Vol 52, No 2 (1971)
Pathogenesis of primary glaucoma
Abstract
The literature on the pathogenesis of primary glaucoma is extremely extensive, and there are a wide variety of, often totally conflicting, views. A wealth of evidence has accumulated describing the general state of the body in glaucoma patients and the local changes in the eye. The individual parts of the pathogenesis of the glaucomatous process, especially of closed angle glaucoma, have been studied in detail. However, there is currently no general theory of pathogenesis that satisfactorily explains all of the above key facts. Below we present a concept which we have reported and discussed at the joint meeting of the Problem Commission for Ophthalmology of the RSFSR Ministry of Health and the Scientific Council of the Moscow Helmholtz Moscow Research Institute of Eye Diseases in May 1970.
Effect of adrenaline and adrenoblockers on defibrillating discharge on the heart
Abstract
For the success of the clinical application of cardiac defibrillation it is very important to understand the causes of 'post-conversion' rhythm abnormalities. One of these is that electrical shocks can cause myocardial K loss. It is therefore recommended that in such cases K, panangin (potassium magnesium aspartate), should be administered. Electrical shocks can also irritate the intrathoracic sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.
Use of Inderal in patients with angina and myocardial infarction
Abstract
The activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which increases heart rate and myocardial oxygen demand, is now considered to be of great importance in the onset of angina attacks. The sympathetic nervous system activates cells through its mediators, whose interaction with cell receptors results in a specific response.
Effect of ether and fluorotonic anaesthesia on peripheral circulation in hypertension
Abstract
The widespread introduction of modern methods of general anaesthesia into medical practice has significantly expanded the indications for surgical interventions under anaesthesia in hypertensive patients. In this regard, the choice of the main anesthetic for anaesthesia in persons with arterial hypertension is of particular importance, as its pharmacodynamic properties largely determine the changes in the circulatory system observed during surgery and anaesthesia.
Liver rheography in patients with mitral stenosis
Abstract
Circulatory insufficiency continues to be a major problem in cardiology. Its severity and the ability to compensate for impaired cardiac function in patients with cardiac defects not only determine whether these patients return to work, but also their vitality.
Arterial oscillography for varicose veins of the lower limbs
Abstract
We have found no data in the literature on the state of the arterial system in varicose veins of the lower limbs, on haemodynamic changes at rest and during exercise. In our studies, we applied the well-known method of arterial oscillography, but in a slightly modified form, which allowed us to identify a number of regularities in hemodynamics in this condition.
Effect of direct haemotransfusions on the clotting system of leukaemia patients
Abstract
Direct blood transfusions are becoming increasingly popular in the treatment of patients with blood pathologies, and their clinical efficacy is being investigated predominantly. The indications in the literature on the hemostatic effect of direct blood transfusions in leukemia patients in most cases are not confirmed by laboratory examination of the blood coagulation system; only sporadic studies present changes in individual parameters of haemocoagulation after transfusions. Therefore, we conducted a comprehensive study of coagulological shifts following direct blood transfusions in 34 leukemia patients.
Excretion of 5-oxyindoleacetic acid in rheumatism in children
Abstract
According to experimental data, in addition to mediators of the nervous system, biogenic amines play an important role in the development of several inflammatory and allergic reactions, among which serotonin (5-oxytryptamine) is of particular interest. Free serotonin is rapidly oxidised by monoamine oxidase and excreted in the urine as 5-oxyindoleacetic acid (5-OAICA). 5-OAIC accounts for about 50% of serotonin metabolism. The amount of 5-OAIC excreted in the urine is an indication of the intensity of serotonin metabolism in the body.
On the fate of eficillin in the body and its effectiveness in non-specific bronchopulmonary diseases
Abstract
One of the most commonly used and effective antibiotics is penicillin. However, this antibiotic, when administered normally (intramuscularly) and circulating in sufficient concentrations in the blood, does not penetrate into the lung tissue and especially into the lumen of the bronchi.
Redox processes in patients with chronic purulent lung disease before and after surgery
Abstract
A certain amount of under-oxidised products, constantly excreted through the kidneys, circulate in the blood even in practically healthy persons. In chronic suppuration both in the tissues and in the blood under-oxidised products accumulate in quantities exceeding their normal content. With increasing severity of the pathological process in the body is formed even more unoxidized products of metabolism, which inhibit the normal activities of cells and tissues.
Diagnosis of allergy to tuberculostatic agents
Abstract
The study of the side effects of anti-tuberculosis drugs is fraught with significant difficulties, since in the context of combined chemotherapy it is sometimes difficult to determine the effect of which drug substance should be attributed to the appearance of certain symptoms. It is somewhat easier to determine the "culprit" of toxic side effects, for some of their manifestations are quite specific for different tuberculostatic drugs. It is much more difficult when signs of drug allergy appear, the clinical manifestations of which do not have specific features for this or that drug, and in rare cases may even appear on the administration of some drugs when sensitized to others.
