Vol 52, No 6 (1971)
Etiological structure and epidemiological features of dysentery in the Tatar ASSR
Abstract
In urban areas, the incidence of dysentery is four times higher than in rural areas. This can be explained by greater overcrowding, greater contact of the urban population, especially children, through organised collectives and deficiencies in sanitation.



On connective tissue, organ and arterial sclerosis in norm and pathology
Abstract
In humans, connective tissue emerges and develops from mesenchyme intrauterus, whose soft and dense varieties differ in functional morphology and architectonics. Soft tissues include: reticular tissue of bone marrow and other hematopoietic organs, thin fibrous tissue of mucous membranes (stomach, intestines and other organs), fatty subcutaneous and interorganic tissue (abdominal cavity and other places), adventitial tissue (aorta and other blood vessels, esophagus and ureters, etc.).



Serum cholinesterase dynamics in collagenosis
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a change in the symptomatology of collagen diseases. The increase in the frequency of sluggish forms due to the low severity of the clinical picture and the frequent absence of characteristic changes in laboratory parameters has made it more difficult to recognise them. Concomitant circulatory insufficiency "dampens" the signs of process activity, hiding the true nature of the disease. Therefore, the search continues for additional criteria to facilitate diagnosis.



Incidence of myocardial infarction according to data from Ufa hospitals for 1965-1969
Abstract
We analysed the incidence of myocardial infarction on the basis of hospital records in Ufa over a period of 5 years. The percentage of hospitalised with cardiovascular diseases increased from 26.2 in 1965 to 32.1 in 1969. 55.6% of those hospitalized were patients with atherosclerosis and hypertension. The percentage of hospitalised patients with myocardial infarction increased from 6.5 to 13.9 over a five-year period.



Effect of methylmethionine sulfonium chloride (vitamin U) on the course of experimental and clinical atherosclerosis
Abstract
The questions of pathogenesis and treatment of atherosclerosis are still insufficiently studied, largely controversial and contradictory. Therefore, finding and studying the mechanism of action of new biologically active substances is an important task. Promising are agents that can intervene in the intimate processes of tissue metabolism. It has recently been established that methyl groups play a major role in cell life. The main suppliers of these groups are choline, methionine, and vitamin B12 and folic acid are involved in their transport.



Results of bicillin-medication prophylaxis for rheumatism
Abstract
This paper describes the results of a six-year follow-up and bicillin-medication prophylaxis in patients with rheumatism of workers (construction workers, metallurgists), whose work is associated with exposure to adverse meteorological factors (cooling or overheating, exposure to contrasting temperatures). It should be taken into account that the observation was carried out in the Kama region climatic conditions with moderate continental climate, rather cold winter (average temperature in January minus 15°), frequent strong winds, rainy weather, especially in spring-autumn time.



Cough assisted therapy in the treatment of lung diseases
Abstract
As noted by many authors, among the measures aimed at improving the drainage function of the bronchi, the leading place belongs to bronchoscopy. We used bronchoscopy in combination with artificial coughing apparatus (ICAR-1), created by All-Russian Research Institute of Medical Instruments and Equipment. As a result of pressure difference created by artificial cough pushes, bronchial contents are extracted from small and medium bronchi into large ones, from where sputum is aspirated with the help of special suction device available in the apparatus.



Radiobronchographic parallels in chronic nonspecific lung disease in children
Abstract
The present report draws a parallel between non-contrast radiological and bronchographic pictures of chronic nonspecific lung diseases with marked clinical manifestations. The work is based on radiological examination of 241 children aged 4 months to 15 years (108 of them from 4 months to 7 years).



Therapeutic efficacy of hexaphosphamide in chronic myeloleukemia
Abstract
We followed up 27 patients with chronic myeloleukemia (17 women and 10 men aged 21-70 years). Fourteen patients were treated with hexaphosphamide as inpatients and 13 as outpatients. The duration of the disease ranged from 1 to 8 years. Twenty-six patients had an advanced stage II of the disease and one had a terminal stage. All patients had severe leukaemic disease.



