Vol 41, No 1 (1960)

November 9, 1959 marked the 60th anniversary of the birth and 40 years of pedagogical, scientific and social activities of the head of the Department of General Biology of the Kazan Medical Institute, Doctor of Biological Sciences, Professor Vsevolod Vladimirovich Izosimov.

In recent years, there have been significant changes in the clinical course of pulmonary tuberculosis (A.E. Rabukhin, S.E. Nezlin, F.A. Mikhailov, etc.). In contrast to previous years, cavernous forms of tuberculosis took a protracted, torpid course, pronounced sclerotic and emphysematous changes are observed in the lung tissue (N. A. Lifshits, L. A. Vinnik). There is an increase in the proportion of patients with chronic cavernous forms of tuberculosis among the dispensary contingents (BL Mazur, VA Nesterov). The development of cicatricial connective tissue leads to a variety of disorders in the structure and function of the bronchial tree and creates the prerequisites for complications by secondary infection and subsequent formation of bronchiectasis. Currently, the components of the clinical picture of chronic forms of cavernous tuberculosis are formed not only due to the phenomena of specific tuberculous intoxication, but, perhaps, to a greater extent due to emphysema, pneumosclerosis and bronchiectasis, often complicated by secondary infection, symptoms of pulmonary heart failure.

Clinical observations and experimental studies confirm the dependence of the manifestations and course of pneumonia on the type of microbe-pathogen and the need for differentiated treatment of pneumonia of various etiologies with appropriate antibiotics. In this regard, it becomes obvious the importance of a mandatory bacterioscopic examination of sputum not only for the early diagnosis of pneumonia, but also for the correct choice of the most active means of their treatment.

The issue of ascites in Botkin's disease is not yet fully understood. Until recently, the literature described ascitic forms of Botkin's disease, usually proceeding severely with a picture of acute or subacute dystrophy, liver. So, in 1931 A. L. Myasnikov described 4 cases of subacute hepatitis with ascites, of which 2 ended in death. Later, parenchymal hepatitis with ascites were described by other authors (Lepene, 1935; M. A. Yasinovsky, 1948; N. V. Andrianova and H. N. Rynkova, 1949; R. I. Lepskaya; 1952). At the same time, it was noted that the disease was difficult with symptoms of acute or subacute liver dystrophy, accompanied not only by ascites, but often by general edema and gave great mortality.

The issue of adhesions in the abdominal cavity in those who have undergone suturing of perforated gastric and duodenal ulcers in the past is of undoubted practical importance. It is known, for example, that when discussing the problem of surgical tactics for perforated ulcers, one of the arguments in favor of primary resection of the stomach is often considered that if, after suturing the ulcer, a second operation is required - gastric resection, it is very difficult due to for the abundance of adhesions.

The morphological picture of a hypertensive crisis is well developed and generally accepted. However, the issue of the intestinal symptom complex of hypertensive crises is extremely insufficiently covered in domestic and foreign literature. As a result, the attending physicians, in particular, surgeons and therapists, are not sufficiently aware of the possibility of developing obstruction and other symptoms from the intestine, up to and including peritonitis, due to hypertensive vascular crisis.

The question of ovulation has long been of interest to scientists, since pregnancy is also directly related to ovulation. The ability to establish ovulation in simple and affordable ways and the timing of its onset will allow the doctor to correctly approach the diagnosis of infertility and its elimination.

The method that confirms and finally establishes the diagnosis of cervical cancer is a histopathological examination of pieces taken from suspicious areas on the cervix or cervical polyps. Some pathologists, however, are not sufficiently familiar with a variety of morphological changes occurring on the cervix, especially in cervical polyps, which results in an incorrect assessment and serious diagnosis of cervical cancer where it does not exist.

Among the various mechanisms that determine the state of immunity, both phagocytosis and humoral factors of immunity play an important role. However, these factors do not exhaust all the body's defense mechanisms against infection. We must not forget that in the process of a disease, for example, dysentery, the body is flooded with antigenic substances, which largely determine the clinical picture of the disease. Removal of these antigenic substances from the body is one of the important defense mechanisms, since this form of defense plays a certain role in the entire sum of immunological processes that develop during the course of the disease and cause the onset of recovery. As will be seen from the further presentation, in acute dysentery ending in recovery, by the end of the disease the ability to cleanse the body of the dysentery antigen reaches a significant height. In chronic dysentery, this ability does not develop, and, in particular, the kidneys do not acquire the properties of increased concentration and rapid removal of antigenic substances from the body.

