Vol 64, No 1 (1983)
Communist morality as the basis of medical ethics
Abstract
Одной из актуальных проблем, поставленных перед системой здравоохранения на XXVI съезде КПСС, является воспитание врача с высокими нравственными принципами строителя коммунизма. Научно-методологической основой решения всех вопросов, связанных с врачебной этикой, служит марксистско-ленинское понимание морали. К. Маркс и Ф. Энгельс уделяли большое внимание вопросам морали, выявлению ее роли в новом бесклассовом обществе. Ф. Энгельс писал, что мораль истинно человеческая, стоящая выше классовых противоречий, станет возможной лишь на такой ступени развития общества, когда не только будет уничтожена противоположность классов, но изгладится и след ее в практической жизни [1]. Дальнейшее развитие проблемы коммунистической морали получили в трудах В. И. Ленина, особенно в его произведении «Задачи союзов молодежи». Выступая на III съезде комсомола, В. И. Ленин раскрыл основные принципы коммунистической морали, дал широкую программу нравственного воспитания молодежи, выделил действенный характер морали нового общества. «В основе коммунистической нравственности— подчеркнул В. И. Ленин,— лежит борьба за укрепление и завершение коммунизма»[2]. Из этого высшего принципа коммунистической морали вытекают и все остальные нормы морали нашего общества, такие как коммунистическое отношение к труду, выполнение общественного долга и т. д.



Activity of serum dehydrogenases in acute pneumonia
Abstract
The activity of lactate, malate, glutamate and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenases was studied in the blood serum of 107 patients with acute pneumonia with various clinical variants of the course of the disease, as well as in 22 rabbits with experimental staphylococcal pneumonia in lung tissue homogenate and blood serum. It was found that the change in the activity of the studied enzymes in the blood serum in the dynamics of the disease reflects metabolic disorders in the lungs, the level of damage to cell structures.



Pulmonary gas exchange in patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases
Abstract
The results of the study of the relationship of all indicators of pulmonary gas exchange in 188 patients with chronic nonspecific lung diseases with obstructive process are presented. It is shown that the cause of respiratory insufficiency and arterial hypoxemia in these diseases are violations of ventilation-diffusion-perfusion relations.



Blood groups in patients with respiratory tuberculosis
Abstract
The distribution of blood groups of the ABO system was studied in 455 patients with various forms of tuberculosis and 3321 healthy donors. It was found that blood type B (III) was more common in patients (27.9%) than in healthy (21.3%). The severe course of the tuberculosis process in the lungs was observed mainly in patients with blood group B (III), while in those with blood group AB (IV), the disease was productive.



On the possibility of local outbreaks of tuberculosis during the endemic period
Abstract
Of the group of children who had been in contact with an unknown source of tuberculosis infection for no more than 6 months, 35.1% were infected and 9.4% of children became ill with intra-thoracic tuberculosis. This situation is interpreted as a local outbreak of the disease during the endemic period of tuberculosis caused by an unknown source of infection in children with reduced specific immunity.



The course of pneumoconiosis caused by the dust of calcareous-dolomite rocks
Abstract
During the examination of 536 workers who were exposed to lime-dolomite dust for a long time in production conditions, 40 people were diagnosed with interstitial form of pneumoconiosis, the clinical picture of which was characterized by shortness of breath, cough, chest pain. Six-year dynamic clinical and radiological observation showed the benign course of the disease.



The use of immune drugs for the treatment of patients with acute staphylococcal pneumonia
Abstract
In patients with acute staphylococcal pneumonia, which occurred against the background of chronic obstructive bronchitis, pronounced changes in the immunological reactivity of the body were revealed, manifested by a decrease in the ability of T-lymphocytes to blast transformation, inhibition and deregulation of the interaction of T- and B-immune systems, a decrease in nonspecific protection factors. The effectiveness of the use of targeted immune drugs and retabolil in the complex treatment of patients has been established. In addition, their use reduces the possibility of sluggish lingering pneumonia.



