Vol 70, No 5 (1989)

When performing diagnostic actions in everyday life, the doctor does not think about why he does it so and not otherwise. The researcher is forced to think about his thinking style when the need arises to change it due to the objective processes of clinical diagnostic development. Among these we can mention the following: 1) intensification of examination (diagnosis is becoming more morphological); 2) increasing role of the functional component of clinical diagnosis, which plays a crucial role in the diagnosis of pre-disease and so-called borderline conditions; 3) formation of a new type of medical examination - screening; 4) use of the computer in diagnostics.

The widespread classification of coronary heart disease does not accidentally distinguish two forms of myocardial infarction - large-focal and small-focal. These forms also require appropriate treatment tactics. Many years of clinical experience have created the idea of milder course and favorable prognosis of small focal myocardial infarction, but from time to time there are reports, forcing to reconsider its attitude due to propensity of this form to recurrence, unpredictable frequent exacerbation and even worse prognosis.

Among the various ways of introducing drugs into the patient's body, the easiest and most convenient is their ingestion. However, this method is acceptable only when the molecules of the administered substances are not degraded by digestive enzymes. This is especially true for drugs of protein nature, which are degraded by various proteolytic enzymes. It is therefore not surprising to see numerous attempts to shield ingested substances from biodegradation in the digestive tract. The easiest way to solve this issue would be to use some kind of carrier. The search led researchers to liposomes - phospholipid vesicles capable of containing other substances.

In patients with congenital heart disease, the dynamics of immunoglobulins during AIC surgeries are not reflected in the available literature. The study of these indices seems important, since the data concerning patients with acquired heart defects cannot be fully extended to patients with congenital pathology. This is due, firstly, to the fact that in acquired malformations patients' immunological reactivity is significantly altered by rheumatic process and chroniosepsis and, secondly, to the fact that the duration of artificial circulation in valve replacement is significantly longer than in the correction of congenital heart disease.

Clinical prognostic factors influencing the choice of treatment method and its long-term results in patients with cancer of various organs, breast cancer in particular, are intensively studied. At the same time, in a number of cases, when prognostic factors seem to be favorable and constantly taken into account, the life expectancy of patients is short and vice versa. The morphological analysis of the removed mammary gland tumors in women, besides the traditional diagnosis, can give additional risk criteria with their subsequent use for prognosis.

The problem of exudative frontitis treatment is still relevant. Among a number of methods of their treatment, the restoration of the drainage and ventilation function of the fronto-nasal canal is of leading importance, since the timeliness of exudate evacuation from the sinus depends on its permeability.

One of the numerous tumor markers used in the clinic in the diagnosis of prostate cancer is the determination of the activity of prostatic acid phosphatase in the blood serum. This indicator has been used in the clinic since the 30s, but its role in the diagnosis of prostate cancer remains controversial. Some authors consider the activity of prostatic acid phosphatase to be an especially sensitive test in the diagnostics of this disease, while others, on the contrary, point out its low level of informativeness.

It is known that late gestosis of pregnant women does not go away, but leaves more or less pronounced changes, particularly in the kidneys. In previous studies we showed that in almost half of women who had severe late gestosis of pregnancy, renal function remains impaired one year after delivery. These abnormalities were detected by radioisotope renography; other diagnostic methods (biochemical, clinical) failed to detect changes in renal function. Unfortunately, radioisotope studies were not performed in early puerperium, so it was not possible to perform dynamic monitoring of the state of renal function immediately after delivery. At the present stage, pregnant women with severe late gestosis are discharged after intensive therapy of gestosis in the postpartum period.

We examined 180 women aged 22 to 37 years in whom hysterosalpingography revealed uterine abnormalities. The women were somatically healthy, complained mainly of pregnancy failure and infertility, some of them had algodysmenorrhea. To specify the form of uterine malformation, identify a closed rudimentary horn, determine the distance between the horns, and the condition of fallopian tubes, 143 patients underwent chromolaparoscopy and 20 of them were combined with gas gynecography. The nature of surgical intervention was determined based on the findings. In addition, all the patients were subjected to ultrasound examination to detect both the form of uterine anomalies and combined pathology of the urinary system.

We tried to establish the relationship between unfavorable heliometeorological prognosis and traumatism.We analyzed data on the admission department of the Kazan branch of the All-Russian Scientific Center "Restorative Traumatology and Orthopedics" for 12 months (from March 1987 to February 1988). The patients were admitted 2 times a week (Friday and Sunday) for two kinds of injuries: locomotor system and craniocerebral trauma. In total, during 106 days of medical care 4134 people sought medical help, we took the heliometeorological forecast according to the data of the weather service of Kazan. The most saturated magnetic storms were March and May, the least - September and January.

We studied the prevalence and intensity of dental caries among children in the cities of Makhachkala and Kazan, which differ in the content of fluoride in drinking water.

The frequency of dental caries was determined in 617 children (in Makhachkala - 332 children, in Kazan - 285) aged 5-8 years. All children were divided into 4 age groups. Caries lesion intensity was established by calculating the CP index for deciduous teeth, CPU and CP - for a changeable bite. Caries prevalence was expressed as a percentage of the total number of examined children.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the state of menstrual function in the remote period after induced termination of pregnancy in the first trimester.

