Vol 40, No 6 (1959)

Our understanding of the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus has changed dramatically over the past 40 years. This is due to the receipt of new data on the role of the central nervous and endocrine systems in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus, with new materials on metabolic processes in diabetes, and, finally, with the isolation in the picture of the disease processes that indicate damage to the body in the absence of insulin, and the reactions characterizing it. fighting the damage inflicted on it.

As you know, phosphorus compounds are involved in all basic metabolic processes: in carbohydrate, protein and fat. Phosphoric acid is involved in the reactions of intermolecular transfer of atomic groups from one organic compound to another. The participation of phosphorus compounds in lipid metabolism is of particular importance. Already in the intestinal wall in the process of lipoid resynthesis, in addition to higher fatty acids, glycerol and organic nitrogenous bases, phosphoric acid is required. In the liver, there is not only a constant and intense decomposition of phosphatides, but also their simultaneous synthesis, in which the participation of organic phosphates is necessary. Oxidation of lipoids in tissues occurs with the participation of phosphoric acid. All processes of binding and release of phosphates are reflected in the content of inorganic phosphorus in the blood.

Recently, in the nature of atherosclerosis and coronary insufficiency, the role of internal and, in particular, endocrine factors has attracted more and more attention. Among these factors is the function of the thyroid gland.

Currently, neither doctors nor patients have any doubts that the surgical treatment of mitral stenosis in the treatment of rheumatic diseases takes a serious place. By 1957, more than 1500 operations for mitral stenosis were published in the literature. The number of these operations is increasing all the time.

Despite a number of advances, many issues of the etiology, pathogenesis and clinic of chronic gastritis, especially the issue of the functional state of the higher parts of the central nervous system in chronic gastritis, are still insufficiently studied.

Until now, kidney disease is still poorly covered in our literature. This reflects the insufficient development of the issues of functional diagnostics of kidney diseases. In practice, doctors, for the purpose of functional diagnostics of the kidneys, continue to be mainly guided by the test of S.S.Zimnitsky.

The urgent needs of surgery and the brilliant advances in pharmacology and pathophysiology over the past decade have led to the rapid development of anesthesiology. They have arisen and developed into separate methods: controlled hypotension, artificial hibernation, potentiated anesthesia, controlled hypothermia.

The leading method in the diagnosis of gastrocolic fistula is directed X-ray examination with obligatory irrigoscopy. According to E. L. Berezov, this is necessary in any gastroenterostomy patient, even if there were no symptoms of peptic ulcer of the jejunum in the anamnesis, but there are belching or diarrhea.

Fractures of the bones that form the knee joint can be accompanied by serious complications, which can be divided into:

1) early, arising at the time of injury or in the coming days after it, and 2) late, occurring in the course of treatment.

As you know, the stimulation of the act of delivery can be achieved by excitation of cholinergic mechanisms in three ways: a) stimulation of the synthesis of acetylcholine; b) excitation of acetylcholine receptors; c) slowing down the destruction of acetylcholine.

In the activities of a practical doctor, it is necessary not only to provide medical assistance to persons in the post-strangulation period, but also to give conclusions on the severity of injuries after suffering asphyxia and suitability for a particular job in the form of labor or forensic medical examination. If, when providing medical care, the doctor's tactics are quite definite and known, then when assessing the severity of the damage, it is often allowed to underestimate it. The fact is that when examining a victim, only local injuries are often taken as a basis (the presence and severity of a strangulation groove, hemorrhages in the conjunctiva of the eyelids, etc.), which in themselves belong to the category of minor bodily injuries.

In recent years, Rauwolfia serpentina preparations - reserpine, serpazil, gendon - have been widely used in the treatment of hypertension.

Routine clinical analysis of urine is the most common method of research, while a detailed biochemical analysis of urine is not always feasible, since it requires complex equipment and is very laborious. This serves as the basis for looking for simpler and more accessible methods. The proposed and developed by us colored sedimentary reaction of urine (CSRU) is technically extremely simple and available in any conditions. The clinical and prognostic significance of this reaction in many diseases was shown by our observations and confirmed by numerous authors who worked according to our method.

We observed three patients with subcutaneous rupture of the sigmoid colon as a result of the introduction of compressed air through the anus.

A goiter of the base of the tongue, or lingual goiter, is rare. A. N. Bezruchenko (1952) mentions 112 observations described in the world literature. Domestic authors by 1957 had 18 observations of lingual goiter (A.I. Gnatyshak). The rarity of such localizations of goiter often causes inaccuracy of the preoperative diagnosis. At the same time, the methodology and scope of the surgical intervention are varied, since each author went his own way, focusing more on his experience and technique. MP Gorbunova (1951) removed the goiter of the root of the tongue by dissecting the right cheek. Access was limited, as a result of which the second large molar had to be extracted and the horizontal ramus of the mandible was sawn through. A. N. Bezruchenko (1952) removed the lingual goiter through the thyroid-hyoid membrane. The hyoid bone was displaced upward. Hulling was done without opening the throat. AI Gnatyshak used a horseshoe-shaped incision in the submandibular region. Both salivary submandibular glands were removed; to increase access, the lateral pharyngeal wall with a part of the lingopharyngeal arch was incised. Most authors with the small size of the lingual goiter removed it partially or completely through the mouth.

Among 576 women with positive samples for brucellosis, in one case, bilateral mastitis was found, the brucellosis nature of which was histologically proven.

Obstetrics in the Soviet Union occupies one of the places of honor in the health care system.

On October 19, 1949, one of the outstanding representatives of medical science, a prominent Soviet psychiatrist, a great public figure, Honored Scientist, Professor Tikhon Ivanovich Yudin, died. Tikhon Ivanovich, after graduating with honors from the Faculty of Medicine of Moscow University, in 1903 was left as an intern at a psychiatric clinic. From 1907 to 1914, he worked first in the Kharkov Zemstvo Psychiatric Hospital, then in Moscow - at the Kanatchikova dacha. In Kharkov, he proved himself as an excellent organizer of psychiatric care, took an active part in the reorganization of this hospital.

In the last decade, the treatment of patients with fractures of long tubular bones by the method of intraosseous fixation with a metal rod and pin, its advantages and disadvantages and the process of callus formation with it have attracted the attention of a wide circle of surgeons.

The institutes of balneology and physiotherapy of the Union republics were represented at the session.

The issues of health resort and physiotherapy of atherosclerosis and problems of radon therapy were discussed.

In recent years, the number of drugs of various actions produced by the pharmaceutical industry of the Soviet Union and foreign countries has sharply increased. More than 35,000 different drugs are used, of which 1000 are the most common. This urgently dictates the need for systematic familiarization of the wide medical community with new drugs, methods of their use, dosages and, of course, possible with them. application of complications. Therefore, we should welcome the appearance in Russian, translated under the editorship of E. M. Tareev of the book by G. L. Alexander "Complications in drug therapy", which in sufficient detail, but in a concise form, critically assesses the extensive literature on the problem under consideration.