Vol 52, No 5 (1971)

The 24th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union was a major event in the life of the Soviet people, an important milestone in the construction of communism. The Congress summed up the results of the past five-year plan and developed a scientifically substantiated programme for the coming years. The Congress convincingly demonstrated the world-historical significance of communist construction in the USSR and demonstrated the advantages of the Soviet state system on the irrefutable facts of the life of the Soviet people.

Spontaneous regression of malignant neoplasms is known in both clinical and experimental tumour pathology. However, this is not universally accepted as a possible outcome of tumour disease; furthermore, there are many well-founded statements about the improbability of such a process.

Modeling was carried out according to the methods developed at the Department of Malignant Tumor Epidemiology and Medical Cybernetics Laboratory of the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Oncology of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences based on one of the principles of computer "training" for classification of complex situations proposed by the Institute of Automatics and Telemechanics of the USSR Academy of Sciences (the principle of forming a generalized class portrait, where a complex situation is a set of factors taking into account their mutual influence and interrelation chosen by a researcher to find out the role of this set in the genesis of one form of cancer (in this case of malignant lip tumors - one situation) and in norm (control group - another situation).

The course of colorectal cancer in 25-35% of patients is complicated by acute bowel obstruction. In some institutions, 75% of colorectal cancer patients are admitted for emergency surgery due to this complication. This situation makes the issue proposed for discussion an urgent one.

One of the modern methods that allow peripheral blood to be studied on a broad morphological scale is the leukoconcentration method. It can be used to increase the concentration of leucocytes in a preparation by a factor of 50-60 compared to the initial level, i.e. to achieve a concentration of bone marrow punctate cells. Haematologists have been using this method since the 50s to detect blood elements rarely seen in conventional tests.

Colorectal cancer has been occurring more and more frequently in recent years. From 1950 to 1964, 188 patients were operated on in our clinic with various localizations of colorectal cancer (except rectum), and 149 patients over the last six years, which indicates not only improved diagnostics and increased interest in this form of cancer from our side, but also an absolute increase in colorectal cancer.

The material for this work was the data on 490 women with stage I, II and III breast cancer, who were operated on radically in different Saratov hospitals during 13 years (from 1952 to 1964) and afterwards were admitted to Saratov municipal oncologic dispensary. We selected only patients with primary breast cancer whose diagnosis was confirmed by histological examination. The patients were followed up for 5 years.

At the Vishnevsky Institute of Surgery from 1961 to 1970, 34 patients (14 men and 20 women aged 9 to 67 years) with recurrent nephrolithiasis were observed. 15 patients were initially operated on in other medical institutions and 19 - in the Institute of Surgery. Nine patients had solitary recurrent stones, 10 had multiple stones, 15 had coral stones, 16 had right-sided stones, 7 had left-sided stones and 11 had bilateral stones.

Acute renal failure in poisoning is common, and mortality remains high despite modern treatment methods. A. Y. Pytel and S. D. Goligorski, K.T. Hovnatanyan and others believe that shock leading to renal ischaemia and anoxia is the main cause of acute renal failure in all types of poisoning, but direct nephrotoxic effect of poison on the kidney, and the involvement of an allergic component is not excluded. Acute renal failure develops most frequently in poisonings with acids and alkalis, salts of heavy metals, antifreeze, barbiturates, alcohol and its derivatives, organophosphorus compounds, chlorinated hydrocarbons, salicylates and sulphamides, plant poisons (mushrooms), etc.

To clarify the role of lymph circulation in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory process in the abdominal cavity we studied in experiments on 80 dogs and 65 rabbits the course of the experimental peritonitis in the conditions of the thoracic lymphatic duct ligation and drainage as well as the thoracic duct lymph flow in norm and in different terms of peritonitis development (after 3, 6, 12 hours and in the first 4 days). There were 8 dogs in each experimental group and 12 in the control group.

In the Clinic of General Surgery of Kuibyshev Medical Institute over 15 years (1955-1969) 1348 patients with different fractures of tubular bones were treated. 188 of them (145 men and 43 women at the age from 3 to 83 years) were treated with fresh and not healed fractures of femur diaphysis. Fractures in combination with injuries of other organs were in 50 patients (26.5%): in combination with craniocerebral injuries in 22 patients, with fractures of the pelvis in 5 patients, with injuries of other organs in 1 patient and with concomitant injuries of other organs in 22 patients. There were 165 closed fractures and 23 open fractures. The left hip was injured in 94 patients, the right hip in 92, and both hips in 2.

We studied the case histories of 56 adult patients with tuberculous meningitis (38 males and 18 females) who had been treated in the hospital of the Republican Anti-Tuberculosis Association since 1947.

The need to differentiate between pneumonia and pulmonary tuberculosis is quite common. In recent years, the diagnosis of these diseases has become more difficult. This is due to the fact that the differences in the clinical course of pneumonia and tuberculosis have become blurred. On the one hand, there is an increase in the frequency of sluggish pneumonia, and on the other hand, there is an increase in the number of persons with minor forms of tuberculosis.

Among the existing treatments for endometriosis patients, hormone therapy has attracted particular attention in recent years. Experimental and clinical observations have established that the growth and development of endometroid heterotopias occurs against a background of hormonal imbalance in the female body. An increased secretion of oestrogenic hormones and an insufficient function of corpus luteum hormone play a major role.