Experience in diagnosing and treating acute poisoning
Abstract
We have summarised our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of acute poisoning in the therapeutic department of the 6th City Clinical Hospital. Over the last 3 years, 228 such patients were admitted for treatment. Thirty-three of them were acutely poisoned by chlorophos, 15 by sleeping pills, 13 by acetic acid, 102 by alcohol and 65 by other poisons. The age of the patients varied from 17 to 60 years, mostly 20-30 years old. Three types of poisoning are analysed below: chlorophos, sleeping pills, alcohol.



Hepato-duodenal ligament ligation in liver injuries
Abstract
We observed 88 patients with various liver injuries (age ranging from 2 to 70 years). Stab wounds occurred in 34 patients, gunshot wounds in 8 patients, and closed injuries in 46 patients. Thirteen patients (14.7%) died, including 11 (23.9%) from closed injuries.



Invasive cholecystostomy
Abstract
In acute cholecystitis and cholelithiasis cholecystostomy is often performed for certain indications. The appropriateness of this sparing, organ-preserving, draining and life-saving operation in severe, elderly and old patients with biliary peritonitis and acute liver dysfunction is recognised by many surgeons.



Bone tissue reparative regeneration during operations with bone-adipose decortication
Abstract
The problem of reparative bone regeneration is one of the most important issues in traumatology and orthopaedics. In the surgical treatment of fractures, false joints, bone defects, etc., the most effective methods of intervention are sought to create optimal conditions for skeletal reparative regeneration.



Experience of lengthening lower limbs in adults
Abstract
Despite great advances in the development of limb lengthening techniques, the operation still remains one of the most difficult orthopedic interventions. Limb lengthening is particularly difficult in adults, which is why many orthopedists strongly advocate it only in children, believing that even in adolescents it can only be performed on an exceptional basis. For this reason, the material of many modern clinicians is based almost exclusively on children and adolescents.



Preparing trophic ulcers for autodermoplasty
Abstract
The success of free flap surgery depends mainly on the condition of the percutaneous bed and the general preparation of the patients. The failure rate (complete necrosis of the grafted skin flap) ranges from 4.23 to 18.2 and partial graft necrosis from 5.08 to 30.0.



Sensitisation to Pseudomonas bacillus
Abstract
21 experimental series of Pseudomonas bacillus allergen were obtained (according to the Ando-Werzhikovsky method) in the allergological laboratory of the Kazan Research Institute of Allergology. Biochemical and cultural properties of the strains, harmlessness and sterility of the preparation were checked according to the method generally accepted for bacterial preparations.



Benign infectious lymphoreticulosis
Abstract
We observed benign infectious lymphoreticulosis in 3 girls and 2 boys aged 6; 8; 9; 11 and 14 years. They all lived in a rural area. According to medical history, the duration of infection was 3 weeks in 2 children, 5 weeks in 1 child, 6 weeks in 1 child and 8 weeks in 1 child. One child became infected in March, 2 in April, 1 in October and 1 in November.



Study of fluid outflow from the eye with anterior displacement of the iridocorneal diaphragm
Abstract
The known ring compression tests used in ophthalmology apply pressure to the anterior part of the eye, so the iris-ciris diaphragm must be displaced to the back. All authors use compressors in the form of a continuous ring. This causes blockage of the drainage pathways, and the results depend not so much on the outflow but on the formation of intraocular fluid. The aim of this proposal is to create a method that would allow aqueous outflow of aqueous humour to be investigated with uniform anterior displacement of the iridocorneal diaphragm and a precisely dosed compression load. This creates the conditions for impaired intraocular fluid circulation in the glaucoma-prone eye.



Use of heparin in the treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis
Abstract
Properly administered antimicrobial therapy has positive results in most cases. However, the effectiveness of treatment of tuberculosis patients with modern bacteriostatic drugs is reduced due to the variability of tuberculous mycobacteria and their ability to adapt to changed conditions. The use of heparin in combination with antibacterial drugs in the treatment of tuberculosis is not covered in the literature.



Measurement of blood specific gravity as an early diagnosis of late toxaemia in pregnant women
Abstract
The balance of Na and K salts, and therefore the distribution of water in the body, is regulated by aldosterone, which increases 10-12 and even 20 times in normal pregnancy. According to I. Eskin, the ability of aldosterone to retain Na in tissues is 20-25 times higher than that of deoxycorticosterone. An excessive amount of Na+ can cause latent and visible oedema.