Sonic examination of the thyroid gland
Abstract
An idea of goitre vascularisation is gained from the examination and palpation of the thyroid gland. In diffuse toxic goiter the vessels are sometimes so developed that the pulsation of the goiter or of individual tortuous and dilated arterial trunks can be clearly detected, usually in the branching area of the superior thyroid vessels. In addition to the pulsation, a characteristic trembling or vascular buzzing is palpated in such cases.
Diagnostic value of the separate creatinine concentration index
Abstract
Separate assessment of the functional capacity of each kidney in renal and urinary tract surgery is of great practical importance. It helps to substantiate the diagnosis, outline rational therapeutic tactics, and provide an objective basis for prognosis in operated patients.
Basic principles for treating open bone fractures
Abstract
An open fracture is a complex, combined form of injury with damage to the skin, soft tissue and skeleton, sometimes to blood vessels and nerves. All of the injured tissues are permeated by a common wound canal, which is a site of entry for various germs. Open fractures account for 8-10% of all injuries. These injuries often require amputation to save the victim's life.
Treatment of diaphyseal fractures of the shoulder
Abstract
In the traumatology department of the Kuibyshev City Central Hospital. From 1957 to 1966 we treated 156 patients (60 males and 96 females, mean age 51 years) with diaphyseal fractures of humerus (20,1% of all shoulder fractures). There were 5 patients with open fractures and 151 with closed fractures; the left shoulder was injured in 85 and the right shoulder in 71. In 33 patients a shoulder fracture was combined with other severe injuries: 16 with fractures of other bones, 12 with injuries of the radial nerve, and 5 with concussion of the brain.
Radical and restorative treatment for tuberculous spondylitis
Abstract
Radical surgical treatment of tuberculous spondylitis can successfully eliminate specific inflammation in the spine and soft tissues. However, the remaining postoperative cavities in some cases exacerbate the functional failure of the spine. Even with a favorable outcome of radical surgical treatment for tuberculous spondylitis, spinal deformities may develop in the future. These consequences of tuberculous spondylitis pose a threat, especially with widespread destructive processes.
On the neurological manifestations of closed craniocerebral injuries
Abstract
In the present study, we sought to identify features of the neurological manifestations of the acute period of closed craniocerebral injuries with subarachnoid haemorrhage. Most of the patients examined (92 out of 102) were admitted to the clinic in severe condition. Fifty-five patients were in a state of somnolence and 37 were in a coma of varying degrees. The duration of impairment of consciousness varied and ranged from a few minutes and hours (84 patients) to several days (8 patients).
Some issues of topical diagnosis and therapeutic tactics in lumbar spine osteochondrosis
Abstract
Degenerative-dystrophic lesions of the lumbar spine are the most frequent etiological factor for a variety of algic and other syndromes occurring in this area. Despite certain successes of conservative therapy of this disease, a significant group of patients still requires surgical treatment. In this report, we will focus on some diagnostic and therapeutic issues in this group of patients.
About cramped muscle tightness in lumbar osteochondrosis
Abstract
We examined 116 patients with lumbar osteochondrosis, of whom 31 men and 23 women aged 22 to 72 years had crumpies. In patients with lumbar osteochondrosis with a history of cramps, indications of diseases of the central nervous system and the gastrointestinal tract are more common than in patients without cramps (the difference is statistically significant).
The properdine system in premature babies
Abstract
Non-specific immunological reactivity of the child is of great importance in the early stages of development. This reactivity mechanism forms the initial defence of the organism against pathogenic pathogens, combating them before the emergence of specific, acquired immunity. The state of non-specific resistance is very important for children in the first months of life, especially for premature babies, because their specific immunological reactivity is reduced. We therefore set out to investigate the properdine system in preterm infants.
The course of tuberculous meningitis in children
Abstract
Improvement of the system of services for children, registration and constant monitoring of children from TB foci, and compulsory TB vaccination have led to a significant decrease in the incidence of TB and especially TB meningitis. Modern methods of treatment of tuberculous meningitis, while reducing the mortality rate and improving the prognosis of the disease, have at the same time changed its course. We observed 117 patients with tuberculous meningitis. Half of our patients were under the age of 3 years, among whom children of the first year of life accounted for 40%.
Synchronous recording of FKG and ECG of an intrauterine fetus in pregnant women with essential hypertension and late toxicosis
Abstract
Maternal hypertension has an adverse effect on foetal development and is one of the most common causes of perinatal mortality in children. The most accessible and accurate indicator of fetal status in utero and during labour is the fetal heart rate. With the introduction of fetal phono-electrocardiography (FECG) into obstetric practice, it has become possible to study the fetal state on the basis of objective assessment of fetal cardiac activity.