We observed a patient with rectal hernia in a posttraumatic defect of the sacrum and coccyx. The disease was of interest due to its rarity. Similar cases could not be found in the available literature.

Industrialization and intensification of the economy, increased capacity of livestock complexes, high rates of urbanization can lead to environmental pollution, which, in turn, affects the sanitary living conditions and human health.
The aim of our research was the hygienic characterization of atmospheric air pollution at different distances from livestock complexes and block outbuildings with an assessment of its impact on the health of the child population. Since the solution of environmental problems is carried out both at the stage of drawing up projects (schemes) of district planning and during the planning of rural settlements, at the first stage of the work we studied the construction projects of the settlements. We determined the pollution of atmospheric air with formaldehyde, hydrogen sulfide and ammonia. The work also used sociological methods - interview and questionnaire survey of the population.

Assessing the role and place of different aspects of the fight against malignant neoplasms, it should be recognized that in the general complex of measures aimed at solving this complex problem, the organization of cancer care for the population has an indisputable leading role. The anti-cancer fight includes 4 main aspects: prevention, diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation. All of them are interconnected and are equally important in the fate of each individual patient. The public health system should determine which of these directions is the main one, which of them should be given preference, i.e. to concentrate the society's resources for the maximum medical and economic effect.

Traumatism of crew on water transport is caused by a set of production, climatic and geographical and psychological factors. The highest level of traumatism is observed at the age of 20-30 years. Later the frequency of injuries decreases, reaching a minimum for the crew aged over 50. However, fishermen of this age group received injuries more often than their younger colleagues, which is connected with the extreme conditions of performing labor processes of catching and handling products on the open deck of a constantly moving vessel.

During the last decades a great number of clinical, psychological and socio-psychological publications have appeared which consider not only the personal features of patients with alcoholism, but also the influence of some or other environmental factors on alcoholism formation, its course and therapy. V. N. Tikhonov and D. Y. Donskoi, in their examination of 437 patients with alcoholism, revealed the influence of production factors on the development of alcoholism. I.D. Muratova and P.I. Sidorov identified as "threatened contingents" among adolescents those with asocial forms of behavior, those brought up in an incomplete family or in a family with alcoholics, with pedagogical or social neglect, asocial company, idleness of behavior, one-sidedness of hobbies etc. A number of studies have pointed to a certain role of conflict factors in the emergence of alcoholism in the family.

In spite of a large number of works on gerontology and geriatrics interrogation, medico-social aspects of loneliness of elderly and old people are insufficiently studied. The purpose of the study carried out in Volga district of Kuybyshev region was to make medical and demographic and socio-hygienic characteristics of elderly persons living alone in rural areas.

The problem of clinical examination has set a number of tasks for medical universities, among which the most important should be considered the training of highly qualified specialists, strengthening the material and technical base of teaching, the introduction of scientific achievements into practice, as well as the direct participation of institute employees in the medical examination of the population, especially workers of industrial enterprises.

In the process of producing nitro- and diammophoska, phosphoric acid and feed precipitate, the main harmful factors affecting the human body are acids and oxides of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, calcium, fluorine. They are in the air in the form of dust and vapor, and their concentrations can exceed the maximum allowable. In addition, the negative impact of powerful industrial noise is known. Reduction of local and general immunological reactivity of the body under the influence of chemical agents can lead to respiratory tract diseases. Industrial noise causes changes in the central nervous system and inner ear, based on microcirculatory disorders.

In the ninth and thirteenth centuries, two states with the same name Bulgars or Bilgars, that is, Volga Bulgaria in the Volga-Kama region and Danube Bulgaria in the Danube basin, were formed and developed in Europe. Despite the considerable distance of these countries from each other, different historical destinies and ethno-cultural environment, many features of the culture and life of the peoples, also called Bulgars, or Bilgars, were similar.

Among spa factors for neurological manifestations of degenerative pathology of the cervical spine segmental application of mud at a temperature of 37-42 ° on the cervical collar zone or on this area and hand is widely used.

Dimexide (DMSO, dimethylsulfoxide) is used in the treatment of many diseases as a non-aqueous solvent of drugs. It has a mild analgesic effect, has a favorable trophic effect, is easily absorbed by the skin and transports along with it other substances.

The book under review is written on a topical topic of great medical and social importance. It consists of a preface, eleven chapters, an appendix, a list of references, and a table of contents. and peripheral nervous system.- Kazan, Kazan University Press, 1989.- 154 p.

The congress was opened by A. N. Demenkov, Head of the Department of Specialized Medical Care of the USSR Ministry of Health. In his report he pointed out radical changes in the structure of the service: reorganization of anti-obesity dispensaries into endocrinology centers; by 1991 they would open in all capitals of Union republics, regional and territorial centers and become organizational and methodological centers. In addition, in 1990 it is planned to establish endocrinology departments, including children's and surgical ones, in all large multidisciplinary hospitals.

Dear Editor!
In the process of implementing the program of diabetes mellitus prevention in TASSR, it became necessary to analyze the possible links between this disease and a number of indicators characterizing the activity of medical and preventive institutions (MPI), the provision of the population with health care resources and the intensity of their use.