Vol 27, No 3 (1931)
Obstetric and gynecological school of Prof. B. S. Gruzdev on the verge of XL years of activity of its head (with a portrait)
Abstract
What prof. Gruzdev created his own obstetric and gynecological school -this, it seems to me, does not need to be proved. This is already recognized in our Union. Not because, of course, it is considered a prof. Gruzdev is a representative of a special school, and his clinic is a school that he has worked in the field of obstetrics and gynecology for 40 years, including more than 30 years as a professor. "It is no longer possible to admit a priori, says Prof. Tauber wants every professor to be a representative of a special school." A school can be called only that clinic, which is based on a certain direction based on scientific principles, moreover, adopted, and implemented not only by the representative himself, but also by his followers. Such and such a clinic is the clinic headed by Prof. Gruzdev. Having joined the department, an educated, energetic and young prof. Gruzdev directed his activities to the development of the scientific foundations of obstetrics and gynecology and important practical issues of these disciplines. With this direction, he permeated the activities of his clinic, carried away, figuratively speaking, his students and, thus, created his own obstetric and gynecological school, which currently has a number of viable offspring-daughter schools.



Clinical medicine
On the pathogenesis of parenchymal keratitis
Abstract
The pathogenesis of parenchymal keratitis is one of the most difficult and interesting problems of ophthalmology in connection with the pathology of syphilis. So, for a number of years, three possibilities of the pathogenesis of parenchymal keratitis have been discussed: 1) parenchymal inflammation of the cornea occurs due to the introduction of a syphilitic virus into the anterior chamber of the eye, 2) parenchymal inflammation of the cornea is the result of a nutritional disorder or a disease of the uvea and, above all, its vessels (Wagemann), or due to a syphilitic disease of the pericorneal vascular wreath (von Milch), 3) the introduction of a syphilitic virus into the cornea causes its specific inflammation.



On the question of acid diathesis in ulcerative patients
Abstract
In 1926, almost simultaneously, reports appeared abroad of Balint, with us -the late S. S. 3imnitsky, where the old biochemical theory of Leibe and Surfactants, which explained the formation of stomach ulcers by insufficient neutralization of acidic gastric contents due to a decrease in blood alkalinity, received new coverage. Balint, based on the experimental data of his and his students on patients of the clinic he runs, Zimnitsky, based on the study of the autonomous nervous system in ulcerative patients (ord. Lande) n successful alkaline and insulin therapy, came to the same conclusion in resolving the issue of the pathogenesis of round gastric ulcer, which they consider as a consequence and a kind of identification of tissue acidosis, t. naz. sour diathesis. The consequence of this diathesis, according to Zimnitsky, is dystonia of the autonomic nervous system with a certain increase in vagotonus, accompanying spasmophilia, which is observed in ulcers, cholecystitis, appendicitis and many other spastic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. This coincidence of the conclusions of two researchers who went completely different ways to resolve the same issue, according to Zimnitsky, is the best proof of the correctness of the conclusion made.



To the question of the treatment of typhoid fever with a vaccine on an Occasional basis
Abstract
To combat typhoid fever, we still do not have a well-developed specific therapy. The serum offered by Chantemess had to be abandoned due to the severity of the phenomena associated with its use. The improvement of the methods of its preparation and application (the combined Rodé method), although it gives very comforting results according to French authors, is still under development. The question of vaccine therapy has been developed in much more detail here, mainly by Prof. Lavrinovich and Prof. Granstrom, from whose works it is clear that the best effect is obtained from the intravenous method of administration of the vaccine, which in many cases gave an abortive course of abdominal pain. typhus. Nevertheless, despite this, the vaccine therapy of br. typhus has not become widespread enough due to a number of contraindications to it (heart weakness, tuberculosis, pregnancy), as well as due to the constraint of its use (no later than the 10th day) and the appearance of some complications. Therefore, it is quite understandable to turn to a simpler and less harmless method, namely to vaccinotherapy per os on an Occasional basis.



