Vol 41, No 4 (1960)

Even S. P. Botkin expressed his opinion about the infectious nature of "catarrhal jaundice". His student N. P. Vasiliev (1888) described the clinical picture and gave epidemiological data on jaundice, proceeding with high fever, symptoms of intoxication, damage to the liver, spleen, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract disorders, meningeal phenomena, hemorrhages, nosebleeds, rash on the body and herpes on the lips.

Despite the seemingly significant number of clinical and laboratory symptoms of typical forms of myocardial infarction, each additional sign that facilitates its recognition in the initial period is of great practical importance. Diagnostic "urgency" during this period of the disease is emphasized by the fact that the first days are the most responsible in terms of the patient's regimen and the doctor's tactics.

There are a number of reports in the literature on the violation of the intrasecretory function of the pancreas in surgical diseases of the stomach. Many works are devoted to the study of the intrasecretory function of the pancreas and the hypoglycemic symptom complex after gastric resection. The reasons for the change in the function of the pancreas after resection of the stomach should be explained from the point of view of the teachings of I. P. Pavlov, since the physiological relationships of the pancreas with other organs of the digestive tract are disturbed, due to the intersection of the branches of the vagus nerves, hemodynamic disturbances, removal of the sokogenic section of the stomach.

Surgical treatment of chronic nonspecific suppuration of the lungs in children has not yet become widespread. The number of operated children, even in the largest statistics, does not reach 100 cases (A. P. Kolesov and employees, E. G. Dubeykovskaya, S. L. Libov and K. F. Shiryaeva). This report is based on personal observations of the surgical treatment of 91 children operated on for chronic suppuration of the lung.

The question of the state of the central nervous system in children with rheumatism has long attracted the attention of numerous researchers (V. V. Mikheev, E. A. Bley, R. M. Pen, Z. M. Zemlyakova, M. A. Izrailskaya, etc.). Forms of rheumatism with distinct neurological disorders were usually studied. The state of the nervous system in cardiac and articular forms of rheumatism, proceeding without sharp neurological symptoms, has not yet been fully studied clinically, and almost not studied pathomorphologically. Until now, there is no consensus about the nature of changes in the autonomic division of the central nervous system in this disease. The aim of this work is to conduct a clinical study of the state of the central nervous system in children with cardiac and articular forms of rheumatism in the active phase of the disease, as well as to study pathomorphological changes in the brain and spinal cord in patients who died from these forms of rheumatism.

The biochemical composition of amniotic fluid during pregnancy complicated by polyhydramnios has not been essentially studied, although it is of interest for elucidating the mechanisms of polyhydramnios, prevention and treatment. We have studied the content of sugar, chlorides, urea, residual nitrogen and total protein in the amniotic fluid in 11 pregnant women suffering from polyhydramnios. The diagnosis of polyhydramnios in them was made on the basis of a clinical study and then confirmed by measuring the amount of amniotic fluid obtained during childbirth.

Tomographic layer-by-layer examination of the skull has been used since 1938 (Fronet and Buffet, Janker, Depp). In the Soviet Union, I. G. Schlifer was the first to perform a tomographic study of the skull in brain tumors; in 1941, F. I. Lapidus extended this method to the study of pathological processes in the paranasal sinuses of the lower jaw. In 1951, E. S. Brezhnev published a paper on the importance of the tomographic method in X-ray diagnostics of diseases of the skull. The technique of tomographic examination of the anterior cranial fossa was developed by Ya. I. Geynisman. Since 1948 M. Kh. Faizullin has been engaged in the tomographic method of studying the cerebral and facial skull.

The functional state of the autonomic nervous system in most patients is impaired, and therefore there are pronounced changes in the number of released neurotransmitters - adrenaline and acetylcholine. Since vegetative shifts affect the clinical picture of the disease, it is important to characterize them quantitatively.

At present, the success of immunization against diphtheria is so significant that the health authorities have embarked on a course to eliminate the disease. In the fight against diphtheria, not only the coverage of vaccinations among the broad masses of children, but also the correct organization of vaccination, play an important role. With active immunization with toxoid, the interval between vaccination and the first revaccination is very important in the development of a sufficiently stable and long-term anti-diphtheria immunity. Meanwhile, the question of the optimal interval between the second vaccination and the next revaccination cannot be considered finally resolved.

