Vol 42, No 1 (1961)

The scientific activity of the outstanding physiologist, full member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Konstantin Mikhailovich Bykov, began within the walls of Kazan University.

Among diseases of the cardiovascular system, a large percentage falls on chronic coronary insufficiency, which often affects people during their active work.

Literary data on reserpine therapy of patients with nephritis are scarce (M. S. Vovsi, S. D. Reiselman, Abrams, Meyer, Andre and Smith); however, they testify to a positive effect in acute and chronic nephritis, and recently - and pyelonephritis (N.A.Ratner, S.D. Reiselman).

Retrograde intussusception of the small intestine through the opening of the gastrointestinal anastomosis is a rather rare complication. It was first described in foreign literature by Gertner, and in 1926 by N. A. Lvov. Over the past 33 years, only twenty such observations have been described.

Based on the analysis of 317 cases of deforming arthrosis in patients who applied to the Central Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, to the balneological hospital No. 1 and to the medical unit No. 29, the following was found.

In childhood, kidney tumors are more common than all malignant tumors. So, according to S. D. Ternovsky, kidney tumors account for 20-25% of all neoplasms in childhood, according to Brock's data - 50%, and most cases fall by the age of 5 years (90%) (S.P. Fedorov, S. M. Rubashov, S. D. Ternovsky and others)

In obstetric practice, we, like a number of authors (G. K. Baksht, S. S. Zilberman, M. S. Tsirulnikova, R. L. Shub), noted that the use of vitamin Bi during childbirth with normal labor and weak contractions of the uterus sometimes activates labor contractions of the uterus. These isolated positive observations prompted us to test the enhancing effect of vitamin Bi on labor.

The prognosis for the life and health of a newborn, in addition to the state of maturity of the fetus, is determined by the course of the birth act, antenatal prophylaxis, the nature of surgical interventions, the quality of care and service in the neonatal wards, that is, the whole range of work of the obstetric institution and its sanitary and hygienic level. The fight against the morbidity and mortality of newborns is the task of joint efforts of obstetricians with pediatricians.

Prevention of relapses and metastases of stage I cervical cancer both after surgery and after radiation therapy is a very serious problem, which is discussed in a fairly extensive literature (A.I.Serebrov, A.P. Zimina, E.P. Ivanitskaya, M.V. . Monasypova, etc.).

Patients with lupus erythematosus require complex and at the same time strictly individualized therapy. However, there should not be a pure experience of therapy, on the contrary, it is necessary to make fuller use of the capabilities of each method in the combined use of various means that complement each other.

Among the vast group of hemorrhagic fevers (Omsk, Crimean, Central Asian, Bukovinskaya, Smolensk, etc.), a special place is occupied by hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (hemorrhagic nephroso-nephritis). This type of fever, unlike the first ones, which have a relatively narrow natural focus, reflected in their names, is extremely widespread. It was described in places located to the east - to the islands of Japan, in the west - to Scandinavia and from the Arctic to Yugoslavia (M. Chumakov, A. A. Smorodintsev, etc.). A significant number of cases of hemorrhagic fever were detected in the central regions of the USSR (T. A. Bashkirev and V. A. Boyko, S. L. Glazunov, S. Ya. Agafonova, etc.).

Until now, the diagnosis of myocardial infarction is not always easy, which often leads the doctor to the wrong therapy.

As is known, the effectiveness of active methods of therapy for heart failure is judged by a decrease in the clinical symptoms of congestive decompensation: shortness of breath, edema, cyanosis, as well as congestion in the lungs and liver, and normalization of venous pressure.

Long-term exposure to toxins on the liver interoreceptors leads to a decrease in its antitoxic function. The antitoxic function of the liver is sharply suppressed with sepsis. Of 42 septic patients, CT. Gadzhiev only in 4 found the release of hippuric acid above 70%, and in the rest there was a significant decrease. There was also a decrease in the barrier function of the liver with gunshot injuries complicated by prolonged suppuration. BI Novikov reports that with hematogenous osteomyelitis, the function suffers more than with phlegmon. In infected wounds with mild inflammation around the antitoxic function decreases slightly, but is significantly impaired with long-term non-healing deep wounds with high absorption.

We studied radiographs of 55 patients (46 men and 9 women) with fractures of the upper jaw and adjacent areas of the facial skeleton from peacetime practice.

Cystoid enlargement of the cystic end of the ureter — ureterocele — is a relatively rare disease, and prolapse of the ureterocele through the urethra is even less common.

The main areas of fiberglass production are compound and glass-making shops, electric furnace shops, as well as unwinding, spinning and finishing departments of weaving production.

Research into active immunization against poliomyelitis began about fifty years ago. During this period, several types of killed vaccines have been proposed and tested. So, Krause (1910) proposed phenol vaccine for active immunization, Brody and Park (1936) - formol vaccine, Kalmet (1937) - castor acid vaccine and others. However, these vaccines did not meet expectations and turned out to be ineffective (M. P. Chumakov et al., K. A. Vinokurov, A. Peyp, D. S. Futer et al.).

Chronic diseases of the pancreas often remain outside the field of vision of practitioners, and if they are recognized, they are usually considered only as complications or concomitant diseases in various well-known dyspeptic syndromes; often they are found only by chance, already on the operating table or at autopsy.

The neuropsychiatric disorders in kidney diseases were addressed by prof. L. A. Oganesyan (Yerevan).

Prof. N.I. Krakovsky is known not only as a major and versatile surgeon, but also as a prominent organizer of public health - for many years he has headed the surgical service of the RSFSR. Therefore, the book under review, written by him together with Yu. Ya. Gritzman, is of considerable interest to Soviet surgeons.