Vol 63, No 3 (1982)
- Year: 1982
- Published: 15.06.1982
- Articles: 40
- URL: https://kazanmedjournal.ru/kazanmedj/issue/view/3406
Full Issue
Development of the Sanitary and Epidemiological Service of the TASSR
Abstract
The XXVI Congress of the CPSU defined the current national economic problems of the 1980s and the XI Five-Year Plan. As the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR Comrade LI Brezhnev noted, "our country has entered a new decade, making it the main task to ensure the further growth of the welfare of Soviet people." The program for improving the well-being of the people in the XI Five-Year Plan provides for the solution of the housing problem, improvement of working, living and recreation conditions. Caring for the health of Soviet people in the coming years remains one of the most important social tasks.
Organization of geriatric care
Abstract
The problem of organizing geriatric care is attracting more and more attention of the health and social security authorities of developed countries, which is primarily due to the progressive aging of their population. According to UN statistical forecasts, in the industrialized countries of the world, the number of people aged 60 and over will increase by 54% in the period from 1970 to 2000, with an overall population growth of only 21%. According to the same data, the percentage of people over 60 years old in the Soviet Union during the same period will increase from 11.5 to 17, that is, more than 7b part of the country's population. Particularly numerous will be the contingents of the population aged 75 and over, who for health reasons are often deprived of the ability to self-service and who need well-organized medical and social assistance.
Medical care for the elderly population
Abstract
The information about the aging of the population of certain countries of the world, the "demographic load", the incidence of the elderly, the main directions of the implementation of the achievements of gerontology and geriatrics in life are given.
About one of the forms of a reactive state in menopause
Abstract
68 women with various neuropsychiatric disorders in menopause were examined. A significant place among these disorders was occupied by reactive states, in which menopause itself was a psychogenic factor. A peculiar change in behavior was revealed in 12 women. It manifested itself as a reaction of the hysterical type in the form of "reality mystification" and was observed, on average, 1-2 months after the onset of menopausal disorders. The reaction of the personality to menopause as a significant phenomenon arose in the form of hysteroid behavior only in those women who, before the menopause, were inclined to hysterical forms of reaction that had not previously reached a significant degree of severity.
Treatment of ischemic heart disease in women during the pathological menopause
Abstract
A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of antianginal drugs (papaverine, persantine, intensain, nitrong, anaprilin) in combination with climacteric myocardial dystrophy in women was carried out. The data obtained make it possible to recommend beta-blockers (anaprilin, obzidan) for the treatment of coronary artery disease in women against the background of pathological menopause for wider use.
Place of angiography, oscillography and rheography in the examination of patients with obliterating diseases of the arteries of the lower extremities
Abstract
The data of angiographic, oscillographic and rheographic research methods were compared in 63 patients with obliterating diseases of the lower limb arteries. It has been established that arterial oscillography and rheovasography objectively reflect and document the changes occurring in the arterial bed of patients with obliterating endarteritis and atherosclerosis, only when they are used together. The pharmacological test with nitroglycerin makes it possible to differentiate organic and functional changes in the arterial bed only in the initial stage of the disease, in later periods it only helps in predicting the course of the disease. Angiographic methods of examination clarify the diagnosis, localization and length of the literary process.
Detection of early signs of circulatory insufficiency in patients with chronic carbon disulfide intoxication
Abstract
In 27 men who had undergone chronic intoxication with carbon disulfide, the shock ejection, heart rate, minute blood volume, phase analysis of left ventricular systole were examined; the amplitude-time parameters were determined: the rate of cardiac output, the rate of pressure rise and the rate of cardiac relaxation. The parameters of hemodynamics at rest and their change in response to increasing static strengthening of the right hand were studied. The most informative parameters for detecting heart failure in chronic carbon disulfide intoxication were amplitude-time parameters.
The role of microcirculation disorders in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease
Abstract
In 60 healthy individuals and 85 patients with gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer, the state of microcirculation of the conjunctiva of the eye and the level of glycoproteins in the gastric juice were studied. It has been shown that one of the reasons leading to a decrease in the level of mucins in gastric juice may be mucosal hypoxia caused by impaired microcirculation.
Effect of dimethyl sulfoxide applications on gastric secretory function
Abstract
The use of applications of dimethyl sulfoxide in patients with ulcerative disease and chronic gastritis leads to suppression of increased acid secretion, ambivalence with normal acid secretion and has no effect in patients with atrophy of the gastric mucosa. The normalizing effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) applications in persons with acidic, decompensated ^ and subcompensated states of the stomach by stimulating the neutralizing function of the antral glands was established. The use of dimethyl sulfoxide as a transporter of various drugs in physiotherapy can be indicated in patients with HC1 hypersecretion in the interdigestive phase of ventricular secretion.