As you know, cutaneous manifestations of tertiary syphilis are far from always accompanied by visceral ones, which causes not only difficulties in recognizing the true nature of the disease, but also errors in treatment. Over the past ten years, among our patients, 5 people. suffered from visceral syphilis, which was confirmed by autopsy. The analysis of these observations is of practical interest.

The essence of the disease mainly consists in a violation of iron metabolism with increased deposition of it in a number of organs and, mainly, in the liver, mainly in the form of hemosiderin. The term "hemochromatosis" was introduced by Recklinghausen (1889) and reflects one of the characteristic symptoms of the disease — an abnormal coloration of the skin (melasma) and organs, due to the deposition of pigments in them, according to the author — of blood origin. With the help of labeled iron, it was found that increased deposition of iron in the liver and in other organs during hemochromatosis is associated, in contrast to hemosiderosis (with hemolytic jaundice, pernicious anemia), not with increased blood breakdown, but with an increase in the absorption of iron from the digestive tract.

In recent years, chronic pneumonia has often attracted the attention of both clinicians and pathologists and radiologists, however, this question cannot be considered settled. The topic of this work is the description of the form of chronic pneumonia in children, which, due to its localization behind the shadow of the heart, may remain unrecognized if the attending physician is insufficiently familiar with it.

Operations on the botalloid duct with its non-closure are now widespread (A. N. Bakulev, E. N. Meshalkin, B. K. Osipov, P. A. Kupriyanov, S. L. Libov, M. I. Perelman, Littman, Crafford, Blelok). However, ligation of the open Botallov's duct during lung resection is a rare surgical intervention. We have come across a description of such operations in the literature available to us only twice. So, in 1955, S. L. Libov and K. F. Shiryaeva demonstrated a 6-year-old girl who underwent ligation of the Botallov's duct and removal of the lower lobe and reed segment of the left lung for bronchiectasis. In the same year, V. S. Shapkin successfully performed a pneumoectomy on a 27-year-old man and tied the open Botallus duct, which was not recognized before the operation.

Gallbladder volvulus is very rare. In 1955 N. V. Bobrova reported 26 cases, according to the literature, and one personal observation. In 1957, 3 observations of A. G. Etz and V. A. Grigorieva were published. The diagnosis of this disease is extremely difficult. Most often, volvulus of the gallbladder is mistaken for acute intestinal obstruction or an attack of gallstone disease. A sudden onset, sharp pains, repeated vomiting, the severity of the condition are usually found in each of these diseases. The observation below was also mistaken for acute intestinal obstruction.

Uterine rupture is a serious obstetric complication, and each case deserves attention. To the Popovskaya hospital 8 / XI-57 at 5 o'clock. delivered by a midwife for delivery, pregnant D., 27 years old. According to the pregnant woman, the contractions began on 7 / XI-57 at 18 o'clock. By the hour 8 / XI-57, the contractions intensified, became regular, very painful. On the way to the hospital, after a particularly painful contraction, the fetus stopped moving, the contractions stopped. On receipt of a complaint of pain throughout the abdomen and shortness of breath.

Glossopharyngeal neuralgia is rarely described, in contrast to trigeminal neuralgia. A.N. Filatov, who collected in the literature a description of 26 cases of glossopharyngeal neuralgia in 1930, correctly points out that the small number of published cases is explained not so much by the rarity of the disease as by the fact that it is often mixed with trigeminal neuralgia.

According to our materials, 50% of women of climacteric age suffer from severe or erased forms of climacteric disorders. The lack of constant and joint monitoring of such patients by specialists of different profiles, engaged in the diagnosis and treatment of climacteric manifestations, practically leads to the fact that these patients are deprived of the dispensary observation system, as a result of which treatment is often not very effective.

Kazan Institute for Advanced Training of Doctors named after V.I. Lenin, opened in 1920, was the second institute for advanced training of doctors in the system of Soviet health care, after the Leningrad one, which arose on the basis of Eleninsky Institute Hospital. In the latter, in pre-revolutionary times, on a private initiative, advanced training courses were organized, to which a small number of doctors trained at their own expense were admitted.

