Vol 23, No 6-7 (1927)

Histology of the nervous system is served, for the purpose of research, almost exclusively by stained slices from fixed objects. As fixing agents, mainly alcohol, formaldehyde and mixtures of chromium salts are used, which produce more or less fast clotting of tissue colloids, as a result of which the in vivo structure of cells with their processes is very much changed. To what extent our preparations give us the right to conclude about the living structure of cells and especially about the processes running or already running intra vitam is an old and much debated problem.

We will try to analyze the physiological act of an animal-jump-and determine how the labyrinthine reflexes, known from experimental studies of many authors, are revealed during the jump. I hope that such an analysis will lead us to a better understanding of the physiology of the labyrinth, as we will find out the purpose of the reflexes.

Surgical treatment of extrapulmonary tbe in the form of excisions for lupus, resections for bone and joint lesions, incisions and gland extirpations, etc., usually gave such results whose dubiousness made most surgeons think twice. The statistics of the former surgical clinics fully convince us of this.

Every surgeon nowadays can, of course, relatively easily perform a laminectomy by one method or another. However, any simplification of technique in surgery should always be desirable. It seems to me that the easiest way to perform this operation can be as Leriche has suggested since the decision that bone grafting is unnecessary here. I have always done it this way myself and before Leriche's publication. 

If uterine hernias in general are a rare phenomenon, then even rarer are hernias of the pregnant uterus. In reviewing the Russian literature on obstetrics, I encountered descriptions of only two cases of this kind, observed by Rozanov and Tipyakov. In the case of the first author there was an inguinal hernia hanging down to his knees; the pregnancy ended in spontaneous delivery of a stillborn fetus. Unfortunately, I could get acquainted with this case only from a brief abstract; I could not obtain the author's dissertation, in which this case is apparently described in more detail. In Tinyakov's case there was an abdominal hernia with the phenomena of impingement; the pregnancy was in its fifth month; due to the presence of signs of impingement, the author performed perineal resection, dissected the hernia ring and repositioned the uterus, after which the pregnancy safely reached its end.

Anomalies of human body development come into the clinician's field of view usually only when a variant of structural abnormality takes beyond the so-called healthy state the function of the improperly developing organ and sometimes others, topically or functionally related to it. In most cases, the pathogenesis of such diseases is obvious, and individual forms are of interest only from the point of view of symptomatology.

The cervical and labyrinthine reflexes discovered and studied by Magnus and his school open a new chapter in neuropathology. Inferior in simplicity to tendon and skin reflexes, they, nevertheless, quite naturally appear under certain conditions. To discover them in the clinic, it is necessary to look for them more thoroughly, to see them more or less incontrovertibly at least once, to learn to discover them where there are only their rudiments. The conditions under which they appear in patients are extremely complicated and have been studied very little.

The question of the supposed connection between epilepsy and tetany has been enriched by new facts during the last decade. Experimental researches of Vollmer, Bisgard, Noervig and others have established distinct violations of parathyroid glands activity in epilepsy. According to Fischer and Leyser materials, both tetany and epilepsy in adults develop on the basis of abnormal spasmophilic constitution.

In 1924, in the report of one of us, made at the conference of doctors of the Pyatigorsk resort polyclinic, and in 1925, in a report by Dr. A. B. Rabinovich, a former employee of the Saratov Clinic, made at the Saratov Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists named after L. O. Darkshevich, two characteristic cases of combined diseases of the posterior and lateral columns of the spinal cord were described, with a modern illumination of the pathogenesis of this disease, called by Henneberg's myelosis; in one of these cases the etiological point of the disease was lues, in the other avitaminosis.

Mass experiment in the field of psychological research has already won the right to exist, and even the question of choosing a method is gradually losing its former urgency, despite the emergence of a number of new methods. True, there can be no talk of a single method, or at least the coordination and unification of the methods proposed and still practiced; it is even possible that there will be no need for this, due to local conditions, such as: the peculiarities of the task, the properties of human material, the fitness of the laboratory, and finally, due to personal preference for one particular technique; but one thing will remain constant and common for all conditions and research schools — the need to carry out experiments, firstly, by completely reliable personnel, and secondly, with the most correct and scientifically pure formulation of experiments.

