Vol 65, No 1 (1984)
- Year: 1984
- Published: 15.01.1984
- Articles: 39
- URL: https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/issue/view/4505
Full Issue
Social hygiene and healthcare management
Medical examination of patients with hemorrhagic vasopathies
Abstract
In the Kuibyshev Hematology Center, which provides consulting polyclinic specialized hemostasiological care, during the initial examination of a patient with bleeding phenomena, during diagnosis and differential diagnosis, the classification of hemorrhagic vasopathies is guided, in which the following classes are distinguished: metaplastic, infectious, immunopathological, dystrophic, dysplastic, neurogenic.
Reviews
The effect of influenza infection on antibody formation
Abstract
The most common complication of influenza infection is pneumonia, including bacterial. The most important cause contributing to the occurrence of bacterial and associated bacterial-viral pneumonia should be considered a pronounced immunosuppressive effect inherent in most serological variants of the virus.
Activity of 5'-nucleotidase of alveolar macrophages in anaphylactic shock
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages form one of the main protective systems of the lung. Pathological processes that change the functional state of these cells affect their ability to participate in maintaining homeostasis of the respiratory organs. At the same time, having a significant effector potential in the activated state, macrophages are capable of being involved in the pathogenesis that caused the activation of the process.
The functional state of the sympathetic-adrenal and cholinergic systems, the adrenal cortex under vibration exposure
Abstract
Vibration irritation, being a powerful chronic stressor, causes significant shifts in homeostatic mechanisms and metabolic processes. 46 grinders aged 18-48 years were examined. 9 people had less than 1 year of work experience, 9-1-5 years, 5 — 6-10, 9-11 -15, 14-16 years and more.
Some morphological and functional characteristics of blood microphages and cardiomyocytes in cardiac pathology
Abstract
Functional activity of blood macrophages was studied in patients with cardiovascular pathology. The object of the study was blood and biopsy material from 49 people. There were 34 patients with atrial septal defect (DMPP), 5 with mitral stenosis, 5 with tetrad of Fallot (TF), 5 with ventricular septal defect (DMPP). Blood was taken during diagnostic probing of the heart. The blood of donors served as a control. A myocardial biopsy was performed during. Operations using hypothermia and turning off the heart from circulation.
A case of idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis with severe heart damage
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis is a rare disease of unclear etiology. .In most cases, it occurs in childhood, is characterized by repeated hemorrhages in the lung tissue and hemoptysis, iron deficiency anemia develops in the future. This disease often leads to death from massive pulmonary hemorrhage, sometimes from a pulmonary heart.
Chickenpox in a child aged 25 days
Abstract
Chickenpox in newborns and children of the first three months of life is extremely rare, which is explained by the presence of transplacental immunity. In the literature, we have found only isolated reports of this disease in newborns. In this regard, we present the observation of a child at the age of 25 days who has chickenpox.
Childbirth with congenital heart disease with a complex form of violation of intraventricular conduction
Abstract
Blockades of two and even more three branches of the Gis - Purkinje system are serious violations of intraventricular conduction of the heart. They are dangerous by the unexpected and rapid transformation of their incomplete forms into a complete transverse blockade of the heart with all the consequences that follow from this, of which the most severe is the stoppage of blood flow.
Jubilees
Professor Alexander Vasilyevich Barsky
Abstract
"Surgery is not a profession, but a way of life...". These words of Academician of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences I. S. Kolesnikov perfectly reflect the life path of Alexander Vasilyevich Barsky, retired colonel of the medical service, Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor, who on September 6, 1983 turned 70 years old and 44 years of medical, scientific, pedagogical and social activities.
Clinical medicine
Issues of regulation of physiological functions in allergy
Abstract
Allergic restructuring of the body is accompanied not only by disorders on the part of individual organs and systems, but also by a change in the nature of regulatory processes, which determines a different level of functioning of the body as a whole. The successes of immunology, especially in recent years, have given a new incentive to clarify the patterns of immunological processes with altered reactivity of the body, in particular with allergies. However, the process of allergization cannot be considered only in terms of immunological shifts, as is sometimes done, since the immunological aspect is only one of the sides of the complex problem of allergic reactivity of the body. According to Ado (1952), a significant role in the development of allergy belongs to the pathophysiological mechanisms of immunity due to the effect of antigens on the neuro-reflex regulation of functions outside of direct connection with the production of antibodies or phagocytosis.