Diagnostic value of intraduodenal pH-metry in duodenal ulcer
Abstract
The duration of duodenum acidification was studied in patients with duodenal ulcer, depending on the age, duration of the disease and the presence of concomitant pathology on the part of the biliary system. Significant violations of acid-neutralizing function were revealed in the early stages of the disease and with concomitant lesions of the biliary tract. The use of diadynamic currents has a positive effect on the acid-neutralizing function of the duodenum.
Selective mucosectomy - a method of surgical treatment of gastric ulcer and duodenal ulcer
Abstract
Selective mucosectomy is proposed, in which the mucous membrane of the lesser curvature of the stomach is removed, followed by sutures covering the demucosated surface. A functional study of the stomach revealed a stable reduction of the secretory potential, as well as the normalization of its motor-evacuation function, which contributes to the healing of the ulcer. Due to its low trauma, the operation can be used in surgical practice, especially in cases where organ resection or intervention on the nerve plexus is undesirable.
Liver condition in patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis
Abstract
When comparing the functional and morphological parameters of the liver in patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis in 64%, a discrepancy was found between the data of biochemical blood tests and the severity of diffuse organ damage. The results of morphometric analysis, indicating a change in the histophysiological parameters of the liver, also did not have the corresponding functional criteria. In order to improve the diagnosis and therapy of gallstone disease, it is recommended to supplement clinical and laboratory studies with an intravital morphological study of the liver.
Cytochemical study in the diagnosis of biliary peritonitis
Abstract
Studies in 113 patients with acute cholecystitis and biliary peritonitis revealed regular changes in the phosphatase activity of neutrophilic leukocytes in the direction of its increase, depending on the prevalence of peritonitis. This indicator can serve as a diagnostic test for determining surgical tactics.
Subserous appendectomy as a method of prevention of postoperative complications
Abstract
On the basis of 340 operations for destructive forms of appendicitis, it was shown that subserous appendectomy as a plastic method of peritonization of the stump of the appendix in acute inflammation reliably seals and peritonizes the stump, without disturbing blood circulation in the wall of the cecum, which creates favorable opportunities for eliminating residual inflammation in the cecum.
Plasty of incisional ventral hernias using a mechanical suture
Abstract
Developed and applied in patients with hernias of the anterior abdominal wall a method of plasty with own tissues using a mechanical suture. 109 patients with postoperative and recurrent ventral hernias were operated on. This method of ventral hernia repair allows to restore the anatomy and function of the abdominal wall, standardizes and simplifies the technique of the operation, reducing the time of its implementation, and gives 95.4% positive long-term results.
Evaluation of catgut and pigs
Abstract
Experimental studies and clinical testing of suture material made from the intestines of cattle and pigs were carried out. According to its properties (strength, resorption, reliability of sterilization, absence of allergenic reaction), catgut from the intestines of pigs and cattle can be recommended for introduction into surgical practice.
Digestive and absorption functions of the small intestine in patients with acute dysentery and salmonellosis
Abstract
In 212 patients with acute dysentery and 138 patients with salmonellosis, there was a similarity in functional disorders of the small intestine: decreased absorption, cavity and parietal hydrolysis of carbohydrates. The indices of the d-xylose assay, parietal lactose hydrolysis and coprogram data are useful in assessing the functional state of the small intestine for the rehabilitation of patients who have had salmonellosis and acute dysentery.
Gastrointestinal diseases in children caused by opportunistic microflora
Abstract
89 children were diagnosed with gastrointestinal diseases caused by opportunistic microflora. The severity of the disease and the severity of individual symptoms can vary from mild to severe toxic forms. When treating such patients, antibiotics should be limited, if possible, and biological products should be widely used: bacteriophages, colibacterin, bifidumbacterin, vitamins.
Complex treatment of onychomycosis
Abstract
Long-term results of complex treatment with antibiotics and local therapy of 131 patients with onychomycosis are presented. These observations indicate satisfactory results in the treatment of onychomycosis. Cure Achieved with localization of the disease on the hands in 96.2-100%, on the legs in 74.2 81.5%.
Pickwick syndrome
Abstract
Obesity, as you know, is often combined with atherosclerosis, hypertension and their characteristic left-heart failure. Least of all, in our opinion, obesity is associated with cor pulmonale and right-heart failure. "Pickwick syndrome", it is also known as "Ioe syndrome", "cardiopulmonary syndrome of patients with obesity", "obesity-hypoventilation syndrome".
