Vol 60, No 6 (1979)
Theoretical and clinical medicine
Contemporary aspects of childhood obesity
Abstract
More modern views on epidemiology, pathogenesis, genetics, obesity clinics in children are presented; the classification of obesity in children, the evolutionary scheme and characteristics of the "adiposus-genotype" were developed, the principles of predicting the risk of morbidity from constitutional-exogenous obesity were determined, the features of the symptoms of the disease and dynamics depending on the inherited morphotype, new approaches to therapy and prevention of this form of obesity were described.
Early rehabilitation of premature babies born to mothers with severe late toxicosis
Abstract
In 312 premature infants born to mothers with severe late toxicosis, in order to reduce perinatal morbidity and mortality, a differentiated (taking into account the degree of maturity and malnutrition) stage-by-stage therapy was carried out in accordance with the process of restoration of adaptive mechanisms. Indicators of clinical and physiological development of children and data from functional biochemical studies indicate the effectiveness of the developed therapy. A 2-fold decrease in perinatal morbidity and mortality in children has been achieved, and long-term results have also become better.
Viral-bacterial pneumonia in children and their emergency treatment
Abstract
The study included 100 children with acute respiratory viral infections: 30 with adenovirus infection, 26 with influenza, 112 with respiratory syncytial infection, 9 with parainfluenza and 123 with mixed viral infections. In all children, the disease was complicated by pneumonia, predominantly staphylococcal in nature. Viral-staphylococcal pneumonia was more often recorded in children under the age of 1 year; their course was especially severe, toxic forms with neurotoxicosis, encephalitic reaction, cardiac and severe respiratory failure with obstructive syndrome prevailed. Due to the timely use of syndromic, complex antibacterial and stimulating therapy, 96 children experienced a complete clinical recovery.
Rationale for intrapulmonary antibiotic administration
Abstract
In the experiment and in the clinic, a study of the distribution of a water-soluble contrast agent in a mixture with an antibiotic with intrapulmonary administration was carried out. It was found that a high concentration of antibiotics in the injection zone is maintained by its slow resorption from the focus of inflammatory infiltration. Of 84 children who were treated with intrapulmonary injections of antibiotics, 82 were discharged with recovery. The mortality rate was 2.4%.
Respiratory rehabilitation of newborns with continuous positive airway pressure
Abstract
A review of the principles and methods of dealing with the syndrome of respiratory disorders in newborns described in the literature is presented, the author's method of creating a constant positive airway pressure in newborns born with this syndrome is presented. The positive and negative aspects of the method are noted.
Treatment of a mild form of dysentery Zonne in children
Abstract
The clinical effectiveness and economic feasibility of various methods of treatment - with and without antibiotics - for young children with mild Sonne dysentery were studied. It was found that the method of treatment does not significantly affect the time of normalization of their stools and the duration of their stay in the hospital. The combination of antibacterial agents (antibiotics + chemotherapy) has no advantages over monoantibacterial therapy for mild Zonne dysentery with pathological stools. On this basis, a recommendation was made to treat children with a mild form of dysentery Zonne with a mono-antibacterial agent (furazolidone).
Non-specific therapy for allergic dermatoses in children
Abstract
Complex treatment of 30 children suffering from skin allergies was carried out, united in a special group in the children's team. This included elimination of the antigen by formulating an elimination diet and nonspecific drug therapy. By the end of the follow-up, 22 children had a stable remission. In this group, in comparison with the control group, the overall morbidity decreased by 1.5-12 times. The data obtained make it possible to recommend the organization of specialized groups for patients with allergic dermatoses in children's centers.
Thrombocytokinetics in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura in children
Abstract
In 40 children with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purshura, thrombocytokinetics were studied taking into account humoral antiplatelet antibody production during treatment. It was stated that there was no statistically significant difference in thrombocytokinetics in positive and negative immunological tests, which confirms the immunological nature of the disease, regardless of the form of its manifestation. It has been established that steroid therapy “has a prolonging effect on the course of the disease.
Intestinal coli infection "Crimea" in children
Abstract
According to the data of clinical observations (377 patients), coli infection "Crimea" in most children is mild, has an acute or abortive course. Vomiting, lethargy, decreased appetite were noted in 1.8% of children, mainly of early age. 34% of children had loose or semi-liquid stools with mucus. There were no symptoms of hemocolitis. Treatment with neomycin antibiotics or nitrofuran drugs was equally effective.