In the last 20 years, thanks to the advances in radiology, a new nosological form has been isolated from the general mass of skeletal diseases - a peculiar suffering of the articular ends of the bones, which occurs at a young age - a disease which, with little knowledge of it by a wide range of doctors, still appears under the most mottled, erroneous diagnoses: tuberculosis, rickets, fracture, distortion, periostitis, neuralgia, myalgia and rheumatism. This particular form of lesion has been described in a wide variety of epiphyses by various authors and is named after them. The importance of the timely recognition of the said affliction prompts us to give in the present sketch a list of the main data covered in this matter by the modern literature.

The author investigated on 103 cadavers and 200 radiographs the topographic location of the stomach. According to the author, in the location of the latter we should distinguish: 1) direction of the longus, 2) position of the cardiae and 3) position of the pylorus. Three main types of gastric location can be distinguished: vertical, horizontal and oblique transitional.

The author reports on one infant whose mother was exposed to intense light at 3 or 4 months of gestation.

Heavy metals introduced into the body in one way or another act bactericidally by combining with bacterial albumin. On this basis, Rausch Zoltan used iontophoresis with the introduction of copper salts for boils.

Based on both clinical observations and experimental studies, the authors attribute an important role in the origin of pernicious anemia to vitamin deficiencies in the diet, especially vitamin A.

The author observed the development of true diabetes in a patient treated for acute colitis with adrenaline enemas. At first the disease was amenable to atropinization, then it stopped responding to the latter and quickly led to death.

According to Bleikman, provocative injections of milk (3-5 cSt) are a valuable diagnostic method for recognizing gastric and duodenal ulcers and chronic appendicitis.

Nobl, reviewing the technique of this operation, considers high ligation of v. saphenae usually used by surgeons unnecessary. Hirsch contradicts him by pointing out that this operation can by no means be considered a completely safe intervention, and that it should not be undertaken without prior high ligation of the v. saphenae.

The author cites the results of 600 operations of this kind performed at the Hildebrand Clinic.

The author recommends to diagnose the early stages of iridocyclitis, which is sometimes very difficult to recognize in these stages, based on the presence of pain during accomodation.

The author suggests treating purulent fistulas of the lacrimal sac, as well as lupus and carcinomatous processes in this area, with Necrolysin, a drug that has a strong proteolytic action, thus destroying the granulations that support the suppuration.

Автор рекомендует для лечения ангины Plaut-Vincent’a и др. спириллозных заболеваний рта спироцит—препарат Ehrlich’a № 594. Препарат этот был испробован рядом авторов, особенно в затяжных и не поддававшихся лечению случаях, с хорошим терапевтическим эффектом.

According to S. M. Rubashev, the stomatogenic-canalicular theory, which considers parotitis as a retentive disease, is valid only for rare cases of this disease.

Treatment must be started as early as possible, while there are still no organic changes. For success, complete isolation of the patient from both other patients and her relatives is necessary, and this isolation must continue for several days even after cure. Prediction is favorable in neurasthenia; on the contrary, acceleration of the pulse is unfavorable.

The author studied 61 epileptics, asking himself 8 questions: 1) how does epilepsy affect pregnancy? 2) how does pregnancy affect epilepsy? 3) What is the fate of the children? The effect of epilepsy on pregnancy is small: it does not cause abortions or premature births. On the contrary, pregnancy can cause seizures of cured epilepsy to reappear, and the existing condition can worsen markedly.

The author conducted two series of deliveries for comparison, of which in one series the pituitary extract was injected when bleeding appeared, and in the other series it was injected prophylactically intravenously in a dose of 1.0 pituglandol 5 min after delivery and again 20 min later if there was no complete separation of the placenta.

The author distinguishes between "highly virulent" microbes, which have the ability to grow in foreign blood as well as in the blood of their host, "virulent" microbes, which grow only in foreign blood but not in the blood of their host, which has a sufficient number of anti-bodies, and finally, "avirulent" microbes, which have no ability to grow in blood at all.