On the connection of the musculature of the vermiform process and the Bauginian flap
Abstract
Recently, the curve of appendectomies, as can be seen from numerous statistics, has been steadily growing, and this massive operation is predominant in the work of some clinics (Burlakov—31% of appendectomies out of all operations). Undoubtedly, such a huge percentage of appendectomies forces surgeons to critically analyze the material of their clinics. But what causes particular concern is the long—term results of appendectomies, which often compromise this operation, giving large percentages of relapses of the same painful symptoms that existed before the operation. The percentage of relapses from 3.9% in Rozanov according to other authors rises sharply (Horn 21%, Lick 40%, Rodzievsky 57.8%, Goffs 50%). Such huge fluctuations in the nature of the outcomes of diseases, the diagnosis of which, it would seem, should be well developed, are directly striking. Involuntarily, the question arises about the expediency of such a number of appendectomies and the closely related issue of diagnostic errors. It is necessary to make a reservation that we mean painful phenomena coming under the diagnosis of chronic appendicitis, and not acute, because with regard to the latter, diagnosis and indications for surgery are not particularly difficult, and therefore operations in acute cases of appendicitis give results that satisfy surgeons.



Case of perinatal retroperitoneal cyst
Abstract
Amniotic cysts are among the very rare pathological formations. They are of great interest not only because of their rarity, but also because of the difficulty of recognizing and diagnosing them, as well as in relation to their pathogenesis. Not all authors are unanimous on the question of which cysts are considered perinephrine. Regieg, for example, considers as true pararenal cysts only those that have developed in the area of the pararenal fiber and have no other relation to the kidney other than contact with it. Other authors, and the majority of them, do not exclude from the group of pararenal cysts also those cyst-like formations that have closer contact with the kidney, have communication or fusion with the pelvis, with the kidney, or are located in its fibrous capsule. From the group of amniotic cysts, cysts of parasitic origin—echinococcus, as well as hydro and pionephrosis are excluded. It is now customary to divide ecolopened cysts into the following groups according to Küster: group 1—traumatic, it is more correct to call them according to Fedorov, Lirens'y—fibrinous; group 2—epithelial cysts; 3 gr.—lymphatic cysts; 4 gr.—cysts developing from the embryonic remains of the Bolf bodies and, finally, 5 gr.—dermoid cysts.



The course and prognosis of mercury encephalopathy based on the materials of dynamic observation
Abstract
Dynamic observation of cases of mercury poisoning is one of the branches of the general dynamic observation undertaken by the Institute for a number of painful forms. With regard to nervous complications in mercury poisoning, it acquires special significance in view of the low level of study of the nosography of this form as a whole (encephalopathy) Subjecting each patient to periodic examination, we establish how the disease proceeds, which symptoms disappear earlier and which of them are more persistent in their course. In addition, dynamic monitoring of mercury poisoning is of great preventive importance, because it gives us guidance in the sense of developing general rules for how to behave a patient with mercury encephalopathy.



On the phenomenon of forced eye withdrawal in Parkinsonism
Abstract
Symptomatology of the chronic stage of encephalitis (resp. parkinsonism) is extremely diverse. Lhermith's words can be recognized as absolutely fair: "Epidemic encephalitis has an extraordinary polymorphism. This is a disease that leads astray by the variability and richness of clinical manifestations.“.. Indeed, in addition to the amyostatic symptom complex (akinesis-hyperkinesis) and disorders of the autonomic nervous system known for Parkinsonism and described for the first time Economo 11 years ago, various kinds of symptoms from individual cranial nerves attracted the attention of clinicians. These include: rare blinking (S. Stellwag), blepharo-spasm-clonus, vision disorder, double vision, narrowing of the field of vision, violation of the act of convergence and accommodation with the preservation of the light reaction—the so-called perverse Argyll-Robertson, etc. Over the past 5-6 years, much attention has also been paid to a new symptom accompanying Parkinsonism in the form of forcible removal of the eyeballs up, down, to the sides and, rarely, forward. This violent friendly movement of the eyeballs in a certain direction, which occurs periodically in the form of seizures, is defined by the German authors with the word "Schauanfälle".



