Vol 62, No 2 (1981)

The microbial flora of the pharynx, the activity of lysozyme and the content of immunoglobulin M were studied in 132 newborns with acute respiratory infections. The frequency of detection of Klebsiella, Enterobacter and their associations with Staphylococcus aureus is different in complicated and uncomplicated forms of acute respiratory infections. The possibility of prolonged persistence of Klebsielli Escherichia in the pharynx (6-13 days) has been shown. The development of bacterial complications is determined by the state of reactivity.

The data on the outbreak of enterovirus infection in 1979 are presented. 113 patients were under observation. Among the various clinical forms of this pathology, serous meningitis and minor illness were distinguished.

When analyzing 500 case histories of newborns with pneumonia, it was stated that the frequency of recurrent and protracted pneumonia was 14.8%: factors influencing their occurrence are pneumomycoplasmosis, superinfection, immaturity of the child's body, unfavorable premorbid background.

The results of examination of 195 children are presented: 145 newborns with toxic erythema and 50 healthy newborns. Anamnesis of children, clinical picture, morphological composition of peripheral blood and cytochemical parameters of blood leukocytes were studied in detail. All the data obtained were used to determine the prognosis of the further development of children with toxic erythema of newborns. Compiled prognostic coefficients for establishing the timing of the development of exudative diathesis.

Analysis of the immediate results of cystectomy in 159 patients showed that, in order to prevent peritonitis after cystectomy with ureterocoloanastomosis, it is advisable to combine intraoperative novocaine blockade of the nervous intermesenteric tract with ureter transplantation into the sigmoid part of the intestine below the sacro-lumbar joint or into the rectum, the rectum. In operations of bladder replacement with an intestinal graft (122 patients), a double-row uretero-intestinal anastomosis and suprapubic drainage of the intestinal reservoir are recommended. This significantly reduces the possibility of developing urinary peritonitis.

In 83 patients, cholecystectomy was performed from the median approach using rack retractors. Incisional hernia was detected in 1 of them, or in 1.2%, while in the group of patients who underwent cholecystectomy through oblique approaches, incisional hernia developed in 9.1% - in 3 of 33 operated patients. Optimality of access was studied by measuring the depth of the wound before and after correction, with the elimination of obstacles (liver and right costal arch). In order to eliminate interference, a universal rack-mount expander for the liver and gallbladder has been designed.

During X-ray therapy of 86 patients with a developed form of syringomyelia, the simultaneous administration of cystamine hydrobromide as a protector prevented the development of complications from radiation therapy. In parallel, the clinical course of the disease improved.

26 patients with anxiety-depressive syndrome were treated with Hidifen. The most pronounced sedative effect of the drug was in reactive depression, as well as in relatively mild forms of involutional melancholy. Sedation is not accompanied by relaxation phenomena; a slight stimulating effect on mental functions is found. The tranquilizing effect of the drug is combined with its pronounced vegetotropic activity. Treatment with Gidifen is not accompanied by side effects and complications. The drug can be used both in a hospital setting and in an outpatient practice for the treatment of various depressive conditions.

The emergence of gram-negative septicemia in humans can be facilitated by a number of factors: 1) insufficiently effective treatment of foci of infection; 2) development of resistance of microorganisms to antibacterial agents; 3) decrease in the resistance of patients, including as a result of chronic debilitating diseases; 4) long-term therapy with corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and cytostatic drugs. The most essential link in the pathogenesis of septicemia is the effect on the body of bacterial endotoxins.

The purpose of our work was to study phagocytic parameters, complement titer, lysozyme level in the blood serum of ARVI patients, depending on the period of the disease, the presence of complications and taking into account the premorbid background.

We studied the features of the anamnesis in 148 children - 95 girls and 53 boys, suffering from gastroenterological diseases. At the time of examination, almost all patients were diagnosed with a combined lesion of the stomach and biliary tract: chronic gastritis, mainly with increased acid-forming function and biliary dyskinesia.