Female fertility in Stein-Leventhal syndrome
Abstract
We have information on 170 pregnancies in patients with Stein-Leventhal syndrome. Table 1 shows comparative data on pregnancy outcomes in patients with this disease and in healthy women. Attention is drawn to the high frequency of abortion in patients; undermaturity occurs 4 times more often in them; some had habitual undermaturity.



Towards the laboratory diagnosis of meningococcal infections
Abstract
We experimented with inoculating test material from the nasopharynx onto 1 cup of 20% serum agar and half a cup of elective medium with ristomycin and, in parallel, onto enrichment medium. Material was taken with two dry swabs: one was inoculated on nutrient-dense media, the other was submerged in enrichment medium, 0.1% semi-liquid agar containing 20 ml of serum and 0.75 ml of ristomycin solution (20,000 units per ml) in 190 ml of medium.



Help for heart injuries at a district hospital
Abstract
During 1967-1970, 3 patients were treated at the surgical department of the Kovylkina Central Hospital for penetrating wounds to the thorax with damage to the heart. In 1 of them the heart injury was penetrating and in 2 - non-penetrating. The wounds were caused by sharp objects (knife, screwdriver).



Inhalation anaesthesia in an orthopaedic trauma unit
Abstract
The present report summarizes the experience of administering 1859 inhalational anesthesia to 1745 orthopaedic and traumatologic patients treated in the Republican Hospital of the Mari Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic during the last 10 years (1960-1969). The age of the patients ranged from 2 months to 85 years, 128 patients were older than 50 years.



Echoencephalography for intracranial haematomas
Abstract
The diagnosis of intracranial haematomas is very difficult. Along with the use of clinical and other methods of examination, we have been using one-dimensional echoencephalography since 1969 using a domestic VNIIPM Echo-11 echoencephalograph. During the last 9 years 115 patients with traumatic intracranial hematomas were detected, 17 of them were in extremely severe condition and died soon after, despite of resuscitation measures taken. Intracranial haematomas were found in them at autopsy.



Early diagnosis of traumatic lycvorrhoea
Abstract
Over the years, in the observation and treatment of patients with traumatic and postoperative diquorrhoea, it has been observed that the stains remaining on bed linen from pure blood and blood mixed with cerebrospinal fluid are not the same. Stains remaining after nasal or ear secretion of pure blood are characterised by a scarlet colour with clear margins; stains formed after drying of secretions containing blood mixed with cerebrospinal fluid tend to be pink of varying intensity (depending on the percentage of blood to cerebrospinal fluid), from intensely pink to slightly pink, with an even lighter rim around the margins.



Fractures of the ulna combined with posterior dislocation of the radial head in children
Abstract
Fracture of the ulna with dislocation of the radial head to the back is rare, especially in children. We observed 5 boys and 2 girls with these injuries (age range 4-12 years). All but one of the victims presented with a fresh injury. Damage to the left limb predominated (in 5).






Sclerosing therapy for varicose veins
Abstract
When treating patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities, we used a mixture of 2-5 ml of iodine (2.5%) and sodium iodide (3.5%) water solutions. Patients were treated as outpatients. Contraindications were acute thrombophlebitis, obliterating endarteritis of the lower extremities, insufficient permeability of deep veins and severe general diseases.



Rеndu-Osler syndrome
Abstract
Randu-Osler syndrome is characterised by multiple congenital telangiectases. Here is our observation. G., 6 years old, presented on 24/III 1969 with tumor-like (sacciform) masses in the elbow and knee joints. He had been ill for about 4 years and was treated as an outpatient. Over the last year his condition had deteriorated: he had lost weight, his skin had become pale and there had been subcutaneous haemorrhages.



To the acute household poisoning with inorganic mercury compounds
Abstract
1. C., aged 24, was treated for head lice on the advice of a dermatologist by rubbing grey mercury ointment into his skin. He used 60 g of the ointment containing 18 g of mercury for 3 days. By the end of the 3rd day, epigastric pain, a metallic taste in the mouth, hypersalivation, weakness, one-time liquid stools, headache appeared.