Blood testing in the treatment of uterine cancer with radium
Abstract
Blood changes in the treatment of malignant neoplasms with radiant energy, in particular radium, are presented by different authors in the following form. Obertin, Beaujard in 1904 found out that when patients are illuminated with X-rays, leukocytosis first occurs, and then leukopenia. Geinicke, Lenser, Gelber published their pathological and anatomical studies of white mice that died from X-ray illumination. Such mice always had a small brown-black spleen with follicles replaced by connective tissue. In the study of blood, the number of lymphocytes, neutrophilic leukocytes and eosinophilic leukocytes decreased the most. The bone marrow showed cell loss, but the tissue was capable of regeneration. According to the resistance of the radiant energy , the cells were arranged as follows: 1) neutrophilic leukocytes, 2) basophils, 3) eosinophilic leukocytes, 4) myelocytes, 5) lymphocytes. Silva, Mello experimented with thorium x, and lethal doses of the latter prompted the brain to hyperplasia. Thorium x primarily damages myeloid tissue, and X—rays damage lymphoid tissue. Gelber, Linzer, Milchner, Mosse found that therapeutic doses of radiant energy do not change either hemoglobin or erythrocytes. Gainicke found a decrease in hemoglobin and red blood cells after the use of radiant energy. Obert in, Beaujard noted bone marrow irritation (poikilocytes, erythroblasts). Polubinsky, Valtegefer found that under the influence of radiant energy, the number of red blood cells first decreases, and therefore increases (Polubinsky with uterine cancer, Valtegefer—with leukemia). The general opinion is that red blood cells are less sensitive than white blood cells, and are damaged only at very high doses of radiation. The energy degree of the observed leukopenia depends on the richness of the vessels, on the dose of rays and on the richness of this area with hematopoietic organs.
Zumpe examined the blood of 23 cancer patients treated with X-rays and came to the following conclusions: 1) the change in blood when illuminated by X—rays under certain conditions reinforces the clinical diagnosis and prediction, 2) the change in blood goes parallel to the severity of the disease, 3) lymphocytosis occurring after lymphopenia acquired by illumination is not necessarily favorable; on the contrary, ongoing lymphopenia is always unfavorable; 4) the shift to the left of the Arnett leukocyte formula caused by cancer, under the influence of the treated decreases; if this does not happen, then this is an unfavorable sign.



On the issue of the treatment with pergenol of chronic purulent otitis and mastoiditis complicated by the presence of bac. vinsentʹa in symbiosis with spirochete
Abstract
Recently, the ear clinic of Kazan University has paid special attention to the lesion of the ears, accompanied by the pathogen Pl. Vincent'a. To the question posed by us together with prof. V. K. Trutnev: is it necessary to isolate the lesion of the mastoid process with a fusiform rod in symbiosis with spirochete into an independent form of "Vincentian mastoiditis"?— a positive answer was given. In the main work on this issue (Mntsschr. f. Ohren. 5, H. 63, 1929) we pointed out that according to its distinctive features, Vincentian mastoiditis not only has the right to independent existence, but it should be given the meaning of a separate nosological unit. The entire symptom complex of Vincentian mastoiditis consists of 4 periods: a) the onset and development of the painful process, c) objective data in the study of patients, c) findings during surgery and d) postoperative treatment.



Socialist healthcare and dialectics in medicine
Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) of March 15, 1931 on the report of the Presidium of the Communist Academy ("Pravda" from 18/III 31)
Abstract
The stage of completion of the foundation of the socialist economy requires the restructuring of all scientific research work, subordination to its strict planning, the creation of numerous cadres of communist scientists and, in particular, overcoming the noted comrade. Stalin's lagging of scientific work from the practice of socialist construction. The aggravation of the class struggle has been vividly reflected in recent years on the theoretical front. Bourgeois influence took the form of a number of anti-Marxist and revisionist theories: the Menshevik idealism of Rubinism in economics, mechanistic theories in philosophy, political economy and other fields, the Menshevik idealism of the Deborin group in philosophy and natural science, Pereverzevism in literary studies.It is still necessary to work tirelessly to eradicate existing and emerging theories in various scientific fields that reflect bourgeois and social-democratic influence.



For the restructuring of the scientific front. (Editorial from Pravda of 20/III 31)
Abstract
Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) on the Communist Academy, published in Pravda dated March 18 of this year, should attract the attention of all communist scientists. It should form the basis of their work, its restructuring, which must be carried out as soon as possible.






Women's gonorrhea on railway transport
Abstract
The material for this article is the cards of patients who passed through the gynecological office of the Kazan polyclinic Moscow-Kaz. zh. d. for 2 / 2 years of its existence (from 1 VII 1926 to 31 XII 1928). These patients consisted exclusively of the railway population of Kazan and the nearest stations that applied to our office not only for narrowly specialized help for female gonorrhea, but in general for obstetric and gynecological. Once in the gynecological office, they were subjected to accounting, special studies, systematic treatment and preventive treatment. During the specified period, 4,350 primary visits were registered in our office, of which 957 cases fall to the share of gonorrhea (zh. g.) and its complications, which is 22% relative to the total number of visits. The percentage is large, but not exhaustive, because not all cases are included in this number; many patients suffering from this disease have passed us by or have not been treated anywhere at all. Therefore, the actual percentage should be expected to be even higher. If we compare it with the percentages available in this regard from other authors, we will make sure that it is higher than them. So, according to the material of the Volyn district dispensary for the urban population, it is equal to 18.7%. Of course, the % obtained by us has only relative significance: it does not reflect the actual size of the gonorroization of the female population of transport, but based on it we can still say with confidence that, in terms of its prevalence and significance, gonorrhea in transport workers undoubtedly occupies one of the first places among gynecological diseases, and that the actual percentage of women affected by this the disease should be considered, in any case, not lower, but higher than it is calculated in Koltsov (from 20 to 30%).



