Vol 52, No 1 (1971)

In order to improve the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial infarction in the Soviet Union, since 1958 (in Leningrad), for the first time in the world, specialized cardiological teams of an ambulance station began to work. Currently, anti-infarction service is organized in more than one hundred cities of our country. In the city of Kuibyshev, specialized anti-infarction brigades began to work in April 1962.

Recent studies on the effects of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) in various hypoxic conditions in clinic and experiment have shown sufficient efficacy of this method of treatment. The positive effect of hyperbaric oxygenation is due to an increase in dissolved oxygen in tissues under conditions of elevated pressure. In the national literature, we found no reports on the clinical application of oxygen under increased pressure in the therapy of coronary disease.

Recently, there has been a significant increase in the interest of clinicians in the study of electrolyte balance and imbalance. A number of authors have established the active involvement of electrolytes, particularly K and Na, in myocardial metabolism as well as in the processes of excitation and contraction of the heart muscle. Disturbance of ionic balance in the heart muscle is considered to be the main cause of a number of arrhythmias.

The study of vascular permeability in the clinical setting is necessary both to elucidate individual aspects of disease pathogenesis and to monitor the results of therapeutic interventions. In this regard, the choice of a vascular permeability study method is of great importance. The Landis method has been used in the clinic for a long time; however, detailed testing has shown that it does not reflect the true state of vascular permeability as the created artificial venous hypertension significantly changes haemodynamic parameters and does not create conditions for reflecting the natural state of the histo-haematic barrier function.

Acute and chronic symptomatic gastric and duodenal ulcers occur under various pathological conditions. Symptomatic upper gastrointestinal ulcers are caused by cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system injuries, burns, severe intoxication, thoracic surgery, medication, and the administration of antitetanus serum. Of the clinical features of these ulcers, the absence of ulcerative history, absence of pain and dyspeptic disorders, except vomiting, and the sterility of the physical examination data should be noted. Therefore, these ulcers are undoubtedly much more common than they are diagnosed.

Surgical advances in the treatment of stone cholecystitis have opened up real possibilities of preventing its formidable complications. Nevertheless, the treatment of patients with cholecystitis remains an urgent issue. In discussions on this issue, the relativity of conservative therapy and the consequences of prolonged stone cholecystitis are often forgotten. This may explain the high proportion of patients who have undergone surgery for complicated cholecystitis after cholecystectomy (37.2% in our observations).

The domestic antibiotic morphocycline is a tetracycline derivative and is a porous, dark yellow mass with a faint specific smell, bitter to the taste. The drug is easily soluble in water, in glucose solutions and in saline solution.

Eczema is a disease of an allergic nature. In the pathochemical chain of allergic reactions the content of biologically active substances (histamine, etc.), some proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, cathepsin), changes in the ratio of ions K, Na, Ca, Mg, etc. are increased. The influence of these substances leads to increased vascular permeability, exudation, infiltration, and itching of the skin, which underlie the clinical manifestations of eczematous reactions.

One frequent cause of acute gastrointestinal disease in young children is coli infection. When we examined 1157 children with acute gastrointestinal illnesses for coli infection by fluorescent serology we found pathogenic E. coli serotypes in 35.0+1.4%. This work was carried out in a diagnostic intestinal hospital, where children were admitted with diagnoses: subtoxic or toxic dyspepsia, gastroenteritis, suspected dysentery, food toxicoinfection, coelenteritis, etc.

In the obstetrical and gynaecological clinic of the Bashkir Medical Institute and in other gynaecological hospitals in Ufa an intrauterine injection of ether has been used for many years to stop gynaecological bleeding at the suggestion of Prof. V. V. Tretyakov. The haemostatic effect of intrauterine injection of ether is due to increased contraction of the uterine muscles under the influence of the cooling effect of ether vapour on the uterine walls.

Hormonal imbalance is now considered to be one of the causative factors of genital tumours. Hormone content in blood and its efficacy are determined by the functional state of not only the endocrine gland, but also the liver. The liver is involved in the binding of hormones to proteins; blood plasma, in the biological inactivation of steroid hormones by forming ester compounds of these hormones with sulfuric and glucuronic acids. It is also assumed that the liver possesses antitumour inhibitors, whose activity is reduced when the functional status of the organ is weakened.

