Vol 27, No 3 (1931)

In 1926, almost simultaneously, reports appeared abroad of Balint, with us -the late S. S. 3imnitsky, where the old biochemical theory of Leibe and Surfactants, which explained the formation of stomach ulcers by insufficient neutralization of acidic gastric contents due to a decrease in blood alkalinity, received new coverage. Balint, based on the experimental data of his and his students on patients of the clinic he runs, Zimnitsky, based on the study of the autonomous nervous system in ulcerative patients (ord. Lande) n successful alkaline and insulin therapy, came to the same conclusion in resolving the issue of the pathogenesis of round gastric ulcer, which they consider as a consequence and a kind of identification of tissue acidosis, t. naz. sour diathesis. The consequence of this diathesis, according to Zimnitsky, is dystonia of the autonomic nervous system with a certain increase in vagotonus, accompanying spasmophilia, which is observed in ulcers, cholecystitis, appendicitis and many other spastic conditions of the gastrointestinal tract. This coincidence of the conclusions of two researchers who went completely different ways to resolve the same issue, according to Zimnitsky, is the best proof of the correctness of the conclusion made.

Recently, the curve of appendectomies, as can be seen from numerous statistics, has been steadily growing, and this massive operation is predominant in the work of some clinics (Burlakov—31% of appendectomies out of all operations). Undoubtedly, such a huge percentage of appendectomies forces surgeons to critically analyze the material of their clinics. But what causes particular concern is the long—term results of appendectomies, which often compromise this operation, giving large percentages of relapses of the same painful symptoms that existed before the operation. The percentage of relapses from 3.9% in Rozanov according to other authors rises sharply (Horn 21%, Lick 40%, Rodzievsky 57.8%, Goffs 50%). Such huge fluctuations in the nature of the outcomes of diseases, the diagnosis of which, it would seem, should be well developed, are directly striking. Involuntarily, the question arises about the expediency of such a number of appendectomies and the closely related issue of diagnostic errors. It is necessary to make a reservation that we mean painful phenomena coming under the diagnosis of chronic appendicitis, and not acute, because with regard to the latter, diagnosis and indications for surgery are not particularly difficult, and therefore operations in acute cases of appendicitis give results that satisfy surgeons.

Dynamic observation of cases of mercury poisoning is one of the branches of the general dynamic observation undertaken by the Institute for a number of painful forms. With regard to nervous complications in mercury poisoning, it acquires special significance in view of the low level of study of the nosography of this form as a whole (encephalopathy) Subjecting each patient to periodic examination, we establish how the disease proceeds, which symptoms disappear earlier and which of them are more persistent in their course. In addition, dynamic monitoring of mercury poisoning is of great preventive importance, because it gives us guidance in the sense of developing general rules for how to behave a patient with mercury encephalopathy.

Blood changes in the treatment of malignant neoplasms with radiant energy, in particular radium, are presented by different authors in the following form. Obertin, Beaujard in 1904 found out that when patients are illuminated with X-rays, leukocytosis first occurs, and then leukopenia. Geinicke, Lenser, Gelber published their pathological and anatomical studies of white mice that died from X-ray illumination. Such mice always had a small brown-black spleen with follicles replaced by connective tissue. In the study of blood, the number of lymphocytes, neutrophilic leukocytes and eosinophilic leukocytes decreased the most. The bone marrow showed cell loss, but the tissue was capable of regeneration. According to the resistance of the radiant energy , the cells were arranged as follows: 1) neutrophilic leukocytes, 2) basophils, 3) eosinophilic leukocytes, 4) myelocytes, 5) lymphocytes. Silva, Mello experimented with thorium x, and lethal doses of the latter prompted the brain to hyperplasia. Thorium x primarily damages myeloid tissue, and X—rays damage lymphoid tissue. Gelber, Linzer, Milchner, Mosse found that therapeutic doses of radiant energy do not change either hemoglobin or erythrocytes. Gainicke found a decrease in hemoglobin and red blood cells after the use of radiant energy. Obert in, Beaujard noted bone marrow irritation (poikilocytes, erythroblasts). Polubinsky, Valtegefer found that under the influence of radiant energy, the number of red blood cells first decreases, and therefore increases (Polubinsky with uterine cancer, Valtegefer—with leukemia). The general opinion is that red blood cells are less sensitive than white blood cells, and are damaged only at very high doses of radiation. The energy degree of the observed leukopenia depends on the richness of the vessels, on the dose of rays and on the richness of this area with hematopoietic organs.
Zumpe examined the blood of 23 cancer patients treated with X-rays and came to the following conclusions: 1) the change in blood when illuminated by X—rays under certain conditions reinforces the clinical diagnosis and prediction, 2) the change in blood goes parallel to the severity of the disease, 3) lymphocytosis occurring after lymphopenia acquired by illumination is not necessarily favorable; on the contrary, ongoing lymphopenia is always unfavorable; 4) the shift to the left of the Arnett leukocyte formula caused by cancer, under the influence of the treated decreases; if this does not happen, then this is an unfavorable sign.

Resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) on the Communist Academy, published in Pravda dated March 18 of this year, should attract the attention of all communist scientists. It should form the basis of their work, its restructuring, which must be carried out as soon as possible.