On the question of the influence of social and household factors and production on the intellectual development of workers of the blacksmith shop of the Krasnoe Sormovo plant
Abstract
To clarify the question of the influence of a combination of social and professional factors on the intellectual development of workers, the laboratory of the Institute conducted a psychological experiment on a group of workers of the blacksmith shop of the Krasnoe Sormovo plant numbering 400 people.



Professor Grotian on the planned nutrition of the population in the USSR. (By letter from Berlin)
Abstract
Associate Professor of the Department of Social Hygiene of the Kazan Medical Institute Dr. S. M. Schwartz is currently on a business trip abroad for scientific improvement and has been working since February at the Hygienic Institute of the University of Berlin with Prof. Hahn. At the same time, he listens to a course of lectures on social hygiene from Prof. Grotiana. The letters sent by him to the department in Kazan are becoming more and more interesting. In the last letter he gives an interesting summary of the lecture by Prof. Grotiana, dedicated to the issue of nutrition. In general , he characterizes the lectures of Prof. Grotiana as very interesting, saturated with an unusually rich factual and digital material; such were the lectures devoted to the issue of nutrition.



Dialectical-medical studies in Kazan
Abstract
It should be noted that in this academic year, the thirst to master the dialectical-materialistic method is embracing whiter and wider scientific circles of all ages. This applies to all universities and higher education institutions, in particular, and, perhaps, even mainly natural-biological and medical; at least this sharply attracts attention in the Kazan Medical Institute. It captures many departments, clinics, hospitals.



Observations from practice
A case of false diaphragmatic hernia with infringement and perforation of the intestines in the pleural cavity
Abstract
On September 20, 1930, patient A., 30 years old, peasant, Udmurt, with intestinal obstruction phenomena, was urgently transferred to the surgical department of the Kiev regional Hospital from the maternity ward. There was no stool for 16 days and recently fecal vomiting. Abdominal pain.



To the casuistry of the external section of the esophagus with foreign bodies
Abstract
There cannot be two opinions on the issue of methods of removing foreign bodies from the esophagus at present. The best way is extraction by means of an esophagoscope. But at the same time, there are cases when even in the hands of experienced specialists, the esophagoscope does not justify the hopes placed on it. So, in the Gakker clinic, in 10% of all cases of extraction of foreign bodies from the esophagus, they were forced to resort to bloody intervention, in the clinic of Prof. Warriors in 23%, according to the statistics of Shem Meg at 508 sl. extraction of foreign bodies in 16 cases (3.2%) required surgical removal, according to Saxen, in 61 cases 3 times (5%). The reason for refusing to use the esophagoscope is the neglect of the case when the edematous, swollen mucous membrane of the esophagus, limiting the field of view of the esophagoscope, is fraught with the danger of rupture. With periesophageal phlegmon, abscess, the external section of the esophagus pursues not only the purpose of extracting a foreign body, but is also a therapeutic intervention, giving a wide flow of pus from the mediastinal space. In the conditions of our reality (the absence of esophagoscopes, specialists), the external section of the esophagus is often the only reliable and safe way to extract foreign bodies from the esophagus and subject to early surgery.






Case of atresia in the cervical canal post conception
Abstract
Cervical canal atresia is not uncommon. By their origin, they are congenital, extremely rare, and acquired—more frequent. The reasons for the latter are very diverse. Acquired cervical canal atresia can develop after operations, such as: after plastic surgery on the cervix (Emmet, discisio colli, amputatio colli, etc.), after vaginal Caesarean section, after removal of cervical polyps, after severe labor with forceps, after abrasio uteri, accompanied by deep scraping of the mucosa in the orific area. int. and cervical canal; after vaporization of the uterus (atmocausis); after cauterization of erosions and endocervicitis with strong cauterizing substances and Paqué1in, as well as after prolonged abandonment of tampons in the uterus, causing the formation of bedsore ulcers in the cervical canal (Tsomakion); after curitherapy; as a consequence of tuberculous ulcers (Ludwig, Kraemer, Schiffmann), etc. My case of atresia is as follows.