On the question of the objective foundations of medical knowledge
Abstract
Joining the discussion on my monograph (The Problem of the Subject of Medicine. M., 1978), I cannot but express my sincere gratitude to the editorial board of one of the oldest and most authoritative medical journals in the country and its editor-in-chief prof. DM Zubairov for organizing this discussion. The very complexity of the problem of the subject of medicine does not exclude and even suggests different approaches to its solution. Therefore, one should not be surprised at the clash of opinions and positions, which can only be judged by time - the time of discussions interested in the truth. In this regard, the critical remarks of Assoc. NI Vylegzhanin must be recognized as very useful, for they oblige to clarify and concretize the solutions we have proposed.
Rehabilitation of curable blindness in the elderly and the elderly in a district setting
Abstract
One of the tasks of the social and labor rehabilitation of persons with aphakia is to create conditions conducive to the preservation of the ability to work. There were 270 patients under dispensary supervision (from 1 to 5 years); under the age of 40 - 1 (0.4%), from 41 to 50 years - 4 (1.5%), from 51 to 60 years - 3 (1.1%), over 60 years - 262 (97 %). Thus, the main group of patients consisted of pensioners. All patients underwent cataract cryoextraction. Visual acuity with correction at discharge of 0.6-1.0 was noted in 94 (34.8%), 0.3-0.5 in 151 (55.9%), 0.1-0.2 in 25 (9.3%) people.
Test of rosette formation of lymphocytes in children with eye trauma
Abstract
The aim of the work was to study the participation of T-rosette-forming lymphocytes in reparative processes after trauma to the organ of vision in children. The study was carried out at various times after the injury in 66 children aged 2-14 years and in 21 healthy children (control group).
Organization of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with facial trauma
Abstract
An analysis of referrals to our clinic of maxillofacial surgery showed that in the Bashkir Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic there was previously a belated diagnosis and hospitalization, multi-stage movement of patients with facial injuries. 34.1% of patients received specialized care in the clinic on days 4-10, and only 15.5% of patients received on the first day. For 64.7% of patients, first aid was provided by surgeons, doctors on duty in rural, regional, city hospitals, doctors and paramedics of emergency medical care who did not have special experience in the clinic and treatment of facial injuries.
Improving external respiration while eliminating atrial fibrillation
Abstract
A study of some parameters of external respiration was carried out for 1-3 days in 7 days after electro-pulse therapy in 59 patients with a constant form of atrial fibrillation. Despite a significant improvement in the state of hemodynamics achieved during the preparation of patients for electroimpulse therapy, ventilation parameters studied 1-3 days before the procedure indicated the presence of hyperventilation: the MOV was 139% of the proper value, differing from normal values (P <0, 02). A decrease in MVL and RD was noted (up to 83.2% and 77.6%, respectively, compared to the proper level). VC, differing from normal values in absolute numbers (P <0.05), remained at a fairly high level of 89.6% in relation to VC. The residual volume as a percentage of OEL was at the upper limit of the norm (35.3%).
Chromatographic study of heparin preparations
Abstract
Heparin preparations used in clinics of our country (produced in Minsk, Kaunass, Baku, Hungary and Czechoslovakia) differ in their biological activity. Heparin is a variable molecular weight polymer of about 17,000 daltons. Its monomer unit consists of a-glucuronic acid esterified with another sulfuric acid at carbon 2, glucoseamine esterified with sulfuric acid at carbon 6 and at the amino group of carbon 2, and L-iduronic acid. The remains of glucuronic acid and glucosamine, iduronic acid and glucosamine are linked by glycosidic a (1 -> 4) bonds.
Enzyme-forming function of the pancreas in persons with diseases of the stomach and duodenum
Abstract
The enzymatic activity of the pancreas was studied in persons with diseases of the stomach and duodenum without clinical signs of concomitant pancreatitis. The activity of amylase was determined by Wolgemuth, lipase in the blood - by the Comfort method, and in the duodenal contents - by the Bondi method modified by MS Rozhkova, trypsin activity - by the Fuld-Gross-Michaelis method. The contents of the duodenum were obtained for 20 minutes by a two-channel probe on an empty stomach and after the introduction of 30 ml of 0.5% hydrochloric acid solution with separate constant aspiration of it and gastric juice using a water-jet pump, creating a negative pressure within 7 kPa.
On the casuistry of internal pancreatic fistulas
Abstract
About 1000 observations of pancreatic cysts and fistulas have been published. Pancreato-pleural fistulas are extremely rare. GD Vilyavin (1977) described a left-sided pancreato-pleural fistula. We did not find any publications on right-sided pancreato-pleural fistulas. Our observation is of interest from the point of view of diagnostics and surgical tactics.