Comprehensive treatment of inflammatory processes of the internal female genitalia
Abstract
Fifty patients aged between 19 and 50 years were examined and treated. There were 27 patients with acute, subacute and chronic inflammation of the uterine appendages in the acute stage, 9 with chronic out-of-stage inflammation and 14 with inflammatory tumours. Of the 27 patients in the 1st group, there were 14 first-time cases. 11 patients were taken by ambulance in a moderate state, with phenomena of pelveoperitonitis. The genitals of these patients showed great morphological changes.
Gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland in patients with dysfunctional uterine bleeding
Abstract
We studied the gonadotropic function of the pituitary gland in 19 women aged 22 to 39 years with dysfunctional uterine bleeding. Gonadotropin levels were determined in 24-hour urine samples (305 studies) daily or every other day for 4-5 weeks according to the method of Decanski (1949) modified by G. С. Stepanov (1961). The control group consisted of 3 healthy women aged 29-30 years in whom urinary gonadotropin excretion was determined daily during one normal menstrual cycle (92 tests). For the final determination of gonadotropins, the mouse-uterine technique of Levin-Tindal (1937) was used.
Infantilising conditions and tumours of the female genitalia
Abstract
We made observations (1959-1969) on 402 women with sexual infantilism. All of them (with the exception of 14 who were not sexually active) complained of infertility. 398 women were treated for infantilism in various ways. Results of treatment were obtained from 357 (89.7%) women. The criteria for cure we considered the enlargement of the uterus to be normal, disappearance of painful sensations during menstruation, restoration and settlement of menstrual and childbearing functions. Positive results were obtained in 169 (47,3) women. However, in the course of treatment 16 (4.45%) women developed fibroids and 10 (2.8%) developed tumour-like masses in the uterine appendages.
Estrogenic hormones and uterine cancer
Abstract
We studied estrogen content by the fractional method according to Brown et al, which allows detecting small amounts of estrogen, in 34 patients with stage I-II uterine cancer. Fourteen women (age 50 to 72 years, mean age 59.5 years, all menopausal from 2 to 25 years) had uterine corpus cancer, and 20 (age 33 to 58 years, mean age 48 years) had cervical cancer. Six of them had preserved menstrual function (mean age, 40 years), six had menopause (mean age, 49 years) and eight had been in menopause for 2-11 years (mean age, 53 years).
Hydrocortisone electrophoresis in the treatment of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Abstract
Many domestic and foreign authors report on the successful use of hormonal drugs in combination with antibacterial and chemotherapy drugs for various forms of tuberculosis. In the treatment of tuberculosis, the ability of corticosteroids is used to reduce inflammatory and allergic reactions, inhibit the development of connective tissue, and normalize metabolism in patients with adrenal hypofunction.
Common atherosclerosis with severe spinal impairment
Abstract
Circulatory disorders of the spinal cord are more common than commonly thought and in recent years have attracted increasing research attention. It can be caused by degenerative-dystrophic changes in the intervertebral discs and vertebrae, pathologies of the aorta and spinal cord vessels, and changes in the tissue surrounding the spinal cord vessels.
On some immunological changes in brain tumors
Abstract
The issues of immunology of brain tumors are poorly understood. In addition to primary specific tumor antigens, there are secondary ones, which can arise by secondary deposition of various substances on altered cells, as well as by "tumor necrosis", which is a possible cause of autoimmune changes. It should be borne in mind that the nervous tissue belongs to the so-called primary or natural endoallergens: this tissue was isolated from the general system of immunogenesis, and tolerance is not developed to it.
Effect of photocoagulation on eye temperature
Abstract
Application of photocoagulation for treatment of a number of eye diseases aroused keen interest among ophthalmologists. There are no works in literature, which sufficiently reflect changes of temperature regime during irradiation of normal eye and pathological processes in it. We studied temperature of different parts of eyeball in 20 mature grey rabbits (40 eyes) under retinal photocoagulation and optical iris photocoagulation.
Epidural administration of dexamethasone for discogenic lumbosacral radiculitis
Abstract
According to modern concepts, the leading role in the pathogenesis of lumbosacral radiculitis belongs to spinal osteochondrosis. In addition to the mechanical factor, reactive-inflammatory changes in the musculoskeletal apparatus and ischemic vascular disorders in the roots play an important role in the occurrence of radicular syndrome. Allergic factors also play an important role.