Kallikrein and precallikrein of blood plasma in patients with pre-asthma and infectious-allergic form of bronchial asthma with specific immunotherapy
Abstract
One of the promising directions in the rehabilitation of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis with elements of bacterial sensitization (pre-asthma) and infectious-allergic form of bronchial asthma is the timely implementation of specific treatment with bacterial allergens (specific immunotherapy). Its effectiveness in bronchial asthma is 49-72%, with predastma — 81,4—89,0% [1, 5].
Effect of physical activity on hemodynamics of patients with chronic bronchitis and bronchial asthma with systemic arterial hypertension
Abstract
In the last decade, the attention of cardiologists and pulmonologists has been attracted by the problem of pulmogenic hypertension, or elevated systemic blood pressure, which occurs secondarily due to chronic lung diseases [5]. Arterial hypertension of the large circulatory circle occurs in 45% of patients with chronic bronchitis [8]. Its description is given in the literature for chronic pneumonia and bronchial asthma [2, 3].
The difference between acute respiratory viral infections with bronchoobstructive syndrome and asthmatic bronchitis in children
Abstract
Acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI) occupy a leading place in the general structure of bronchopulmonary diseases in children. Their severity is often caused by bronchoobstructive syndrome with severe respiratory insufficiency. A similar clinical picture is given by asthmatic bronchitis, which often resembles bronchoobstructive syndrome [4]. Clinical and laboratory aspects of differential diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infections with bronchoobstructive syndrome and asthmatic bronchitis in young children remain insufficiently studied, while their timely recognition is of extremely great practical importance for rational therapy [6].
Treatment of hormone-dependent rheumatoid arthritis
Abstract
Recognizing the autoimmune nature of rheumatoid arthritis [2, 3], many authors prefer immunosuppressive therapy. A certain place in the treatment of this disease is occupied by corticosteroids. The positive therapeutic effect of these drugs is primarily due to their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effects [4, 5]. Nevertheless, they are prescribed with great caution due to side effects and the development of hormonal dependence. Long-term use of hormonal drugs largely determines the frequency and severity of adverse reactions, in particular in rheumatoid arthritis, it contributes to the development of pannus, subluxations, destructive bone changes [1]. However, the issue of withdrawal of corticosteroids after their long-term use has not yet been sufficiently studied. The tactics of treatment in the process of their gradual withdrawal should include measures to overcome the exacerbation of the rheumatoid process and normalize the defective functioning of the pituitary-adrenal system.
Treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis with steam baths of the Yangan-Tau resort of the Bashkir ASSR
Abstract
The main therapeutic factor of Yangan-Tau resort, used in the treatment of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, are natural steam baths. Their atmosphere contains water vapor up to 8-10% of the total volume, a slightly increased amount of heavy water, 3-5% carbon dioxide, nitrogen up to 78.8%, radium emanation within 0.728 nCi/l. Organic substances, a certain amount of fatty and naphthenic acids, active trace elements (aluminum, magnesium, silicon, iron, barium, strontium, calcium, chromium, etc.) were found in the vapor condensate. The steam temperature in the cabins of therapeutic baths ranges from 36-50 °.
On the influence of the functional state of the adrenal cortex on the clinical picture of diseases caused by exposure to antibiotics
Abstract
In conditions of prolonged professional contact with penicillin and streptomycin, diseases may develop, the clinic of which is characterized by pronounced polymorphism and polysyndromicity, including lesions of the skin, internal organs and nervous system [1-7]. The main pathogenetic link in the development of this pathology is allergy [5, 7]. It is known that in allergic diseases, the functional state of the adrenal glands has a significant impact on the course and nature of clinical manifestations. However, the role of the functional state of these glands in the genesis of diseases caused by antibiotics has not yet been clarified.
Circulating immune complexes in various forms of glomerulonephritis
Abstract
Circulating immune complexes are found in the blood in a large number of diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, glomerulonephritis, bacterial and viral infections). However, it should be borne in mind that their appearance is also possible in the blood serum of healthy people. The improvement of research methods and the deepening of our knowledge in the field of the nature of immune complexes revealed their contradictory nature. Along with the physiological role in the regulation of the immune response, the ability of circulating immune complexes to cause inflammatory lesions is well established [10].
Functional state of neutrophils in newborns with purulent-septic diseases
Abstract
Due to the insufficient development of immunobiological protection factors in newborns, prerequisites are created for the generalization of local and recurrent purulent infection [2]. The risk of a general septic process increases with infection with strains of hospital bacterial flora, as well as with viral superinfection [3]. The lack of clear criteria for timely and objective diagnosis of neonatal sepsis is the cause of delayed adequate intensive care, leads to the development of complications and underlies an unfavorable prognosis, especially in atypical, erased forms of sepsis, with subacute and sluggish course of the disease.