In the regulation of inflammation an important role belongs to the nervous system, the study of the state of neuroregulatory mechanisms, in particular acetylcholine and cholinesterase, has a certain importance. We had to find out, how acetylcholine content and cholinesterase activity change in croup and focal pneumonias.

Lymphogranulomatosis is quite common. Isolated damage to the spleen, however, is very rare.

The pathogenesis of muscle diseases such as myotonia and myopathy is still far from being understood. The involvement of the hypothalamus in the regulation of transverse striated muscle activity is not in doubt. This suggests that diencephalic pathology may be associated with movement disorders that depend only on the disruption of the tonotropic influence of the autonomic nervous system on muscle tissue.

Domrachev (1957) used rheumatic nerve blocks in the clinic to treat inflammatory processes in the peritoneum and abdominal organs. Taking into account all the disadvantages of rheumatic nerve blocks according to Cappis, Negeli, Braun, and based on the A. В. Vishnevsky's concept of novocaine application for therapeutic purposes, we developed a new method of blockade of the rheumatic nerves and border sympathetic trunks, which has been practiced since 1951 in various diseases of the abdominal cavity. We studied the topography of novocaine spreading on 20 cadavers by injecting a contrasting substance. Rheumatic nerves, sympathetic trunk, diaphragmatic nerve were in the zone of blockade.

Changes in alkaline phosphatase activity along with clinical parameters and leucocyte counts can serve as a very sensitive test for early detection of a destructive process in the appendix.

The search for tumour cells in circulating blood has recently attracted the attention of many researchers. We studied leukoconcentrates of venous blood in 53 patients with suspected malignancy.

The advent of single-layer cell cultures provided an opportunity to study the effect of toxins on metabolic processes in cells. We investigated the effect of dysentery exotoxin Grigoryev-Shig on cells of the transplanted F1 line.

The sanitation of carriers of pathogenic staphylococci among staff is an important link in the overall management of staphylococcal infections in a maternity unit. This activity is aimed at eliminating one of the main sources of infection.

The reaction of the pulp of teeth prepared for dentures has long attracted the attention of researchers. In order to decipher the subtle mechanisms of human pulp reaction to the preparation of hard tissues for artificial crowns, we conducted a histochemical study of 32 intact teeth removed in connection with orthodontic treatment, mainly in children aged 7-15 years.

Among wartime and peacetime traumatic injuries, cranial and brain wounds are of great importance. The treatment of craniocerebral wounds, however, is still a matter of uncertainty. For example, while the treatment of fresh uncomplicated open craniocerebral injuries is now generally accepted to be primary surgical treatment, there is no consensus on the treatment of septic cranial and brain wounds, and, despite the vast experience accumulated to date, the possibility of surgical treatment and subsequent closure of such wounds with sutures remains controversial.

In view of the sporadic cases of poliomyelitis reported in recent years, the problem of effective control is highly topical.

The technical re-equipment of agriculture, as outlined by the decisions of the XXIII Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, the gradual transformation of agricultural labour into a kind of industrial labour, the growth of cultural and technical level of agricultural workers require a differentiated approach to the organization of medical and sanitary care for certain groups of agricultural workers. In this connection, improving and searching for new forms and methods of medical care for agricultural workers, in particular workers of state farms, is an extremely urgent task.

The method of dissecting the trabecula together with a section of the Schlemm's canal described by Keirns in 1968 and Krasnov and Kolesnikova in 1969 is known. After the conjunctival flap is prepared, a superficial sclera flap is cut out with its base (or apex) towards the limbus. A 2 mm wide strip is cut from the deep layers of the sclera parallel to the limbus. This strip is assumed to include the sclamus canal and trabeculae. The scleral flap and conjunctiva are sutured.

The monograph under review is highly noteworthy. The necessary and sufficient information about the sick children studied, presented in a lapidary style, with references to numerous literary sources, gives a fairly complete picture of the current state of the problem as a whole.

The meeting was held on 8 June 1970 in Gorki. The meeting was chaired by Prof. M.V. Volkov, Director of CITO, Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences.

All-Union Scientific Conference "Gas exchange-70" was held on 17-19/XI 1970 in Kazan, dedicated to 100th birthday of V. I. Ulyanov-Lenin and to 50th anniversary of the Tatar ASSR. The conference covered a wide range of problems related to clinical and theoretical aspects of gas exchange disorders, new techniques and apparatus.