Blood potassium and sodium levels after gastric resection
Abstract
After gastric resection for peptic ulcer disease more or less pronounced abnormalities in the functional state of the organs and various kinds of metabolism, including mineral one, are registered. However their character is not always the same depending on many reasons among which not the last place is occupied by a method and volume of gastric resection, in one way or another determining the postoperative period.



Towards the recognition of gastric tuberculosis
Abstract
Tuberculosis of the stomach and duodenum is a rare disease. According to numerous authors, not a single patient has been diagnosed with the disease before surgery. In most cases, the pyloro-antral region of the stomach is affected by tuberculosis. We have found only one report in the literature of a case of tuberculosis affecting the cardiac region of the stomach, simulating gastric cancer.



Surgeon's tactics for Crohn's disease
Abstract
In 1923, Crohn's described inflammatory changes in the terminal small intestine as a disease in its own right. Since then there have been descriptions in the literature of isolated cases of this disorder, called terminal ileitis, or Crohn's disease.



Urethral melanoma
Abstract
Urethral melanoma is an extremely rare disease. During 8 years (1962-1969) 103 patients with melanomas of different localizations were admitted to the hospital, only 2 (1.94%) of them had urethral lesions. During the same period malignant urethral tumours were seen in 21 patients.



Intra-abdominal bleeding from fibromatous nodule vessels after abortion
Abstract
According to the literature, intra-abdominal bleeding due to rupture of a variceal vein in a uterine myoma is very rare. Я. С. Klenitzky (1962) indicates that about 100 cases of abdominal bleeding due to rupture of a blood vessel in the tumour have been described in the world literature. It is almost always a venous rupture and rarely an arterial rupture.



Haemodialysis for haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFHS)
Abstract
The most severe clinical and prognostic syndrome in hemorrhagic fever is renal damage and associated acute disorders of nitrogen and water-salt metabolism and acid-base balance, requiring hemodialysis for successful treatment. Cases with severe signs of meningo-encephalitis with renal, haemorrhagic and other changes are particularly severe.



The use of sodium bicarbonate in some forms of vestibular dysfunction
Abstract
There were 20 patients in whom we administered a 7% solution of sodium bicarbonate (follow-up period from 1 to 10 months). Fourteen patients had Meniere's disease, four had vestibulopathy and two had cochleo-vestibular syndrome. In 3 of these patients the tympanic cord and tympanic plexus had been previously resected. However, after 6 months to 2.5 years, they relapsed. Eleven people with Meniere's disease had a unilateral lesion and 3 had a bilateral lesion.



Organising the fight against rheumatism in the Mordovian ASSR
Abstract
Due to the measures taken to combat rheumatism in recent years the quality indicators of rheumatological service in medical institutions of Mordovia have somewhat improved. Morbidity per 1000 population was 5.3 in 1966, 7.0 in 1967, 8 in 1968 and 7.9 in 1969, which is connected with diagnostic improvement in recent years. In cities where rheumatologists work, rheumatism is registered more frequently. Rheumatism lethality in hospitals of the republic had decreased by 4.9% by 1969 in comparison with 1960. The coverage of rheumatism patients in urban areas rose to 90% in 1969 and to 92.8% in rural areas.



On some age-specific features of blood clotting
Abstract
The present work summarizes the results of a combined study of 6 parameters of the blood coagulation system and thromboelastography (TEG). Prothrombin index was studied according to the method of Borovskaya, plasma recalcification time - according to the method of Bernerhof and Rock in modification of V. P. Balud, fibrinogen content in plasma - by R. A. Rutberg, fibrinolytic activity - by R. A. Rutberg and B. A. Kuzin, tolerance to heparin - by modification of V. P. Balud.



Endemic goitre in the western regions of the Bashkir ASSR
Abstract
The first description of endemic goitre on the territory of Bashkiria belongs to Tikhon Uspensky (1835), who observed a "tumour" on the neck of every third inhabitant in some settlements on the slopes of the Ural Mountains. Usually these villages were situated in deep ravines and surrounded by extensive forests.