From the history of the struggle for materialism in medicine at Kazan University in the 2nd half of the 19th century Throughout the history of its development, medicine, like natural science, has served and continues to serve as an arena for a fierce struggle between materialism and idealism. This struggle is a reflection of the struggle between materialism and idealism in philosophy. In the development of Russian natural science, the materialist trend was predominant. Lenin's thesis that "the main directions of progressive social thought in Russia have, fortunately, a solid materialist tradition" is directly related to progressive Russian natural science.

The agenda of the conference included the following questions: 1) physiology and pathology of the acoustic apparatus; 2) etiopathogenesis of hearing loss; 3) research methods of the acoustic analyzer; 4) prevention and treatment of hearing loss. The conference was opened with a report by prof. V. I. Voyachek (Leningrad) "The Evolution of Innovation in Cofology". The term "cofology" combines the modern concept of treatment, mainly surgical, persistent or progressive forms of hearing loss. In the evolution of the improvement of surgical technique, the author noted a number of patterns of innovation, the influence of one discovery on another. The discovery of antibiotics contributed to the success of the surgical treatment of hearing loss.

In 1959, 11 meetings were held. 8 scientific reports, 4 - informational, 9 demonstrations were heard. Among the scientific reports, the main place was given to atherosclerosis. This problem was the subject of reports by L. M. Rakhlin, B. S. Maksudov, L. A. Lushnikova, M. G. Denisova (GIDUV) "On some internal factors in atherosclerosis", V. F. Bogoyavlensky (state clinic of the KSMI ) "On the question of the undulating course of atherosclerosis", V. E. Anisimova (faculty clinic of the KSMI) "On the role of unsaturated fatty acids in the therapy and prevention of atherosclerosis." The reports were also heard by K. A. Mayanskaya (state clinic of the KSMI) "To the diagnosis and treatment of cardiospasm", V. M. Zaitsev (faculty clinic of the KSMI) "To the clinic of atypical myocardial infarction", M. G. Denisova (GIDUV) "Glycoproteins in cardiac forms of rheumatism", L. A. Movchan and L. A. Spasskaya - "Bitsillin in the treatment of pneumonia", A. M. Brodskaya - "Towards the clinic of scleroderma."

In 1959, 8 meetings were held, of which 4 were joint with the Kazan Scientific Society of Pediatricians. At the meetings, 18 reports and 12 demonstrations were heard. Guided by the decision of the joint plenum of the Board of the All-Russian Societies of Obstetricians, Gynecologists and Pediatricians, which took place in Moscow in December 1958, and taking into account the problems in the fight against early infant mortality in the TASSR, the society paid its main attention in the reporting year to discussion and development, together with pediatricians, measures to combat stillbirth and early infant mortality. Half of the sessions were devoted to these questions. In these sessions, 10 reports were heard and discussed on the following topics: the role of obstetricians and pediatricians in reducing newborn mortality; analysis of early infant mortality in Kazan; analysis of newborn mortality for 3 maternity departments of the city; analysis of infant mortality from birth trauma and infection and measures to reduce it; pneumonia in newborns; intrauterine asphyxia of the fetus.

Of the 246 dispensaries from 16 to 35 years old, there were 119 women, 127 men. Stage I was found in 85.3% and stage II in 14.7%. The duration of the disease up to 3 years was in 8.6%, up to 8 years in 70.2% and more in 21.2%. Systolic pressure did not exceed 150 mm in 43.7%, it was above 150 mm in 56.3%. Diastolic pressure up to 90 mm was observed in 42.3%, above 90 mm - in 57.7%. Resting ECGs rarely showed disturbances in rhythm, conduction, changes in systolic readings, or in the position of the electrical axis of the heart.

Since the problem of treating anemia with iron preparations is associated with the study of its metabolism in the body, the task was to find out the iron content of blood serum in patients with various types of anemia, treated with various therapeutic agents, in dynamics and in the future to outline the ways of treatment with iron preparations. Non-hemoglobin iron takes an active part in metabolism and is currently one of the best indicators of the state of iron metabolism in the body. The content of non-hemoglobin iron in hypochromic, essential anemia, anemia from acute and chronic bleeding, in acute infections is reduced, in pernicious anemia, polycythemia and hemolytic anemia is increased.