The works of Russian scientists, based on the materialistic ideas of nervousism, have shown the great importance of various parts of the nervous system for the course of many, both physiological and pathological processes. A clear evidence of the importance of the sympathetic nervous system can be the widespread use in clinical practice of the method of novocaine blockades, proposed and developed by A.V. Vishnevsky, his students and followers, when the anesthetic solution, spreading over loose tissue, washes the nerve plexuses and nodes lying along the trunks large vessels (g. celiacum, pl. renalis, suprarenalis, nn splanchnic, etc.), interrupts the impulses coming from internal organs and tissues to the central nervous system and back, thereby positively affecting metabolic processes, excitability and tissue trophism. The study of the blood supply to the sympathetic plexuses and nodes is also of particular importance in connection with the recognition of the participation of the secret of their chromaffin tissue in the formation of adrenaline and the mediator of the sympathetic nervous system — sympathetic.

In the surgical department of our hospital from 1951 to 1957. 97 people (56 men and 41 women) were treated with acute intestinal obstruction. Under the age of 10 there were 3, from 10 to 20 years old - 10, from 20 to 30 years old - 17, from 30 to 40 years old - 20, from 40 to 50 years old - 23, from 50 to 60 years old - 15, over 60 years - 9. The greatest number of cases falls on the age of 40-50 years. Hospitalized within 6 hours from the onset of the disease 20, up to 12 hours - 25, up to 18 hours - 14, before 24 hours - 11 people. Consequently, 70 patients were admitted on the first day, 12 on the second, and 15. Thus, most of the patients were admitted with a significant delay. However, it should be noted that every year, due to the approach of qualified medical care to the population, the improvement of diagnostics and the provision of special vehicles, late hospitalization is less common.

In the work of a pediatrician in nurseries and children's homes, the leading place is taken by caring for a high level of physical development of children. To harden the child's body and strengthen his health, in addition to a rational regime, widespread use of fresh air and good nutrition, it is necessary to pay great attention to the development of movements in children.

According to Zarubin, the incidence of trachoma in the population of the Yalchinsky district in 1931 was 70.7%. In this article, we would like to share our experience in eliminating trachoma as a mass disease in 1952–58. During these years, the state provided our region with the required amount of synthomycin emulsion free of charge. In these years, trachoma in the region was endemic, and more than 6,000 people were treated with synthomycin emulsion. Over the years, the number of patients with trachoma was as follows: 1952-4302.53-3860; 54-2950; 55-2433; 56-1842; 57-648; 58-250, and on January 1, 59, there were 27 people with an infectious form of trachoma.

The treatment of heart wounds in peacetime is still a section of casuistry. Each case of this type of injury is of particular practical interest. G., 22 years old, was admitted to the surgical department at 3 hours 30 / VI-57, two hours before admission he received a knife wound in the left half of the chest. The condition is extremely serious, the patient is unconscious. Severe cyanosis of the skin and mucous membranes. Breathing quickened, shallow, weakened. The borders of the heart are uniformly expanded, the tones are not audible. Pulse on the radial arteries is absent, on the carotid - weakened and arrhythmic; BP is not determined.

Patient M., born in 1925, at the age of 16 had a head injury with loss of consciousness, after which she was treated in a hospital for a month. Along with the physical trauma, there was also a mental one; that day she was greatly upset by the news of her father's death. Four months later, the patient developed seizures, and soon strange behavior, inadequate and aggressive behavior was added. From 1941 to 1948 she was repeatedly in Izhevsk, Sardan, Ashlan psychiatric hospitals with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Patient was taken to the Kazan psychiatric hospital on 14 / IX-48 in a confused state of consciousness. On 18 / XI, visual and auditory hallucinations disappeared, the behavior was ordered, however, when the anamnesis was clarified, it was not collected yet.

Workers are very often encountered with sulfur compounds in industry. So, they come into contact with these chemicals in the production of sulfuric acid, in the processing of poly-sulfur oil, in pickling departments at metal plants, in the production of cellulose, ultramarine, bleaching cloth, silk, straw, bristles, in tanneries, in the production of viscose fiber, etc. A large group of other substances used in industry, with daily exposure to the human body in small doses, has a general toxic effect and primarily disrupts metabolic processes, mainly associated with liver function.

In the fulling and felt industry, there are still serious shortcomings that affect labor productivity and the health of workers. Therefore, the Kazan fulling-felt combine and the Central Committee of the trade union of workers in the light and textile industry put forward the topic of studying working conditions in the main shops of the fulling-felt enterprises. When performing the work, we paid special attention to the issues of primary processing of wool in connection with the high dust content of the air in the preparatory shops.