On the relationship of local cellular immune reactions with spontaneous tumor necrosis
Abstract
It is known that tumors cause a specific immune response of the body, carried out by both humoral antibodies and cellular factors [4]. At the same time, the main role in the immune effect on the tumor is played by activated thymus-dependent lymphocytes, which have a toxic effect on tumor cells [7, 8]. According to modern concepts, we are talking about the development of a delayed-type hypersensitivity immune reaction (HRT) [3]. Based on this, many authors tend to consider intense lymphoid-cell infiltrates in the tumor as a manifestation of the body's immune response [1], and the prognosis is considered better with a larger number of lymphocytes [6]. However, other researchers [5] believe that it is impossible to link the degree of lymphoid infiltration of the tumor with the prognosis. At the same time, it was found that immune reactions to the tumor are observed in 80% of cases, and in 2.5% the authors note the death of almost the entire tumor parenchyma [2].
Clinical and electroencephalographic correlations in patients with menopausal neuropsychiatric disorders
Abstract
Changes in the function of various brain structures play an important role in the occurrence of pathological menopause [1a, b]. In recent years, due to the increased interest in this issue, numerous works have appeared on the study of bioelectric brain activity in healthy and sick women of involutional age.
Glutathione reductase system and acetylcholinesterase activity of erythrocytes in ischemic heart disease
Abstract
In the mechanism of hypoxia developing in ischemic heart disease (CHD), along with other factors, structural and functional disorders of the organization of erythrocytes are important [1, 8, 12]. The glutathione reductase system, including glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (CF 1.1.1.49), glutathione reductase (CF 1.6.4.2) and reduced glutathione, plays a certain role in maintaining erythrocyte homeostasis (ER) [15]. The experiment shows the relationship of these systems with the activity of membrane-bound enzymes and, in particular, with acetylcholinesterase (CF. 3.1.1.7.) [4].
The use of mebikar in the acute period of myocardial infarction
Abstract
The primary task in the acute period of myocardial infarction is early and complete anesthesia, which not only relieves the suffering of the patient, but also prevents the development of reflex collapse, early arrhythmias, pulmonary edema. However, an adequate remedy has not yet been found that would have a strong analgesic effect and at the same time would not depress the cardiac and respiratory systems. Narcotic and non-narcotic analgesics, currently used to relieve pain, lead to complete anesthesia only in 15-30% of cases, to incomplete — in 40 — 60% [3, 5]. In addition, they are characterized by undesirable side effects: depression of the respiratory center, a drop in blood pressure, a decrease in pulse [3, 4, 6]. All of the above prompts further searches for painkillers.
Correlation of biological macrorhythms with exacerbations of lumbar osteochondrosis and acute disorders of cerebral circulation
Abstract
About 150 biorhythms are known, having a periodicity from one second to several years. Among them, the most studied are circadian (diurnal), probably related to the influence of the Earth's rotation [8, 9]. Recently, other macrorhythms have attracted the attention of researchers: physical, emotional and intellectual, the so-called Fliss biorhythms, also known under the name of the hypothesis of "critical days".
Differential diagnosis and treatment of bronchial asthma
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a steady increase in allergic diseases. In many countries, especially with a high level of industrial development, allergy has become an urgent social problem. More than half of all allergic diseases are bronchial asthma. Despite numerous studies, this disease has not been sufficiently studied to date, which is due to the variety of etiological factors, the complexity of pathogenesis, the need to use a wide range of specific diagnostic methods, and the peculiarities of therapy. At the same time, recently, due to the rather rapid development of practical allergology, certain successes have been achieved in the early diagnosis and specific treatment of this pathological process.
Book review
A. Y. Ratner. Disorders of cerebral circulation in children. Publishing house of Kazan University, 1983, 143 p.
Abstract
The publication of A. Y. Ratner's monograph "Disorders of cerebral circulation in children" is significant by the fact that there were no such monographic publications in the domestic literature. The book consists of an introduction and eight chapters.
Organization of the work of district and shop doctors and measures for its further improvement
Abstract
The XXVI Congress of the CPSU defined the grandiose tasks of the economic, social and cultural development of our country, improving the material well-being of the Soviet people, which, in turn, should contribute to strengthening the health, prolonging the life and labor activity of Soviet people.