Glaucoma screening in Orenburg
Abstract
We analysed the care of glaucoma patients in Orenburg. We reviewed all glaucoma cases registered from 1965 to 1969. 385 patients were registered during this period and we prepared face cards with a list of questions reflecting health shifts, treatment, regularity of follow-up by a doctor and some other aspects.



Children's immunity to polioviruses and carrier status among healthy children
Abstract
A total of 710 children were examined, of whom 515 were under 5 years of age. In some years we studied the blood sera of children of other age groups as well: 5-7, 8-10, 11-15 years old. In 1966, healthy children were not examined due to the fact that from March 1965 to July-August 1966, polio vaccination was not carried out in the Republic.



Cardialgia syndrome in workers in the ethanol and polyethylene industries
Abstract
Our analysis of data from periodic medical examinations of workers in the synthetic ethanol and polyethylene industries revealed that subjective disorders indicative of a cardiovascular disorder were prominent. The main cause of heart pain was 15.5% of men and 31.7% of women working in the ethanol industry.



On the combined effect of formaldehyde and monochloroacetic acid
Abstract
The issue of the combined action of formaldehyde and monochloroacetic acid is not covered in the literature. In this connection we carried out an outpatient and inpatient examination of 111 workers in the formalin workshop of a fur factory who had contact with formalin and monochloroacetic acid. 89% of those examined were women, more than half under the age of 40. The surveyed were ironers, anointresses, controllers and unskilled workers. There were 12 workers with up to 5 years' experience, 4 workers with up to 10 years' experience, 26 workers with up to 15 years' experience, and 33 workers with 20 or more years' experience.



Effects of noise on adolescents learning the profession of petrochemical plant apparatus
Abstract
We studied the hearing condition of vocational school students learning the apparatus profession in a petrochemical plant, as well as the effectiveness of some noise control measures implemented in the study areas. In the apparatus training programme, 65% of the time is devoted to practice in the workshops of phenol and acetone, ethylene oxide and high-pressure polyethylene production.



Continuous filament ligature needle
Abstract
When ligating the renal vessels and ureter during nephrectomy we use a continuous filament ligature needle (Fig. 1, 2). The needle is a hollow rod 1 with a spherically closed end, curved in the working part similar to a Deschamps needle and rigidly connected to the hollow handle 2, consisting of two halves, which are connected by a thread. In the distal part of the hollow handle there are two notches along the diameter, designed for laying the spool axis 4 with ligature 5.



Towards determining the degree of air ionisation in physiotherapy rooms
Abstract
To determine the concentration of positive or negative ions in 1 cm3 of air, a Brown electrometer, a stopwatch, an anemometer, a small fan and a thin-walled metal cylinder 5 cm in diameter and 4 cm long, which is fixed to the electrometer measuring electrode. In the middle of the cylinder, a brass grid with a spacing of 1 mm between the strands is fitted.






Chronic cholecystitis and allergies
Abstract
The authors have attempted, on the basis of clinical observations of patients with chronic cholecystitis and biliary dyskinesia, as well as experimental data, to clarify the role and importance of the allergic component in the pathogenesis of these diseases, to study the features of their clinical course in connection with allergy, and to recommend some diagnostic techniques to facilitate the recognition of allergic forms of chronic cholecystitis.



Clinical Genetics Handbook
Abstract
The textbook under review is of a rare genre: it contains rather detailed descriptions of more than 600 hereditary diseases, syndromes and human anomalies, arranged alphabetically with eponyms in the text. Such an arrangement, with a fairly complete subject index, makes it easy to find what you are looking for. The selection of material is well done: in addition to clear clinical descriptions for each nosological form, data on the nature of inheritance and principles of treatment are given.



XVII Scientific Conference of the Institute of Nutrition of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences
Abstract
The programme report of Academician A.A. Pokrovsky outlined the current concepts of the theory of balanced nutrition, further developed the concept of "rules of correspondence" of the enzyme relationships of the body to the chemical structures of the food and indicated the possible applications of the theory of balanced nutrition. The reports in the plenary session and the sections of biochemistry, physiology, hygiene of nutrition, therapeutic and children's nutrition, as well as the published proceedings of the concepts of Academician A.A. Pokrovsky, gave concrete confirmation.