For the period from 1947 to 1956. In the surgical departments of Bugulma hospitals, 237 operations were performed for stomach and duodenal ulcers: 186 gastroenteroanastomoses, 51 - gastric resection. There were 208 men. (87.8%) and women - 29 (12.2%). All of them had a typical ulcerative history with a long (from 3 to 6 years) recurrent course of the disease and a pronounced symptom complex.

We studied 64 patients from different medical institutions (1951-1957). The reasons are street trauma (33), household trauma (15), industrial (8), transport (7) and sports (1). By the nature of the fracture: comminuted fracture (28), transverse (26). Marginal fracture (6) and vertical fracture are very rare (1). Fracture was not specified in 3; open fractures were 3. In connection with the definition of the nature of the fracture, it is not always possible to base only on the radiograph or, moreover, on its description by the radiologist.

We have investigated and developed case histories of 701 gynecological patients who were treated in 1954 in Slavyansk. Of these, 540 (group I) had various chronic inflammatory processes of the female genital organs and 161 (group II) had primary infertility, mainly due to inflammatory processes. Among patients of group I with a disease duration of up to two years, it was 14.5%; up to three years - 12.2%; under 5 years - 19% and over 5 years - 54.3%.

The book attracts the attention of the reader, since it is devoted to the urgent problem of the increase in the incidence of lung cancer and the clarification of the relationship of this phenomenon with the progressive air pollution of industrial centers and cities with carcinogenic hydrocarbons, in particular, 3-4-benzpyrene. Chapter 1 substantiates the conclusions about the relative and absolute increase in the incidence of lung cancer, especially in recent decades; it is noted that this increase concerns almost only men, and moreover, more residents of industrial centers than rural areas.

The second edition of the book by B. B. Kogan appeared 9 years after the first. The book has been significantly revised and supplemented in the light of new data accumulated over this long period. In fact, the reader has received a new book devoted to one of the most pressing issues of internal medicine. The most prominent expert on the problem of asthma, B. B. Kogan defends its nosological, not symptomatic understanding, emphasizing that bronchial asthma "... is an independent nosological unit representing a classic allergic disease with a more or less outlined clinical picture ...". Thus, bronchial asthma as a nosological unit is contrasted with symptomatic forms of suffocation. The chapter on asthma classifications critically examines the schemes of a number of authors and again draws the boundaries between bronchial asthma as an independent disease and its symptomatic forms.

V. D. Goldstein (Moscow). Regarding the article by BL Mazur "Clinic and differential diagnosis of tuberculosis" I would like to state some comments on the article by prof. BL Mazur, published in No. 6 of "Kazan Medical Journal" for 1959. 1. The author reports that "the course of tuberculosis has become easier", but at the same time points out that in the phase of disintegration), with giant cavities, with severe sclerosis. " The contradictions noted can only cause bewilderment. It is true that the latest treatment methods that have found widespread use in recent years, especially the advances in chemotherapy for tuberculosis, have made it possible to change the prognosis of some forms of pulmonary tuberculosis (acute miliary tuberculosis, subacute disseminated pulmonary tuberculosis) and have significantly expanded our therapeutic options for other forms of pulmonary tuberculosis. However, the use of chemotherapy, as a rule, cannot cure patients with chronic fibrous-cavernous pulmonary tuberculosis, contributing only to an increase in their life expectancy. Associated with this is the increase noted by the author in cases of amyloidosis, pulmonary heart failure, hemoptysis. At the same time, according to the available data, the number of patients with infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis did not increase, as the author believes, but remained at about the same level.

The Kazan therapeutic school lost one of its oldest representatives: on June 2, 1960, the doctor of medical sciences, the head of the hospital therapeutic clinic No. 2 of the Kazan Medical Institute, Professor Vasily Ivanovich Katerov died. Since graduating from the medical faculty of Kazan University in 1914, with the exception of short periods of military service (civil war), his entire creative life is associated with the hospital therapeutic clinic of Kazan University (since 1930 - Kazan Medical Institute). Having received excellent clinical training under the guidance of prof. V. F. Orlovsky, with whom he was approved as a staff resident in 1915 and already in 1916 began to act as an assistant, and subsequently worked under the guidance of prof. N. K. Goryaev, V. I. Katerov consistently passed all stages of clinical training, occupying in 1932 an associate professor in the department of hospital therapy, and in 1934 - the department of hospital therapy No. 2.