Clinical experiences
Detection and treatment of pollinosis in industrial workers
Abstract
According to the frequency and prevalence of pollinosis, they occupy a leading place among allergic diseases. Regional features of the region and the prevailing type of vegetation significantly affect the etiology, pathogenesis and clinic of pollinosis. The most common allergen in central Russia is grass pollen, in the Krasnodar Territory— ragweed pollen, in Kazakhstan - hemp pollen and 5 types of wormwood, in Uzbekistan — cotton and walnut pollen. Although the etiological agent is plant pollen, dustiness, air pollution and, in general, urbanization play a major predisposing role in the occurrence of the disease.
Conferences
X European Congress of Rheumatologists (Moscow, 26/ VI-2/VII 1983)
Abstract
The congress was attended by 740 Soviet and 1930 foreign specialists from 46 countries of the world. 18 lectures prepared by famous European and Soviet scientists were heard at 7 plenary sessions. 80 meetings were held at 7 parallel sections, at which more than 800 reports were presented. Poster expositions were made up of 380 reports; scientific films were shown.
VIII All-Union Congress of Physiotherapists and Balneologists
Abstract
The congress was attended by more than 700 delegates and guests from the USSR, Bulgaria, Hungary, GDR, Mongolia, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Yugoslavia, Austria and Italy. More than 200 reports were heard and discussed at two plenary and eight breakout sessions.
All-Union Symposium on Prognostication in Traumatology and Surgery
Abstract
On April 19-20, 1983, the All-Union Symposium on Forecasting in Traumatology and Surgery was held in Kazan. For the first time, the issues of predicting outcomes and methods of treatment for injuries and surgical pathology were discussed at the All-Union level with the participation of leading specialists - representatives of large scientific institutions working in this field.
All-Union Symposium "Experimental-theoretical and clinical aspects of the method of transosseous osteosynthesis" (Kurgan, September 20-22, 1983)
Abstract
The symposium was attended by about 500 specialists, 72 of them from foreign countries. The symposium was opened by Deputy Minister of Health of the USSR A. G. Safonov. Then the Hero of Socialist Labor, Lenin Prize laureate Prof. G. A. Ilizarov made a report "The importance of a complex of optimal mechanical and biological factors in the regenerative process in transosseous osteosynthesis." The speaker noted that such traditional methods of treatment as plaster cast, skeletal traction and metal internal fixators, still used in traumatology and orthopedics, do not ensure the immobility of bone fragments. In addition, internal fixators damage blood vessels, periosteum, endost and bone marrow; their removal is quite difficult and traumatic. Only with stable fixation of precisely prepared fragments, careful attitude to osteogenic tissues, good blood supply to them, preservation of the musculoskeletal function of the limb, optimal mechanical and biological conditions are created for accelerated formation of bone fusion and functional recovery. These conditions are achievable with the use of strong fixation of bone fragments in the Ilizarov apparatus, with closed osteoclasia and distraction in automatic mode up to 1.9 mm per day. Transosseous osteosynthesis allows bloodless treatment of all closed fractures; to compensate for large defects of soft tissues, blood vessels, nerves of bone without transplantation and in one stage even in conditions of infection; to thicken the bone and its fragments. Ilizarov's method makes it possible to eliminate the false joint and shortening of the limb bloodlessly and in one stage; to delay the growth or lengthen the limbs; to eliminate deformities of long tubular bones and joint contractures. Transosseous osteosynthesis is used for the purpose of bloodless prolonging arthrodesis of large joints; for compaction of bone tissue; excitation of osteogenesis and its management to fill bone cysts and foci in Ollier's disease. In addition, it can be used to lengthen a limb and at the same time eliminate its deformation; fix joints with arthroplasty on hinges, cure syndactyly and replace the skin without transplantation; lengthen and change the axis of the spine; simulate a limb, stump, finger; expand the pelvis, increase the vessel. The method can be used on an outpatient basis.
Hygiene and healthcare management
Immunological reactivity of refinery workers
Abstract
In the process of modern oil refining, workers come into contact with a variety of substances. In this regard, it is necessary to study the effects of petroleum products on the body of workers and, in particular, on the immune system, since immunological shifts may precede clinical ones [2].
Chronicles
Chronicle
Abstract
In 1982, the Gorno-Altai Autonomous Region celebrated its 60th anniversary. Before the Great October Socialist Revolution, the indigenous inhabitants of the Altai Mountains lived in extremely unfavorable sanitary and hygienic conditions. Total mortality reached 31-56 per 1000 population, infant mortality was 40% of the number of births, and the average life expectancy did not exceed 27 years.