Use of proteolytic enzymes for the prevention of traumatic osteomyelitis of the lower jaw
Abstract
Traumatic osteomyelitis in mandibular fractures occurs in 11-33% according to various authors. To prevent suppuration in the bone wound and the occurrence of traumatic osteomyelitis in mandibular fractures, we have been using crystalline lyophilised preparations of trypsin and chymotrypsin since 1968. 10 mg of the preparation was dissolved in 4 ml of physiological solution and administered intramuscularly 5 mg (2 ml of solution 2 times a day).
On recurrence of trigeminal neuralgia with surgical treatment
Abstract
Admittedly, the main obstacle to the successful and sustainable treatment of trigeminal neuralgia is its surprising propensity to relapse. The highest percentage of relapses is given by operations of bulbar tractotomy and "decompression" of the Gasser's node, the lowest - by radicotomy by temporal access. Hence it follows that the frequency of relapses largely depends on the method of surgical intervention on the trigeminal nerve system used.
Urokinase and prospects for its therapeutic use
Abstract
Fibrinolysis is the cleavage of fibrin by plasmin. The body's fibrinolytic system is regulated through complex reactions involving activating, activating and inhibitory substances. One way of increasing fibrinolytic activity is by introducing plasmin into the blood. In recent years its preparations under the name "fibrinolysin" have been obtained and found their application in clinical practice. No less important is the introduction of plasminogen activators - urokinase, lipopolysaccharides of bacterial origin and streptokinase. A special place in the medical arsenal is occupied by streptokinase for thrombosis.
Chronic bronchitis from grain dust
Abstract
Together with E.A. Mavrina we examined 424 workers at elevators in Saratov region. In 17% of those examined work experience with grain did not exceed 10 years, in 23.9% of them was more than 10 years and in 20% more than 20 years. Chronic upper respiratory tract diseases were diagnosed in 28.7%, including chronic bronchitis in 17%. The power of exhalation and inhalation was reduced in 69.3% of those examined. The earliest sign of the harmful effect of grain dust is the reduction of external respiration function, which, according to E.A. Mavrina (1966), is observed both in persons with chronic bronchitis and the initial stage of pneumoconiosis, and in persons without clinical signs of lung damage.
On autonomic tests to study chronic neurointoxication by organic solvents
Abstract
We surveyed 179 workers who had long-term occupational contact with toluene, alcohol, ether and acetone. The work experience ranged from 2 to 30 years or more. Workers who had or have a past or present illness with clear vegetative dysfunction were excluded from the study. Such diseases include cranial trauma, neuroinfections, chronic infectious processes, and thyrotoxicosis.
Morbidity with temporary disability of workers in ortho-toluidine production
Abstract
We studied the morbidity of workers in the production of ortho-toluidine for the years 1965-1967. The control group consisted of workers employed in auxiliary workshops of the same plant and not exposed to toxic substances. To exclude the influence of sex and age on the morbidity of the compared groups, homogeneous age and sex groups were selected. The morbidity indicators were statistically processed (not separately for each year, but for 3 years as a whole).
Impact of low concentrations of isoprene rubber products on workers' health
Abstract
The most promising of synthetic rubbers is isoprene rubber, which is identical to natural rubber in terms of the set of properties and structure. Although its production is mechanised and automated, various chemicals are periodically emitted into the air in low concentrations, of which dimethyl dioxane, formaldehyde, isoprene and isobutylene play the leading role. All of these substances have, to a greater or lesser extent, general toxic and irritant properties.
Setting up a pregnancy prevention centre
Abstract
The problem of population regulation is now being studied by the World Health Organization and a number of governments have adopted its programme into their national policies. In the Soviet Union, maternal and child welfare activities are aimed at enabling women to fulfil their maternal responsibilities, combining them with active participation in all areas of the industrial, state and public life of the country.
Posture disorders in pre-school children
Abstract
Good posture in pre-school and school-age children cannot be detached from concern for their health and physical development. Normal posture disorders begin at an early age. They can develop when a child is carried on one arm, when they sleep on one side, when furniture is not the right size for the child's height, inappropriate physical education, general hypotonia, rickets, chronic lung disease, etc.
Towards a methodology for studying the physical development of children
Abstract
When designing a physical development survey for children and adolescents, it is necessary to group the physical development features according to the age of the child or adolescent. The age is determined by comparing the date of birth with the date of the survey.
First All-Union Congress of Rheumatologists
Abstract
All the speakers spoke about the difficulties of diagnosis, stressing that early diagnosis determines the treatment tactics, course and outcome of the disease. A. I. Nesterov (Moscow) noted that the diagnosis of rheumatism is usually made at the stage of the disease, when the pathological process has overcome the adaptive reserves and the disease has received clinical expression. He recommends to carefully study the infectious history, minimal manifestations of the disease at sub-extreme influences on the patient's body, using immunological and biochemical reactions in dynamics, cardiovascular syndrome.