
On the hygiene of rural dwellings in the Tatar ASSR
Abstract
A comparative assessment of the sanitary condition of the dwellings of the Tatar rural population was carried out according to the data of 1904, 1928 and 1972-1976. The changes that have taken place in individual elements of the villager's dwelling speak for themselves. Thatched-roof huts are a thing of the past.
Hygienic assessment of working conditions in the production of home refrigerators
Abstract
The technological process of making home refrigerators consists in sequential, in-line procurement of parts, their mechanical and chemical processing, painting and assembly. A large number of different types of raw materials and chemical components are used (metal, plastics, enamels, varnishes, organic solvents, thinners, glass wool).
About the frequency of cholelithiasis
Abstract
Based on materials from the Bureau of Forensic Medicine and Prosectures of five clinical hospitals in Saratov for 1967-1976. the autopsy protocols of 26,993 deaths at the age from the first days of the postnatal period to 109 years were studied. Stones were found in 663 of them (2.5%). In Western Europe and the United States, the frequency of stone-carrying is much higher - 10-20% (data from Magyar, 1962, and Glenn, 1971).
About the diagnosis of polycystic liver disease
Abstract
Diagnosis of polycystic liver disease is still an urgent and far from resolved problem. The absence of pathognomonic signs often leads to errors in the diagnosis. And only with surgery or autopsy, the truth is revealed. Therefore, individual clinical observations are of interest.
Na / K ratio of parotid saliva in patients with cholecystitis
Abstract
The Na / K coefficient of saliva obtained from the parotid glands as a result of dosed irritation of the oral mucosa with citric acid solutions was determined in 43 patients with chronic cholecystitis in the phase of exacerbation of the disease (before treatment) and in 39 patients in remission (after conservative treatment and cholecystectomy). ). In the phase of exacerbation of the disease, the Na / K coefficient of saliva turned out to be reduced, and in the phase of remission, it was statistically significantly increased.
The technique of suturing perforated gastric and duodenal ulcers
Abstract
The technique we offer allows hermetically to "tighten" ulcers of any size without fear of cutting through the inflamed tissue. It is equally important that suturing in 1 row does not lead to deformation of the organ, especially the pyloric part of the stomach and duodenum. The suturing method does not depend on the size of the perforated hole and the location of the injury.
Influence of cranial hypothermia on the course of intoxication with anticholinesterase FOS
Abstract
In case of intoxication with organophosphorus compounds (FOS), a hypoxic state develops in the body. Hypothermia increases tissue resistance to oxygen deficiency. The aim of this study was to study the adenyl system of the brain in case of armin poisoning under conditions of preliminary moderate cranial hypothermia.
A case of multiple congenital malformations in a child
Abstract
Diseases of the gastrointestinal tract in children are very diverse in etiological structure, clinical manifestations and age characteristics, which makes their diagnosis extremely difficult. Congenital developmental defects are especially difficult. As an example, we give a case of multiple, congenital malformations.
Hygienic assessment of thermal neutralization of acrylate production waste
Abstract
The hygienic regime in the area of operating installations for incineration of acrylate production wastes, the effect of emissions from incinerators on the environment, the degree of toxicity of the salt melt formed during the incineration of liquid waste, and the working conditions of workers employed in this process have been studied.
Role of vehicles in air pollution
Abstract
The study of air pollution of the city with the exhaust gases of vehicles was carried out. It was found that in the central part of the city, where traffic is more intensive, the concentration of carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, benzo (a) pyrene in the air is higher than in new industrial areas. A direct dependence of the concentration of these substances on the intensity of the traffic flow has been revealed. The results obtained indicate the need for measures to reduce air pollution.
Calculation method for determining the maximum permissible concentration of industrial chemicals in the air
Abstract
A method for predicting the maximum permissible concentration values using an original nomogram is described, which allows to determine their possible value with a probabilistic estimate of the lower and upper forecast boundaries at ß - 0.95.
Socio-hygienic assessment of the reorganization of rural settlements of the Tatar ASSR
Abstract
The social and hygienic characteristics of the planning structure of the residential area and the improvement of rural dwellings are presented. The correspondence of various types of buildings to the needs of the rural population is discussed. A number of measures have been proposed to optimize social and hygienic factors in the improvement of rural settlements.
Clinical examination of patients with oligophrenia who have committed socially dangerous acts
Abstract
Taking into account the emotional-volitional disorders in the criminal behavior of mentally retarded persons, five types and two variants of an oligophrenic defect were identified. The possibilities of social adaptation of oligophrenics depending on the type of defect are considered. It was noted that almost half of the oligophrenics were not registered at the time of the primary tort, and 40% of the patients were not registered even after the commission of dangerous actions. Measures are proposed to improve dispensary services for mentally retarded persons with socially dangerous tendencies.
The main results of the activities of the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Kazan State Pedagogical University named after V. I. Lenin
Abstract
The Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology as an independent clinical institution emerged in 1920 on the basis of an orthopedic-prosthetic infirmary and was one of the first sons-in-law of the departments of the Kazan Clinical Institute for Advanced Training of Doctors named after V.I. V.I. Lenin. Subsequently, it turned out to be the foundation on which the scientific school, the training system for practical doctors were formed, and the principles of prevention and treatment of injuries and diseases of the musculoskeletal system were developed.
Regarding the article by S. M. Becker "Some topical issues of modern obstetrics and ways to solve them"
Abstract
The article by S. M. Becker is devoted to the really topical issues of modern obstetrics. Therefore, it arouses interest, and not only among obstetricians, but also among pediatricians and pathologists. Some provisions of the article, expressed by such an authoritative specialist, require discussion.
ABOUT THE ARTICLE BY S. M. BECKER "SOME TOPICAL ISSUES OF MODERN OBSTETRICS AND THE WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTION"
Abstract
The article of one of the oldest perinatology specialists S.M.Bekker is relevant and touches upon very important problems. Recently, many neonatologists, general pediatricians, neuropathologists, psychoneurologists, speech therapists, etc., have shared the opinion about the need to assess the quality of the work of obstetric hospitals based on the long-term results of children's health. .. At what cost is the reduction of perinatal mortality sometimes achieved, perhaps at the cost of saving a damaged child in some cases? "
Painful shoulder, humeral-scapular periarthritis and shoulder-hand syndrome
Abstract
The book under review is devoted to one of the topical issues of modern traumatology and orthopedics. A large contingent of patients on an outpatient visit to an orthopedist is made up of persons with painful conditions, sometimes referred to as "shoulder-scapular periarthritis", then "painful shoulder", then "shoulder-hand" syndrome, etc. Often such patients are in hospital for a long time.