A simple and safe method of artificial vaginal formation with a kapron sieve on a polyethylene protector has been developed at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology No 1 of Kazan HIDUV. Experimental and clinical observations have shown that the kapron sieve becomes a matrix, along the cells of which first young granulation and then mature connective tissue and epithelial lining of the artificial canal are formed.

The main cause of uterine rupture is pathological changes in the uterus, of which postoperative scarring is the most important. It is therefore of great importance to assess the integrity of the postoperative uterine scar. Dual contrast and hysterography are effective methods for determining the completeness of the uterine scar.

Until now only 12% of those who come to our clinic for internal malignancies are curable, 25% can be treated with no guarantee of success and 63% of patients are not curable at all. This dictates that chemotherapy for malignant tumours must be administered in the oncology department of the outpatient clinic.

Sarcomas of the duodenum are very rare. By 1953, according to S.M. Freidlin, only 80 cases had been published in the world literature, followed by 3 more. More often the disease is diagnosed during surgery or at autopsy. Preoperative diagnosis is extremely rare. The clinical picture of sarcoma, like other tumours of this localisation, lacks sufficiently characteristic symptoms.

In view of the rarity of reports of torsion of the uterine appendages in hydrosalpinx, we decided to share our own observation. C., 47 years old, presented on 6/X 1970 with complaints of lower abdominal pain radiating to the right thigh and frequent urination. She had been ill for 14 hours after defecation.

The aim of our work was to study the temperature in the lumen of the rectum along its entire length. This will enable a more differentiated approach to the diagnosis of rectal disease.

F., 6 years old, was admitted on 25/V 1970 from a rural district hospital for urinary retention. The boy was restless, capricious, complained of strong urge to urinate, pain in the lower abdomen. For 3 days he had difficulty in urination, delayed urination for the last 20 hours. Stools were daily, in small amounts, mushy, without pathological impurities. Temperature 37.8°. Respiratory and circulatory organs without pathology. Tongue was clean and moist. The abdomen is not swollen, soft, palpation is painful in the lower parts, over the womb the bladder is identified, the bottom of which is 4 cm below the navel. Finger examination of the rectum at the front of the rectum in the small pelvis reveals a dense tumour-like mass about the size of a woman's fist, immobile, with a smooth surface.

We observed 136 children aged from 2 months to 12 years. Nasopharyngeal secretions were taken from the choanal region with a sterile cotton swab behind the palatine curtain, inoculated on cups with 5% blood agar and in Kitt-Tarzzi broth with 0.1% agar-agar and incubated in a thermostat at 37° for 24 hours. Initial cultures of nasopharyngeal secretions usually showed mixed cultures. Only in 15 observations were pure cultures isolated from nasopharyngeal secretions.

We studied the effect of a single UHF treatment on fasting glycaemia and on sugar curves after a double glucose load. In addition, we investigated glycaemic curves in connection with a course of UHF treatment. Procedures were performed in oligothermic mode on the pancreas area using transverse UHF-4 and UHF-62 machines.

To diagnose cerebrospinal hypertension in the acute period and in the following days we applied in 72 patients the method of one-dimensional echoencephalography - ultrasound sonication of the patient's head with the domestic echoencephalograph VNIIMP "ECHO-11". Subsequently, all patients underwent lumbar spinal tap with measuring of cerebrospinal pressure using Claude manometer. In the horizontal position the pressure ranged from 15 to 30 mm aqueous column.

Cardiac echinococcosis is a relatively rare pathology in clinical practice, ranging from 1.08 to 1.75% in relation to all human echinococcal diseases. The greatest number of cases is summarized in monograph of I. J. Deinek (1968) - 160 cases of cardiac echinococcosis, of which 118 are published in foreign literature, and only 42 - in Russian one.

Urethro-oculo-synovial syndrome (Reiter's syndrome) is known to consist of purulent urethritis, purulent conjunctivitis and arthritis. The etiology of the syndrome is still an open question. Recently, a specific pathogen (virus) has been reported. Reiter's syndrome is considered by most researchers to be a variant of rheumatoid arthritis.

Advances in recent decades in the study of the effects of increased oxygen pressure (O2P) on the body have allowed this method to be used in a number of surgical infections. The first attempt to use MPC in tetanus was successful, saving 15 out of 16 patients. Since there is still very little experience in tetanus treatment with this method, we thought it appropriate to cite our observation.

The book by Prof. L.S. Schwartz is written on a timely topic and is of interest to physicians of many specialities. The author approaches the study of atherosclerosis from the perspective of assessing the functional state of the most important body systems: respiration, blood circulation and digestion. His studies are based on a large number of his own observations (more than 3500 patients). The bibliography contains 468 sources in Russian and 182 in foreign languages.

The monograph summarizes the experience of anaesthesiological work of the thermal lesions clinic of the Order of Lenin Red Banner Military Medical Academy named after S. M. Kirov, one of the largest burn centers in the USSR. It summarises the experience of anaesthesiology at the Thermal Injuries Clinic of the Kirov Military Medical Academy, one of the largest burn centres in the USSR.

On August 2, 1971, Nariman Abdrakhmanovich Miftakhov, dean of the Faculty of Pediatrics of the Kazan Red Banner Order of Labour Medical Institute, died suddenly.