We observed a group nosocomial disease of salmonellosis caused by S. typhimurium. The source was a cook with a subclinical form of this infection. 18 adults fell ill — 13 patients from one department, 4 employees of the same department and a cook of the food block. The first cases of the disease appeared 4 hours after lunch, the subsequent ones - after 30 hours. In 14 patients, the incubation period ranged from 4 to 12 hours, in the rest the incubation period could not be established.

We have studied the case histories of 200 patients who applied for a consultation at the allergological center of the regional clinical hospital No. 1. 83.5% of them are women. 70 patients in the past were treated for a long time for various diseases: 19 - from rheumatism, 15 - from tuberculosis, 14 - from hypertension, 13 - from diseases of the kidneys and urinary tract, 5 - from diseases of the endocrine organs (diabetes, goiter) and 4 - from anemia.

R., 17 years old, was taken to the infectious diseases department of the Nurlat-Oktyabrskaya Central District Hospital from the local hospital on the 6th day of illness with a diagnosis of eye diphtheria, pharynx (?); stomatitis. Works as a tractor driver on a collective farm. He harrowed the land on a tractor, a team of seeders was working 100 m away (they sowed pickled wheat).

We tested the preparation of extracellular proteins of actinomycete (VA) as an antigen in serological diagnostics of actinomycosis in the clinic. The study used blood serum samples from 25 patients who were in the Bashkir Republican Dermatovenerologic Dispensary for examination for actinomycosis. The samples obtained from patients in the dynamics of the disease were tested in the complement binding reaction (CSC) with BA and in parallel with the most common antigenic drug at present - actinolysate.

Our task was to find out how the protein composition of breast milk of women with different functional activity of the thyroid gland (TTTZ) changes under the influence of taking potassium iodide and triiodothyronine.

In 351 patients operated on for prostate adenoma, the dependence of the frequency of various complications on the amount of blood loss during surgery and in the postoperative period was studied. One-stage adenomectomy was performed in 207 patients, two-stage - 144. Both types of operations were performed by transvesical access.

In medical practice, the individual characteristics of the response to the introduction of the same doses of the drug are often noted. In old manuals one can find references to "medicinal idiosyncrasies" as extreme degrees of deviation of individual reactions, but without any explanation of the mechanisms. Attempts have been made to explain unusual drug reactions in terms of allergy [4, 8]. However, only the advances in genetics made it possible to reveal the individual characteristics of the response to various pharmacological drugs. The starting point for solving the problem was the research that showed that the concept of the "norm" of enzyme activity in various fluids and tissues of the body is very conditional and that there is a wide range of fluctuations in the activity of enzymes in different individuals. This phenomenon is determined by the genetic heterogeneity of the enzyme-producing cells. It turned out that even in monozygous twins, the enzyme activity is different; this gave grounds to speak about the biochemical individuality of the organism [13].

The experience of treating 310 patients with various stages of functional obstruction of the cardia is generalized. The existence of two pathogenetic forms of the disease - achalasic and cardiospastic - was confirmed. To facilitate differential diagnosis, a table has been compiled in which the characteristic symptoms of both forms are compared. As the main method of treatment of functional obstruction of the cardia, apparatus pneumocardiodilation is recommended, which allows obtaining excellent and good long-term results in 75% of patients. 25% of patients need repeated courses, and if they are ineffective - in surgical treatment.

Data were obtained indicating the role of the toxic-allergic factor in the formation of the symptom complex of lesions of the organ of vision by hydrocarbons.

The issue of euthanasia - the acceleration of the death of a patient in a terminal state, at the request of the patient or his relatives - is one of the most difficult issues of medical morality and medical duty. Modern moral and legal considerations reject the possibility of euthanasia. The doctor must, with all the means at his disposal, fight for the patient's life until his last heartbeat. Practice confirms these theses at every step, because what seemed incurable yesterday is already amenable to treatment today. Particularly striking evidence of the inadmissibility of euthanasia are the successes of reanimatology in recent years.