The use of terrilitin in the treatment of patients with nonspecific lung diseases
Abstract
The effectiveness of the proteolytic enzyme terrilitin, used in the form of tracheobronchial infusions in patients with chronic bronchitis and administered by electrophoresis in patients with acute pneumonia, was studied. Positive results were obtained, indicating an improvement in the drainage function of the bronchi, especially in patients with chronic bronchitis. The appointment of terrilitin is indicated for non-specific lung diseases.



The state of some indicators of hemostasis and kallikrein-kinin system in patients with atherosclerotic occlusion of the arteries of the lower extremities
Abstract
Based on the results of the study of hemostasis and kallikrein-kinin system indicators in patients with atherosclerotic occlusion of the arteries of the lower extremities, an increase in kinpnoobrazovatelny function and increased fibrinolysis were established while maintaining a high thrombotic potential of the blood. In complex therapy for uncomplicated course of the disease, it is necessary to include activators of the kallikrein-kinin system (padutin, delminal, etc.), and in complicated course — inhibitors (anginin, prodectin).



Thermal inactivation of tissue thromboplastin
Abstract
Thermal inactivation of a tissue thromboplastin is a reaction of a complex order, including, in addition to denaturation of the apoprotein, disorganization of lipid components. When heated under aerobic conditions, the oxidation of thromboplastin also contributes to its inactivation. Storage of tissue thromboplastin preparations under anaerobic conditions increases their biological stability.



Effect of modification of the protein part of thromboplastin (factor III) on its interaction with factors VII and Viii
Abstract
The effect of enzymatic modification of the protein part of thromboplastin on its interaction with factors VII and V. was studied. It has been shown that the effect of papain on apoprotein disrupts the interaction of these factors with thromboplastin, resulting in the formation of a factor X activator with less activity than before modification.



Distribution of 5'-nucleotidase and thromboplastic activity in human tissues
Abstract
The distribution of 5-nucleotidase activity and thromboplastic activity in human tissues was studied. The greatest activity of 5-nucleotidase and tissue thromboplastin was found in the microsomal fraction. During homogenization, the activity of 5-nucleotidase and tissue thromboplastin was not separated. The membrane structures of the aortic endothelium have the highest 5-nucleotidase and thromboplastic activity compared to the membrane fraction of the middle layer of the aorta.



Thromboplastinemia in patients with acute traumatic brain injury
Abstract
The dynamics of blood 5'-nucleotidase activity and the state of the hemocoagulation system were studied in 47 patients with acute traumatic brain injury. An increase in the activity of blood 5'-nucleotidase was found in all observations, directly correlating with the degree of intravascular activation of the blood coagulation system. It is assumed that the main cause of these shifts is the arrival of thromboplastin from the foci of destruction of brain tissue, an indicator of which is the increased activity of 5'-nucleotidase of blood.



The use of thymalin for the treatment of thermal injury
Abstract
It has been shown that the use of a low-molecular polypeptide from thymus cells - thymalin - in patients with burns shortens the time of the first autoplasty, improves the results of engraftment of autografts, increases the number of T-lymphocytes, "active" T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes and the concentration of Ig A, reduces complement activity. At the same time, the intensity of intravascular coagulation decreases and fibrinolysis is activated. The most favorable time for the use of thymalin is 6-15 days after thermal injury.



Mathematical modeling in the study of optic nerve pathology
Abstract
Based on mathematical modeling, a method for a comprehensive assessment of the fundus elements is proposed. With the help of a computer, the average statistical indicators of the elements of the optic nerve disk in 240 people were calculated. Quantitative differences were revealed in groups of healthy individuals with glaucoma and with optic nerve atrophy. A correlation analysis of statistical data is recommended to clarify the pathogenesis of specific glaucomatous atrophy of the optic nerve.






Population profile of lymphocytes of patients with obstructive jaundice
Abstract
The rosette formation method determined the content of T- and B-lymphocytes of venous blood in 16 patients with extrahepatic cholestasis. The number of T-lymphocytes in extrahepatic cholestasis is reduced, and B-lymphocytes are increased. The proportional dependence of this decrease on the increase in the level of direct bilirubin in the blood has not been established.