The author found that low-dose x-ray therapy (the author used 15-20% NED) is a valuable way to treat inflammatory processes in the female genital area.

Studying the material relating to 45 cases of bronchiectasia in order to find out the main characteristic features of this disease to differentiate it from tbc, the author found that the chronic inflammatory fibrous process leading to bronchiectatic enlargements extends simultaneously to the bronchial walls, interstitial lung tissue and pleura, and that the most frequent localization of bronchiectasias is the lower lobe.

According to E. T. Salkindson, physical therapy occupies an especially honorable place in children's practice, since it is in children that physical agents act exceptionally well and quickly. Physical therapy of diseases of childhood differs from that of adults in its methodology and dosage.

Analyzing clinical and experimental data of different authors, Hauptmann comes to the following conclusions: metalytic diseases cannot be explained only by the presence of spirochaetes in the brain; of great importance here are also the general toxic effects of the luetic infection; Whereas the immune-strong organism destroys the spirochaetes by phagocytosis (hence the strong secondary reactions), the immune-weak one (future metalyuetes, without strong cutaneous reactions) fights them extracellularly as with any foreign protein; this weakness may depend on the organism itself and on the spirochaetes (e.g. , The endotoxins released during the second kind of struggle affect especially the vascular endothelium and increase the permeability of the "barrier between the blood and the liquor".

Jacobsohn reports the results of a study of 100 progressive paraplegics as to their blood group identity (by Jansk): group I-33%, II-47%, III-17%, and IV-3%.

Münzer and Pollak in a recent case of initial female schizophrenia performed an extensive histological study of the endocrine apparatus and the brain, then compared the findings with the clinical picture.

The author makes an attempt at nosological representation of this disease on the basis of 24 cases from the literature and 11 of his own.

In this disease, as Schlesinger points out, the most constant clinical symptom is fever, which may resemble in its course the febrile state of sepsis, typhoid, malaria, or liver abscess.

Based on the modern view of psoriasis as a disease dependent on endocrine gland dysfunction, the author believes that the action on the goiter gland of high voltage currents may well replace the currently used treatment of psoriasis with extracts of the goiter gland. In 7 cases, which were under his supervision, diathermy gave an excellent result.

This interesting book, intended for physicians who are well versed in the elements of semiotics, aims to enable a correct assessment of the symptoms in order to understand the essence of the pathological process. The author gives a detailed and coherent account of the subjective and objective examination, and stops even at small details that may in one way or another be useful in making a diagnosis.

Session 19 / IV. Priv-Assoc. AD Gusev: Chemical reactions of blood for sex determination. The speaker tested the reactions of Manoilov and Bernatsky on the blood samples of 56 people, while obtaining quite satisfactory results. His experiments with solutions of proteins and salts of nitrous oxide and iron oxide convinced him that Bernatsky's reaction depends exclusively on the amount of iron in the blood, while Manoilov's reaction obviously depends on the state of iron in the blood (various combinations of nitrous oxide and oxide). The amount of proteins does not play such an essential role here as Schmidt, Perevozskaya, and other authors ascribe to them. Prof. I.P. Vasiliev. V., S. Gruzdev, N. K. Goryaev, S. P. Mamadyshsky and M. P. Tushnov.

Session 20/IV.
Dr. L.A. Sinakevich demonstrated a preparation of primary vaginal cancer. The preparation represented an extirpated uterus together with a vaginal tube, on the back wall of which, in the upper third, there was a cancerous ulcer the size of a nickel; the cervix was unchanged.

From what angle might reports of casuistry of missed abortion be of interest?  Subscriber #2581.
Answer. In the doctrine of missed abortion it still remains unclear why in cases of this abnormality the uterus does not expel - as it usually does - the dead gestational sac until the normal end of pregnancy, but when this term is over it begins to develop contractile activity and expels the sac. Of the individual cases of missed abortion, those that throw light on this obscure issue are worthy of description.         Prof. V. Gruzdev.