Reviews
Giardiasis
Abstract
Giardia are relatively frequent guests in the human body. According to Sshill, giardiasis in Germany is observed in 25-27% in children and 10% in adults; Bach in the Rhineland found giardiasis (L.) in 14.9% of 435 people examined by him (adults and children); Wetzl er believes that in Italy 10% of adults are infected with L. Kuznetsova examined 46 patients with a thin probe and she found L. 12 times, and Permyakova and Lande found L. in 11 of the 39 patients they examined.



Dresden Hygiene Exhibition of 1930
Abstract
The International Hygiene Exhibition of 1930 in Dresden is in itself a major fact in the medical and sanitary annals of the past year; for the Soviet Union, it is of particular interest, because our Union exhibited and occupied a very prominent place at it. The Narkompros and the Narkomzdrav delegated a significant group of professors, young researchers and doctors to this exhibition —and this already obliges the former participants of the exhibition to give a reporting characteristic of the latter. (Among the 12 persons sent from the People's Commissariat of the RSFSR to Kazan were Prof. M. M. Gran and Associate Professor S. M. Schwartz). But, in addition, the results of the exhibition as a whole and the performance of the Soviet Union, the pricing of the exhibition and our Soviet performance at it deserve serious attention from broad Soviet public circles and, first of all, medical ones.



XI-th All-Union Congress of Therapists
Abstract
From 27/I—30/I of this year, the XI All-Union Congress of Therapists took place in Moscow. The Congress met at a moment of exceptional importance. A month before it, a joint plenum of the Central Committee and the Central Committee of the CPSU (b) took place, which gave the slogan for the upcoming decisive third year of the 5th anniversary "to complete the construction of the foundation of the socialist economy of the USSR." "To create the economic base of socialism means to close agriculture with socialist industry into one integral economy, to subordinate agriculture to the leadership of socialist industry, to close and eliminate all those channels through which classes are born and capital is born first of all, to create in the end such conditions of production and distribution that lead directly and directly to the destruction of classes" (Stalin, Giz 27, v. 27-28).



Bibliography and reviews









Prof. S. A. Tomilin. Socio-hygienic assessment of infant mortality based on International and Ukrainian statistics. Page 77. Kharkiv. 1930. Publishing house "Scientific Thought". The price is 95 K.
Abstract
The need clearly felt among those working in the field of child and motherhood protection to understand the basic statistical materials on child mortality prompted the newly formed Department of Social Hygiene and Pathology at the Ukrainian Institute of Okhmatdet named after N. K. Krupskaya to undertake a number of works to clarify the level and nature of child mortality in Ukraine.



Priv.-assoc. A. N. Fedorovsky. The incidence of venereal diseases of workers and peasants of the Donetsk basin. Page 176. Kharkov. 1930. Ed. "Scientific Thought". Price 1 p . 50 K.
Abstract
People's Commissar of Health S. Kantorovich finds that the work of the priv.-assoc. A. N. Fedorovsky, which is the result of the development and analysis of materials collected by the expeditionary survey of the State Venereological Institute conducted under the direct supervision of the author, exhaustively highlights not only the degree of venerealism of individual surveyed groups of workers and peasantry, but also reveals along with this demographic, housing, household and industrial data inherent in the working-peasant population of Donbass which further increases the value of a real scientific study.



F. Parodi. Pneumotorace terapeutico. Fisiomeccanica Tecnica. Page 166. Roma. S. A. I. Editrice Romana Medica. C. lear 25.
Abstract
This book has already managed to take pride of place among other manuals on therapeutic pneumothorax, as it particularly carefully sets out the physico-mechanical laws governing breathing and the work of the entire respiratory machine: chest, lungs, diaphragm, mediastinum; in three separate chapters, the author examines the relationship of these organs with each other both under normal and and under pathological conditions; he dwells in detail on the role of the elasticity of the lungs, on their rectraction.












Conferences






February 18, 1931 Annual meeting
Abstract
E. F. Sidelnikova: "The work of scientific conferences of the morphological and physiological department of the Institute in 1930" Over the past year, the department had 9 conferences, where 17 reports were heard and a number of children with various diseases were demonstrated.



Scientific conference of the State Center. Moskov. Scientific Institute of OZD and P
Abstract
I. A. Dobreitzer and G. X. Ganyushina "Lethality in children's infectious diseases in Moscow hospitals". The authors developed materials on mortality from scarlet fever, diphtheria and measles in Moscow hospitals (Red-Soviet, Exemplary, Rusakovskaya, Botkinskaya and Clinic I MSU) for 29 years: from 1900 to 1928. The results, in short, are as follows.



Obituary



Chronicles



Medical education


