Vol 63, No 2 (1982)

From the first days of the existence of the young Soviet Republic, along with economic devastation, it was threatened by an equally insidious enemy - epidemics that covered vast territories and reached extraordinary intensity. In the general picture of social upheavals of that time, epidemics occupied one of the first places. Only in the Tatar Republic in 1920, according to far from complete data, there were about 3 thousand patients with smallpox, 90 thousand patients with typhus, 14 thousand patients with relapsing fever. In Kazan in 1917-1919. 54% of workers have had malaria. In 1921, a cholera epidemic affected 12 thousand people, of whom 40% died.

The effectiveness of prednisolone therapy in the acute period of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is considered. The outcomes of this disease were traced in dynamics after 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 months, 2-3 years and 6-8 years in 40 patients with moderate and 30 patients with severe disease. It was stated that prednisolone has a positive effect on reducing the timing of relief of symptoms of intoxication, the disappearance of pathological elements from urine sediment in the acute period and on the timing of restoration of the functional state of the kidneys in the long term.

A study of circulating immune complexes was carried out using a reaction with polyethylene glycol. The method turned out to be simple, highly sensitive and affordable for any clinical laboratory with a photoelectric colorimeter. Analysis of the survey data of 115 healthy donors, 63 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 16 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus made it possible to establish the level of circulating immune complexes in health and disease. The circulating immune complexes were studied in patients with rheumatism and chronic tonsillitis. To assess the results of the reaction, human aggregated gamma globulin (manufactured by Kazan NIIEM) was used.

Abstract. Epidemiological studies have been carried out in order to clarify the frequency of various risk factors and their combinations in IHD and arterial hypertension, which provided valuable information for the development of scientifically based measures for mass and individual primary and secondary prevention of IHD and arterial hypertension. Effective primary prevention measures at a young age should occupy a special place in the health improvement system for workers and employees.

Abstract. The results of a survey of 130 students are presented. arterial hypertension was diagnosed during the initial medical examination. The most depressive types of physical exercises, walking and running for students with arterial hypertension were established. It is shown that among students with high blood pressure, along with other physical activities, exercises of a static nature are also hypotensive. The classes that are most adequate for this contingent of persons, contributing to the restoration of functional disorders of hemodynamics, primarily blood pressure indicators, have been determined. Developed and tested a differentiated, scientifically grounded methodology of classes for students with borderline arterial hypertension.

Of 93 patients with pulmonary dissemination, directed to clarify the etiology of the disease, 18 had disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis, and the rest 75 had nonspecific dissemination of the lungs. Among them, the largest group consisted of patients with sarcoidosis (22), blastomatous process (16), nonspecific diseases (13), pneumoconiosis (10). In 14 patients, rare forms of pulmonary dissemination were found. When clarifying the nature of pulmonary dissemination, one should take into account the clinical and radiological features of the disease in comparison with the data of laboratory and functional examination of the patient. In difficult cases, it is necessary to resort to a puncture or open biopsy of the lung.

The parameters of cellular and humoral immunity were studied in 160 patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Immunodeficiency of T-lymphocytes was found in 41% of patients with minimal and in 67% of patients with an average degree of activity of rheumatoid arthritis, on the basis of which various complexes of spa treatment of this disease were developed.

A comprehensive study of renal function in patients with early forms of syphilis revealed a decrease in tubular secretion and a decrease in effective renal plasma flow in one third of the examined. The possibility of preferential damage to one of the kidneys was established in half of the patients. The therapy in general had a normalizing effect on kidney function. Temporarily decreased tubular secretion and effective renal plasma flow after pyrotherapy normalized or significantly improved by the end of treatment in comparison with the baseline data.

116 patients with uterine myoma before and 69 after hormonal-drug treatment were examined by the method of rheopelveography. Changes in hemodynamics and vascular tone of the pelvic organs were revealed, depending on the leading symptoms of the disease (pain, tumor growth, hypermenstrual syndrome). Taking into account rheographic indices made it possible to differentially prescribe antispasmodics and oxytotic drugs. Differentiated treatment helped improve the clinical course of the disease and normalize the hemodynamics of the pelvic organs.

The effect of immobilization of the lower limb on the state of the soleus muscle center and its electrical activity was studied. Using the H-reflex technique, a decrease in the reflex excitability of motoneurons and an increase in recurrent inhibition on the immobilization side compared to the intact side were established. A decrease in the amplitude of the M-response of the immobilized soleus muscle was also found.

