Vol 48, No 5 (1967)

The November 1967 days are historic for the Soviet people. November 7 will mark the 50th anniversary of the Great October Socialist Revolution, which paved the way for profound transformations of our Motherland in social, economic and cultural terms.

Soviet higher education is in the full sense of the word the brainchild of the Great October Revolution. For the first time in history, a fundamentally new, democratic system of higher education has been created in our country, incorporating the best, progressive traditions of pre-revolutionary higher education, built on the great ideals of communism.

By the time the Regional Department of Public Health of the Udmurt Autonomous Region was organized (March 1921), it had 19 medical departments (of which only 11 were doctors), 1438 hospital beds, 53 paramedic posts with 374 beds. Only 38 doctors (including 6 dentists) and 336 paramedical workers worked in the region.

In the significant days of the half-century history of the Soviet state, the first steps of Soviet health care, the formation and development of Soviet surgery in Kazan and in the TASSR involuntarily come to mind.

The Tatar Republic meets the 50th anniversary of the Great October Revolution with great success in the field of healthcare. Traumatology and orthopedics, in particular, were highly developed.

Before the revolution, there was no special medical care for women and children. Medical care was provided to them in the general network of medical institutions. In the former. There were only 399 doctors in the Kazan province, of which only 38 were in rural areas. There were 1.4 doctors (excluding dentists) per 10,000 population.

Over the past 20 years, the leading scientific problem of the first department of roentgenology and radiology of the Kazan GIDUV named after VI Lenin is X-ray craniology and X-ray therapy of diseases of the nervous system.

The neural mechanisms of the development of peptic ulcer disease have been studied in great detail and are most fully integrated in the cortico-visceral theory.

The staff of the faculty surgical clinic named after AV Vishnevsky over the past decade, among others, has also been developing the problem of surgical treatment for diseases of the biliary tract. Research is being conducted through animal experimentation and clinical study of the disease.

Prosthetics of the valve apparatus of the heart for acquired defects have already passed their first steps in clinical practice and are beginning to be used more and more widely.

The distant Kazan province was the city of Khlynov (now the city of Kirov), together with the territory of 3 counties assigned to it. In 1780, by the decree of Catherine II, the Vyatka governorship was formed. Khlynov became a provincial town and was renamed Vyatka. In 1782 there was only one doctor, Pogan Glenberg, for the whole province.

In many works about Zinovy Petrovich Soloviev, the student years of his life are incompletely described. Meanwhile, the Central Archives of the TASSR preserves interesting documents that make it possible to correctly present and understand the formation of the worldview of this prominent scientist and public figure.

Summing up the achievements in the field of health care for the 50th anniversary of Soviet power, it is necessary to recall the Kazan professor E.M. Lepsky, who made a significant contribution to the development of Soviet pediatrics, to the training of pediatricians, to the creation of institutions of the socialist system of child health protection in St. Kazan and Tatarstan.

The Surgical Society of Tataria is the brainchild of the Kazan Society of Physicians, among the founders of which were surgeons prof. N.F. Vysotsky and prof. A.I.Beketov.

A significant role in the development of scientific psychiatry and neuropathology in Kazan was played by the Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists at Kazan University, which arose in 1892 on the initiative of prof. V. M. Bekhterev.

Many reports of the conference were devoted to the problem of identifying the activity of the rheumatic process.

The II All-Union Symposium of Pediatric Surgeons was dedicated to the surgical pathology of the kidneys in children. According to Yu. F. Isakov, VN Ermolin, VI Derzhavin and IV Kazanskaya (Moscow), malformations of the genitourinary system make up 35-40% of all developmental anomalies in children.

The conference was opened by the Deputy Chief Sanitary Doctor of the USSR Ministry of Health P.P. Lyarsky. The development of the chemical industry and the widespread introduction of new chemicals into the national economy pose major challenges to industrial toxicology.

We studied the metabolism of glucuronic acid in patients with coronary insufficiency. It has been established that in atherosclerosis, the exchange of acidic mucopolysaccharides is perverted, the functional activity of the liver is disturbed, and the neuro-endocrine regulation of metabolic processes is disturbed.