The material for this article is the cards of patients who passed through the gynecological office of the Kazan polyclinic Moscow-Kaz. zh. d. for 2 / 2 years of its existence (from 1 VII 1926 to 31 XII 1928). These patients consisted exclusively of the railway population of Kazan and the nearest stations that applied to our office not only for narrowly specialized help for female gonorrhea, but in general for obstetric and gynecological. Once in the gynecological office, they were subjected to accounting, special studies, systematic treatment and preventive treatment. During the specified period, 4,350 primary visits were registered in our office, of which 957 cases fall to the share of gonorrhea (zh. g.) and its complications, which is 22% relative to the total number of visits. The percentage is large, but not exhaustive, because not all cases are included in this number; many patients suffering from this disease have passed us by or have not been treated anywhere at all. Therefore, the actual percentage should be expected to be even higher. If we compare it with the percentages available in this regard from other authors, we will make sure that it is higher than them. So, according to the material of the Volyn district dispensary for the urban population, it is equal to 18.7%. Of course, the % obtained by us has only relative significance: it does not reflect the actual size of the gonorroization of the female population of transport, but based on it we can still say with confidence that, in terms of its prevalence and significance, gonorrhea in transport workers undoubtedly occupies one of the first places among gynecological diseases, and that the actual percentage of women affected by this the disease should be considered, in any case, not lower, but higher than it is calculated in Koltsov (from 20 to 30%).

Associate Professor of the Department of Social Hygiene of the Kazan Medical Institute Dr. S. M. Schwartz is currently on a business trip abroad for scientific improvement and has been working since February at the Hygienic Institute of the University of Berlin with Prof. Hahn. At the same time, he listens to a course of lectures on social hygiene from Prof. Grotiana. The letters sent by him to the department in Kazan are becoming more and more interesting. In the last letter he gives an interesting summary of the lecture by Prof. Grotiana, dedicated to the issue of nutrition. In general , he characterizes the lectures of Prof. Grotiana as very interesting, saturated with an unusually rich factual and digital material; such were the lectures devoted to the issue of nutrition.

There cannot be two opinions on the issue of methods of removing foreign bodies from the esophagus at present. The best way is extraction by means of an esophagoscope. But at the same time, there are cases when even in the hands of experienced specialists, the esophagoscope does not justify the hopes placed on it. So, in the Gakker clinic, in 10% of all cases of extraction of foreign bodies from the esophagus, they were forced to resort to bloody intervention, in the clinic of Prof. Warriors in 23%, according to the statistics of Shem Meg at 508 sl. extraction of foreign bodies in 16 cases (3.2%) required surgical removal, according to Saxen, in 61 cases 3 times (5%). The reason for refusing to use the esophagoscope is the neglect of the case when the edematous, swollen mucous membrane of the esophagus, limiting the field of view of the esophagoscope, is fraught with the danger of rupture. With periesophageal phlegmon, abscess, the external section of the esophagus pursues not only the purpose of extracting a foreign body, but is also a therapeutic intervention, giving a wide flow of pus from the mediastinal space. In the conditions of our reality (the absence of esophagoscopes, specialists), the external section of the esophagus is often the only reliable and safe way to extract foreign bodies from the esophagus and subject to early surgery.

Cervical canal atresia is not uncommon. By their origin, they are congenital, extremely rare, and acquired—more frequent. The reasons for the latter are very diverse. Acquired cervical canal atresia can develop after operations, such as: after plastic surgery on the cervix (Emmet, discisio colli, amputatio colli, etc.), after vaginal Caesarean section, after removal of cervical polyps, after severe labor with forceps, after abrasio uteri, accompanied by deep scraping of the mucosa in the orific area. int. and cervical canal; after vaporization of the uterus (atmocausis); after cauterization of erosions and endocervicitis with strong cauterizing substances and Paqué1in, as well as after prolonged abandonment of tampons in the uterus, causing the formation of bedsore ulcers in the cervical canal (Tsomakion); after curitherapy; as a consequence of tuberculous ulcers (Ludwig, Kraemer, Schiffmann), etc. My case of atresia is as follows.

The International Hygiene Exhibition of 1930 in Dresden is in itself a major fact in the medical and sanitary annals of the past year; for the Soviet Union, it is of particular interest, because our Union exhibited and occupied a very prominent place at it. The Narkompros and the Narkomzdrav delegated a significant group of professors, young researchers and doctors to this exhibition —and this already obliges the former participants of the exhibition to give a reporting characteristic of the latter. (Among the 12 persons sent from the People's Commissariat of the RSFSR to Kazan were Prof. M. M. Gran and Associate Professor S. M. Schwartz). But, in addition, the results of the exhibition as a whole and the performance of the Soviet Union, the pricing of the exhibition and our Soviet performance at it deserve serious attention from broad Soviet public circles and, first of all, medical ones.

In his preface, the director of the Kharkiv Protozoan Institute notes that in recent years, helminthic diseases have attracted more and more attention.

The need clearly felt among those working in the field of child and motherhood protection to understand the basic statistical materials on child mortality prompted the newly formed Department of Social Hygiene and Pathology at the Ukrainian Institute of Okhmatdet named after N. K. Krupskaya to undertake a number of works to clarify the level and nature of child mortality in Ukraine.

This book has already managed to take pride of place among other manuals on therapeutic pneumothorax, as it particularly carefully sets out the physico-mechanical laws governing breathing and the work of the entire respiratory machine: chest, lungs, diaphragm, mediastinum; in three separate chapters, the author examines the relationship of these organs with each other both under normal and and under pathological conditions; he dwells in detail on the role of the elasticity of the lungs, on their rectraction.

Bauer gives a brief overview of the collective concept of rheumatism and its individual forms.

I. I. Rusetsky. To the question of muscle tone.

I. A. Dobreitzer and G. X. Ganyushina "Lethality in children's infectious diseases in Moscow hospitals". The authors developed materials on mortality from scarlet fever, diphtheria and measles in Moscow hospitals (Red-Soviet, Exemplary, Rusakovskaya, Botkinskaya and Clinic I MSU) for 29 years: from 1900 to 1928. The results, in short, are as follows.