The problem of rehabilitation of persons who have had meningococcal infection is relevant, and is of certain scientific and practical interest. In this work, we. we present the results of the analysis of extracts from the case histories and dispensary examination cards of 799 convalescents of meningococcal infection - 447 boys and 352 girls who underwent the disease at the age of several months / jo 15 years (348 - up to 5 years old, 278 - from 6 to 10 years old and 173 - from AND to 15 years) and came * for examination 1-2 years after discharge from the 1st infectious diseases hospital in Kazan.

The objective of our study was to study the indicators of oxidative and hydrolytic enzymes of blood leukocytes in the dynamics of adenovirus infection in comparison with the duration of circulation of adenoviruses in the body. For this purpose, the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase (AP and ALP), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), the content of glycogen (G) in leukocytes, as well as the duration of the luminescence of adenoviral antigen in epithelial cells of the nose were determined by direct immunofluorescence. In addition, a serological study of paired blood sera from the same patients was carried out by staging a complement fixation reaction (CSC).

Our task was to study the level of gastrin in the blood plasma of patients with acute dysentery and some indirect indicators of the transport of water and salts in the small intestine of these patients.

We studied the content of circulating immune complexes in the blood serum of patients with acute infectious hepatitis in the dynamics of the disease, depending on the form of the severity of the process. The study was carried out according to a modified method in the precipitation reaction with polyethylene glycol (PEG reaction). The results were expressed in μg / ml of aggregated gamma globulin. 151 patients with acute infectious hepatitis of the icteric form, mild and moderate (age of patients - from 16 to 30 years) were under observation. The first studies in all patients were carried out on the 1-6th day from the onset of jaundice, in the period of the further course of the disease, before discharge from the hospital and one month after it. The diagnosis of infectious hepatitis was made on the basis of generally accepted criteria using liver function tests. The Australian antigen was not detected in the patients' blood. Patients were treated according to the severity of infectious hepatitis. None of the patients we observed were prescribed glucocorticosteroids.

In order to determine the role of synovectomy in the rehabilitation of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the results of observations of 60 patients (75% of operated patients) aged 16 to 58 years (43 women and 17 men) were summarized. We determined the efficacy of synovectomy based on two follow-up periods: the nearest one - from 6 months to 1 year, and the long-term one - from 2 to 6 years.

To study the nature of proteinuria in the pathology of the cardiovascular system, we used disk electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. The urine was subjected to electrophoresis without prior preservation. When the protein content in urine is less than 0.3 g / l, it was concentrated 16-30 times with polyethylene glycol. Densitometry of gel pillars was performed on an EPI-65M apparatus (GDR). The glomerular-tubular protein ratio (GTPK) was also calculated.

The state of the hemocoagulation system after the plasmapheresis procedure was studied in 33 donors, from whom an average of 250 + 20 ml of plasma was withdrawn per procedure. For plasmapheresis, glass bottles with a capacity of 500 ml were used, containing 100 ml of the hemoconservative TsOLIPK-76 without chloramphenicol. In the period between the exfusion of blood (400 ml) and the reinfusion of a suspension of uniform elements, the donor was dripped with 100–150 ml of saline to preserve patency and a needle.

Hereditary microspherocytic hemolytic anemia - Minkowski-Shoffard's disease - is one of the diseases in which splenectomy gives a pronounced and lasting effect. From 1965 to 1976, we observed 88 patients with hepatolienal syndrome combined with anemia. 42 of them (males - 24, females - 18; age - from 1 year to 46 years) were diagnosed with hereditary microspherocytic hemolytic anemia.

Shilajit as a remedy has been known in oriental medicine for more than 3 thousand years. Its use in medical practice was widespread in Arabia, Iran, Central Asia, Tibet, India. In ancient manuscripts, written in various languages of the peoples of Central Asia, the Near and Middle East, mummy is unanimously assessed as a substance that has healing properties for many human diseases.

Among the outstanding surgeons of the late XIX - early century I. A. Praksin holds a prominent place. But it so happened that his life and work are almost not reflected in the medical literature, our contemporaries know little about him.

As indicated in the preface to the publication, the purpose of the book is to help the doctor in an acute shortage of time to quickly orient himself in the choice of optimal diagnostic techniques, the method of preparing for the operation and performing the surgery itself. * The book consists of 14 chapters that cover all the main issues of emergency surgery.

The scientific and medical community of Kazan and the TASSR suffered a heavy loss: on November 5, 1981, after a serious and prolonged illness, the head of the department of topographic anatomy and operative surgery of the Kazan State Pedagogical University named after V.I. IN AND. Lenin, Honored Scientist of the TASSR, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences Foat Shakirovich Sharafislamov.