Vol 81, No 5 (2000)

The 100th anniversary of the founding of the "Kazan Medical Journal" - one of the oldest and most authoritative periodical medical scientific publications in our country. Being a journal of a wide medical profile, intended for practitioners of rural and urban medical institutions, he made a great contribution to the system of improving medical care for the population, improving its quality by increasing the knowledge and qualifications of doctors. The journal played an important role in the formation of the Kazan medical school and in the promotion of its scientific achievements throughout the world.

The centenary is a worthy milestone for every periodical. To set such a high bar in conditions far from favorable - against the background of historical cataclysms, the most severe breakdown of political worldviews and economic structures that radically influenced the development of all areas of science, and in particular medicine - fell to a few scientific journals. An attempt to impartially assess the contribution of the "Kazan Medical Journal" to the development of science, the training of medical personnel from the height of the years he lived in this article will hardly succeed. The chronological presentation of events will inevitably be warmed by a feeling of deep respect for the memory of those outstanding scientists who in different years led the journal or collaborated with it, and will require a lot of warm words about them.

Fibrin is degraded by the fibrinolytic system wich a plasminogen activator converts plasminogen to plasmin, a serine protease that cleaves specific bonds in fibrin leading to solubilization. To elucidate the biophysical processes involved in conversion of insoluble fibers to soluble fragments, fibrin was treared with either plasmin or the combination of plasminogen and its activator, and morphologic changes were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Initial changes in the fibrin matrix included creation of many free fiber ends and gaps in the continuity of fibers. With more extensive digestion, free fiber segments associated laterally, resulting in formation of thick fiber handles. Supernatants of digesting clots, containing soluble derivatives, were negatively contrasted and examined by transmission electron microscopy large complex fragments containing portions of multiple fibers were observed, as were piaces of individual fibers and smaller fragments. Some large fragments had sharply defined ends, indicating that they had been cleaved perpendicularly to the fiber direction. Other fibers showed splayed ends or a lacy meshwork of surrounding protofibrils. Fibrinolysis was also followed by confocal microscopy of plasma clots labeled with colloidal gold, so that changes at the lysis front of hydrated clots could be examined in real time. Clots made up of thin fibers were cleaved more slowly than clots made up of thick fibers, even though individual thin fibers were cleaved more rapidly. These results indicate that fibrinolytic degradation results in larger pieces than previously identified, and that plasmin digestion proceeds locally by transverse cutting across fibers rather than by progressive cleavage uniformly around the fiber. A model is proposed for the crawling of plasmin across fibrin fibers.

The results of morphometric examination of 98 patients with syringomyelia are given. The combination of syringomyelia with various degree of cerebellar tonsil falling is established. The comparative analysis of subarachnoid space sizes on the level of the posterior cranial fossa and craniovertebral passage in patients with syringomyelia and cerebellar ectopia of various degree as well as in patients without tonsil ectopia and control group is performed. The morphometric patterns of liquor circulation disorders are established.

The level of antibodies to chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp) and Micoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) in 65 patients with bronchial asthma in the clinical remission phase is studied. To reveal antibodies to Cp the indirect immunofluorescence reaction was used, to reveal antibodies to Mp the indirect immunoenzymic analysis method was used. In diagnostic titer the antibodies to Cp were found in 23 patients and antibodies to Mp were found in 25 patients (38%) of 65. In 6 (9,2%) of them the antibodies to Cp were also determined. In patients of seropositive and seronegative groups the differences on some anamnestic and laboratory data, accompanying somatic pathology in medical complex were revealed. |

On the basis of 93 observations the conclusions on the indications to the temporal postoperative electrocardiostimulation are made. It is established that it should be carried out in bradyarrhythmia. In cardiasthenia not connected with conduction disorders, electrocardiostimulation is not effective. Temporal epicardial electrodes should be sutured both in the stable and in transitional transversal heart block as well as for prevention in traumatic manipulations in the conduction tract zone because of danger of the “late” block occurrence. Duration of the temporal electrocardiostimulation should not exceed nine days. It is necessary to implant the constant electro- cardiostimulator in the traunsversal heart block being retained more than nine days.

The patients with the nonerythematous form of borreliosis (83 persons) were observed in the epidemic seasons of 1997—1999. The organ pathology often develops on the background of the general infections syndrome. The clinical variants of the early period are described: arthromyalgic, similar to influenza, regional lymphadenitis, neurologic, cardiovascular, hepatitis, mixed.

The evisceration procedure of pelvic organs with the one-moment recovery of continuity of the urinary tract and intestine is developed. The work is based on the experience of surgical treatment of 56 patients with locally widespread forms of the pelvic organ cancer after evisceration. The complications after the operation were found in 19 (36,5%) patients, of which 8 (15,3%) patients died. The remote results are studied in 42 patients. The two-year survival rate index was 76,8+1,7%, three-year—64,1+1,5%, five-year—49,5+1,5%. In surgical treatment of the pelvic organ cancer the evisceration is an adequate and oncolo-gically justified operative intervention. With the one-moment reconstructive intervention the evisceration makes it possible to reach the optimal results and to improve the life quality of the radically operated patients.

In experiments on rats and in examination of two groups of 31 patients the use of novocaine blockades of lumbar sympathetic nodes in the combined treatment of patients with shin fractures on so-called unfavourable levels — on the boundary of the middle and lower third — is well-grounded. Their use normalizes the drainage function of veins and lymphatic vessels decreases the pulse blood flow deficit on the fracture side, improves microcirculation.

The state of newborns in women with micoplasma infection is studied to develop the tactics of their management from the first days of life. It is shown that the current antenatal diagnosis, prevention of the perinatal fetus pathology, and adequate therapy in postnatal period promote the significant decrease of residual forms of the micoplasma infection and the prevention of infant disability.

40 years have passed since a group of scientists led by prof. N.V. Lazarev were the first to synthesize drugs of the pyrimidine series - methyluracil and pentoxide. Their successful use in surgical practice is explained by the ability of these agents to stimulate the processes of reparative regeneration.

After resection of the stomach for a penetrating duodenal ulcer (DU), postoperative pancreatitis occurs in 8.5-32.0% of patients.

We analyzed the results of treatment of 48 patients with chronic prostatitis (CP) using local prostate hyperthermia, magnetic and ultrasound (US) therapy.

In the 90s of the 20th century, a steady upward trend in the incidence of the population was observed in Russia, and to date, both total, and infant and maternal mortality are high [3]. The state of health of the population has thus crossed a critical line. There is a need for the most effective measures aimed at creating a human-friendly environment, ensuring the safety of food and water, in combination with the correct demographic policy and promotion of a healthy lifestyle.

During 1999, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention published a series of reports that identified the 10 most significant advances in human health since 1900. The main criterion for selecting achievements was their impact on mortality, morbidity, and disability in the population. The significance of these data goes beyond national specifics, and with some reservations, they reflect the global progress in health care in the 20th century.

The conference was opened with lectures by S.M. Strukova (Moscow) “Platelet-vascular hemostasis” and D.M. Zubairova (Kazan) “Initiation of blood coagulation”.

Negative changes in public health indicators, which began long before the reforms of the 1990s, have become especially pronounced in recent years. Modern conditions are characterized by pronounced regional differences in indicators of health and the development of medical care for the population, due to the level of adaptation of the economy and the social sphere of specific territories. In this regard, it is important to study the regional patterns of the formation of public health and the problems of providing medical care.