The content of free amino acids in blood serum in chronic myeloid leukemia and idiopathic myelofibrosis
Abstract
The results of studies of the content of free amino acids in blood serum in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and idiopathic myelofibrosis are analyzed. In chronic myeloid leukemia, the level of methionine +-valine, leucine + isoleucine was reduced, and cystine, serine and glycine were elevated. With myelofibrosis, a decrease in the concentration of lysine, histidine, arginine and to a lesser extent methionine + valine, aspartic acid and serine was found. The content of alanine, glutamic acid, and cysteine is increased. The nature of metabolic disorders of amino acids in the blood serum in these diseases, along with similarities, has fairly clear differences. The specificity of the latter in combination with other signs may become one of the early biochemical criteria for the differential diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia and myelofibrosis.



Immunotherapy of patients with chronic nonspecific salpingoophoritis
Abstract
The state of cellular and humoral immunity was studied in 80 patients with chronic nonspecific salpingoophoritis. At the stage of remission of the process, a comprehensive allergological examination was carried out. Bacterial sensitization was diagnosed in 41 patients, 19 of them —monovalent, mainly to staphylococcus, 22 - in polyvalent combinations. Sensitization determined the nature of changes in the indicators of specific immunity and the features of the clinical course of the disease. Differentiated therapy was carried out taking into account the altered reactivity by the method of specific hyposensitization with bacterial allergens and levamisole. Sustained remission was obtained.



The content of free amino acids in blood serum in chronic myeloid leukemia and idiopathic myelofibrosis
Abstract
Treatment of open limb injuries remains one of the urgent and not yet fully resolved issues in modern traumatology (13, 18, 29, 37). Significant frequency of these injuries [50], a large number of complications [17, 19, 52, 54], unsatisfactory outcomes, a fairly high percentage of disability and mortality make this a major problem in traumatology. Due to the increased industrialization of the country, an increase in the fleet of heavy-duty and high-speed vehicles, intensive construction of high-rise buildings [38], the number of severe open limb injuries has increased. The specific weight in the total number of diaphyseal fractures ranges from 27.3 to 53% [10, 31, 53, 57]. Very often, open injuries of long tubular bones are combined with traumatic brain injury, shock, blood loss, severe damage and crushing of soft tissues and vascular, nerve formations [29, 53]






An atypical case of Marfan syndrome
Abstract
Marfan syndrome is a relatively rare disease characterized by a primary congenital defect of connective tissue, which is based on dystrophic changes in fibrous structures caused by impaired metabolism of chondroitinseric and glucuronic acid. The classic signs of this syndrome are lesions of the musculoskeletal system, eyes, heart and large vessels.



Surgical treatment of rupture of both kidneys in hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
Abstract
Spontaneous rupture of the kidneys is a formidable complication of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, usually occurs against the background of severe acute renal failure, sharply aggravates the already serious condition of patients, being a frequent cause of their death. Surgical treatment of such patients was previously considered contraindicated.












Measures to reduce oncogynecological morbidity in the Udmurt ASSR
Abstract
The UASSR is actively working on the early detection of cervical cancer and precancerous diseases of the female genital area with the use of a cytological examination method during preventive examinations. The number of cytological studies increased from 29 thousand in 1969 to 430 thousand in 1980, as a result, the proportion of actively identified patients with cervical cancer among newly registered increased from 23.3 to 89.1%- Over the same period, the incidence of this localization of cancer per 100 thousand. the population decreased by 2 times, and the number of neglected cases among women newly registered decreased by 6 times.



Combination of uterine fibroids with malignant granulocellular ovarian tumor
Abstract
Granulocellular ovarian tumor is often combined with uterine fibroids. The presence of fibroids makes it difficult to detect ovarian tumors, and patients are not hospitalized for a long time. In some cases, they receive conservative treatment contraindicated to them, which promotes tumor growth.