The session was convened by the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, M3 of the RSFSR and the All-Russian Hygienic Society and was held on 14-18 / IX-59 in the city of Gorky. 17 reports were heard and discussed at plenary sessions and 62 at sectional sessions. Full member of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences, prof. A. A. Letavet made a report “The tasks of occupational health in the light of the decisions of the XXI Congress of the CPSU”. The extensive development of mechanization and automation of production processes, the introduction of new advanced technology create favorable conditions for the further improvement of working conditions. The main sections of scientific research in the field of occupational health and occupational diseases in 1959-65. there should be: 1) occupational health in the chemical industry, industrial toxicology, occupational diseases in the chemical industry; 2) physical factors of the working environment, their effect on the body, prevention (the use of atomic energy for peaceful purposes, high and ultrahigh frequencies, ultrasound, the introduction of vibration and many other physical processes make it especially relevant to study the biological action of physical factors and the development of preventive measures).

Clinicians are well aware that inflammation of the biliary tract often accompanies chronic appendicitis or is detected at some time after appendectomy. The mechanisms underlying the origin and development of the pathological process in the biliary tract in patients with chronic appendicitis have not been sufficiently studied, which prompted us to address this issue.

There were 83 patients under observation (men — 79 and women — 4). The vast majority (78%) were between the ages of 20 and 40. The duration of the disease was up to a year in 23, up to 3 years in 27, up to 5 years in 12, up to 10 years in 10, and more than 10 years in 11. All patients had a symptom of a niche, which was documented on sighting images. With a duodenal ulcer there were 60, with a stomach ulcer - 20, 3 patients had ulcers both in the stomach and in the duodenum. All patients received complex treatment, which consisted of diet therapy, the appointment of sedatives, blood transfusions and promedol, against the background of prolonged bed and semi-bed rest and the mandatory provision of a therapeutic regimen. All patients were prescribed vitamin C, mainly parenterally, with particular attention paid to the diet.

Patients with alopecia areata were treated with intradermal novocaine blockade. A warm 0.5% solution of novocaine at a dose of no more than 10-20 ml was injected directly into the foci of alopecia in 62 patients using the creeping infiltrate method. The course of treatment consisted of 7-10 intradermal blockades at intervals of 7-8 days. The cure was achieved in 45 patients, significant improvement - in 4, improvement - in 5, the effect was absent in 8. Hair growth began after 2-3 blocks. For the full effect, as a rule, one course of treatment lasting 40 - 55 days is sufficient.

The monograph is devoted to the syndrome that develops with closed muscle injuries due to massive bruises or prolonged crushing of the soft tissues of the body. N. I. Pirogov was the first to mention closed injuries of soft tissues in his "Principles of General Military Field Surgery". A peculiar syndrome arising from such injuries has been described by various authors under various names - "traumatic edema", "crash syndrome", "crush syndrome", "traumatic toxicosis", "unloading shock". The author of the monograph thinks that it would be more correct to call it “Prolonged Crush Syndrome (SDS)”.

On October 26, 1959, after a short serious illness, the associate professor of the 1st Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Tarif Muginovich Sharafutdinov died. He was born in 1898. In 1919 he graduated from the Kazan Teachers' Seminary, and in 1925 from the Medical Faculty of Kazan University. From 1925 to 1929 he worked in the apparatus of the People's Commissariat of Health of the Tatar Republic and was an intern at the clinic of prof. V. S. Gruzdeva. After a year of practical work in the obstetric and gynecological hospital in Kazan and teaching at the Kazan feldsher and obstetric school, he was an assistant to the obstetric and gynecological clinic of the Kazan GIDUV for 9 years. In 1936 he was awarded the scientific degree of Candidate of Medical Sciences. sciences and the title of assistant professor at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

From October 27 to October 29, 1959, the 1st Republican Conference of Stomatologists and Dentists was held in Kazan. The Deputy Minister of Health of the TASSR, T. F. Kh. Fatkullin, made a report "On the state and measures for improving dental care in the TASSR", who noted that now there is a significant network of dental institutions: 7 polyclinics, 154 offices at polyclinics, of which 45 are in medical and prophylactic institutions in Kazan and 109 in cities and regions of the republics; 45 dental prosthetics laboratories work. Only in recent years, dental clinics have been opened in the city of Almetyevsk, in the Soviet and Leninsky districts of Kazan. Inpatient care is provided at the Republican Dental Hospital, at the 3rd City Hospital and at the Research Institute of Orthopedics and Traumatology. Currently, 235 dentists and 100 dentists work in the republic.