Small bowel tumors in oncology practice and emergency surgery
Abstract
In the structure of diseases of the small intestine, tumor lesions have a small specific weight, but in terms of their severity and unsatisfactory results of treatment they deserve special attention. We have observations of 26 patients with small intestine tumors. 14 people were admitted urgently, 12 were hospitalized for examination in connection with the assumption of an intra-abdominal tumor. There were 14 women, 12 men; the age of patients is from 17 to 68 years, of which almost half (12 people) are not older than 40 years. If we take into account that 2/3 and even more patients with malignant colon tumors are older than 40 years, then a significant difference in the contingent of these two groups of patients becomes noticeable
Polyneoplasia of the gastrointestinal tract
Abstract
Multiple primary tumors can develop both synchronously and metachronically, the latter being diagnosed more often. The frequency of damage to organs and systems is different, but, as a rule, multiple primary tumors are localized in the gastrointestinal tract, then in the skin, mammary gland, and lungs.
X-ray changes in the skeleton in women with menstrual dysfunction
Abstract
We observed 67 women aged 20 to 50 with menstrual dysfunctions. 10 of them had amenorrhea, 11 had Stein Leventhal's syndrome, 43 had dysfunctional uterine bleeding, 3 had menopausal and postmenopausal syndromes, an X-ray examination of the skeleton was conducted, and of various etiologies, osteoarticular changes were found in 45% of these patients.
Recovery of urination after surgery for prolapse and prolapse of the walls of the vagina and uterus
Abstract
Surgical interventions on the uterus and vagina often in the postoperative period lead to atony of the bladder and cystitis. Preventing these complications is essential. From 1972 to 1981, we observed 131 patients over 50 years old after plastic surgery performed by the vaginal way, for prolapse, prolapse of the uterus and vagina. Vaginal extirpation of the uterus according to Mayo was performed in 87 patients, Manchester surgery - in 9, anterior and posterior plastic surgery with levotoroplasty - in 35 patients. All surgeries included musculo-fascial plastic surgery of the bladder and urethra
Acupuncture for postoperative bladder atony
Abstract
Violations of urination, especially after extirpation of the uterus, are a common complication of the postoperative period. They manifest as frequent urination or urinary retention, but patients usually feel the urge to urinate. These complications are amenable to drug therapy and physical therapy. We observed a patient who, after the operation of extirpation of the uterus, did not urinate and did not feel the urge to urinate. They appeared only two months after the operation as a result of acupuncture.
Zonal auriculotherapy for patients with lumbar osteochondrosis
Abstract
The use of known points of auriculotherapy for various painful conditions does not always lead to the desired analgesic effect. It cannot be denied that it is difficult to choose the most effective point. Therefore, to relieve painful conditions, we used zonal auriculotherapy - the technique of the so-called stringing injection.
Hospital "One Day" in the diagnosis of diseases of the lungs and mediastinum
Abstract
The efficiency of the work of the "one day" hospital - prehospital examination of thoracic patients on an outpatient basis is analyzed. It is shown that this form of patient care significantly reduces the time of diagnosis and hospital stay, as well as increases bed turnover and increases the surgical activity of the hospital.
Physiology and hygiene of the elderly
Abstract
Aging is a process of internal, automatic, slow, inevitable, specific wear and tear that develops throughout life, inextricably linked with gradually decreasing and slowing down recovery processes. A healthy lifestyle helps to slow down aging in old age, the main components of which are constant mental and physical work in combination with properly organized rest, a normal psychological microclimate in the family and at work, constant improvement of one's character, rejection of bad habits, systematic physical education and sports, balanced diet.
P.F. Lesgaft's activities at Kazan University
Abstract
The scientific activity of Professor P.F.Lesgaft at Kazan University is a bright page in the history of the medical faculty and a noticeable trace in the social and cultural life of our city. And the so-called Kazan "Lesgaft case" became known throughout Russia.
Diagnostic and tactical errors in oncology
Abstract
When analyzing errors in oncology, the author highlights diagnostic, tactical, technical, organizational errors, as well as inaccuracies in the documentation and behavior of medical personnel. The section on diagnostic errors discusses various stages and forms of recognition: active detection and refined diagnostics.
Transfusion operations
Abstract
In modern clinical medicine, especially in surgery and resuscitation, transfusion methods of treatment occupy an important place. This is due to the success in the procurement, stabilization, preservation and fractionation of blood and bone marrow, the creation of effective blood preparations and blood substitutes for targeted action.