Diagnosis of infertility of unclear origin
Abstract
The diagnostic capabilities of modern research methods (laparoscopy, ultrasound echography, the concentration of steroid hormones in peritoneal fluid, blood plasma, urine) were studied in order to identify and analyze the causes of infertility of unclear genesis.



To the method of removing foreign bodies from the respiratory tract
Abstract
The ingestion, localization of foreign bodies and subsequent changes in tissues and various complications in childhood have certain features, and sometimes it seems "obvious-incredible". Often therapeutic tactics require an individual approach. Of interest is the case of extraction of a foreign body from the right interstitial bronchus.



X-ray morphological diagnostics of oncological diseases of the chest organs
Abstract
The analysis of complex clinical and radiological examination (X-ray, radiography, tomography, bronchography, bronchoscopy) of 64 patients with lung and mediastinal diseases in combination with transthoracic aspiration biopsy is presented. The details of the survey methodology are noted. Clear puncture results were obtained in 70.3%. The technique is simple and can be recommended for wide use in thoracic departments.



About miscarriage of pregnancy
Abstract
Based on the observation of 782 women who were on inpatient treatment for threatened miscarriage and premature birth, it was found that the most common cause of termination of pregnancy were previous abortions, chronic extragenital diseases, infectious diseases of the genitals and urinary tract, isthmic-cervical insufficiency due to previous pathological childbirth and abortions.



To substantiate the tactics of immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases in modern conditions
Abstract
The basic principles of the work of offices (receptions) for the immunoprophylaxis of infectious diseases in modern conditions are highlighted. For the immunization of children with altered reactivity, gentle methods of immunization of DPT, DS, AS anatoxin and the appointment of hyposensitizing agents are proposed. The purpose of the offices is to reduce the number of non-immunized children.



Epidemiological characteristics of salmonellosis in the Tatar ASSR
Abstract
The main regularities of the epidemic process of salmonellosis in the Tatar ASSR for 1960-1980 are characterized. In various administrative territories, the epidemic process of salmonellosis has common patterns. The increase in morbidity since 1976 is mainly due to the nosocomial spread of the disease among young children.



Regional features of malaria epidemiology
Abstract
Imported cases of malaria have been noted in the TASSR over the past 3 years. During the medical care of patients, a number of mistakes were made that could lead to the occurrence of local cases of the disease. In order to preserve epidemiological well-being in the republic, it is necessary to carry out a full range of preventive and anti-epidemic measures.






Antithrombotic therapy in clinical practice, new in theory, diagnosis, treatment
Abstract
The problem of thrombosis remains extremely relevant for clinical practice and continues to attract the attention of scientists around the world working in various fields of theoretical and clinical medicine. Therefore, the II All-Union Conference on Antithrombotic Therapy was attended by prominent therapists, surgeons, physiologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, pathologists from the USSR, GDR, Czechoslovakia, VNR, USA, Germany. Sweden, Austria. At 11 meetings, a wide range of issues related to new approaches to antithrombotic therapy and new ideas about the process of intravascular blood clotting were considered.



Professor Zarif Shakirovich Zagidullin
Abstract
The scientific and medical community of our country suffered a heavy loss: on August 5, 1982, the Honored Doctor of the RSFSR, Honored Scientist of the Bashkir ASSR, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Zarif Shakirovich Zagidullin died suddenly.



On 30/IX—2/X 1982, a plenum of the problem commission "Allergology and Clinical Immunology" of the Scientific Council on Immunology of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences was held in Kazan
Abstract
On 30/IX—2/X 1982, a plenum of the problem commission "Allergology and Clinical Immunology" of the Scientific Council on Immunology of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences was held in Kazan.The plenum was organized by the Ministry of Health of the USSR, the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, the Research Institute of Immunology of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, the Ministry of Health of the RSFSR, the Ministry of Health of the TASSR, the Kazan Medical Institute, Kazan GIDUV, Kazan Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, the Scientific Society of Pathophysiologists of the TASSR.