Reasons for the incidence of measles in vaccinated children
Abstract
During the period of mass immunization, the incidence of measles decreased by 8.1 times, during the period of active routine vaccination - 1: 5 times compared with the pre-vaccination period. In recent years, measles has "matured": the incidence among children 10 years and older has increased. As a result of anti-measles immunization, the bulk of children (80.5%) develop immunity with a concentration of anti-measles antibodies in a dilution of 1: 40 - 1: 20. At the same time, factors associated with a violation of the immunization technique, the age of the vaccinated, affect the intensity of vaccine immunity. the period that has passed after vaccination, the quality of the biological product, the acute infectious viral and intestinal diseases suffered in the pre and post-vaccination period. The reason for the rise in the incidence of measles in 1974-4975. there was a low immune layer, a loss of post-vaccination measles immunity within 1-6 years after vaccination.
The effectiveness of donor anti-influenza gamma globulin and leukocyte interferon for the prevention of acute respiratory viral infections
Abstract
Study of the epidemiological effectiveness of intramuscular administration of anti-influenza donor gamma globulin to children for the purpose of prophylaxis during the seasonal rise in the incidence of influenza and ARVI in January-February 1976 and 1977. in preschool groups in Togliatti showed that the coefficient of epidemiological protection reaches 1.67-2.47. Intranasal use of interferon in the context of mass prophylaxis for children 3-7 years old in the dose recommended by the instruction, as well as in double the concentration of the effect did not give
Frankovskaya system of corrected orthogonal ECG leads in the examination of children with active rheumatic process
Abstract
In 59 children with rheumatism in the active phase without valvular defects, ECGs were studied, recorded in corrected Frank orthogonal leads and in 12 conventional leads. Comparative analysis showed high sensitivity of the Frankish system of corrected orthogonal leads in detecting changes in the myocardium in children with rheumatism.
Dynamics of ecg in corrected orthogonal leads after mitral commissurotomy
Abstract
An ECG examination was performed in 62 patients before and 1 year after mitral commissurotomy. It was shown that 3 leads of the Frankovsk system have the same sensitivity in detecting the reverse development of hypertrophy of the left atrium and main ventricle, as 12 conventional leads. Symptoms of left ventricular hypertrophy appeared in 25 patients (40.3%) in orthogonal and conventional leads
Electric charge and erythrocyte lipids in patients with atherosclerosis
Abstract
The study of the electric charge and the content of lipids, erythrocytes in 78 patients with atherosclerosis of stages I and III was carried out. A decrease in the electrophoretic mobility of erythrocytes and a change in the ratio of the main lipid components in the membrane, which naturally increase with the progression of the atherosclerotic process, have been stated.
Adult thymus
Abstract
Studied using morphohistochemical and morphometric methods with statistical processing of material 161 thymus gland, including 15 removed during operations for multiple sclerosis. It was shown that the weight of the organ in those who died from cancer, non-neoplastic diseases and violent causes (control group) is practically the same. Cancer is characterized by small Gassal bodies, proliferation of blast and PAS-positive cells. The thymus mass increases with lymphogenous metastasis and metastases to the adrenal glands. In autoimmune diseases, especially in multiple sclerosis, there is lymphofollicular hyperplasia of the thymus and a sharp increase in the cystic forms of Gassal's bodies. The functional activity of the thymic epithelium is morphologically traced to deep; old age. The phenomena characteristic of accidental involution at a young age are not observed in the thymus of adults.
Clinical experiences
The condition of the marginal periodontium in preschool children
Abstract
Due to insufficient study of the issue of susceptibility of preschool children to periodontal disease and other periodontal diseases, we examined the condition of teeth, periodontal disease and occlusion in 275 children aged 3 to 6 years in two kindergartens
Clinical polymorphism of mycoses of the feet in children
Abstract
The clinical manifestations of mycoses of feet and hands were studied in 267 children and adolescents (in 146 girls and 121 boys aged: 7 - up to 3 years, 19 - from 3 to 6 years, 59 - from 7 to 10 years, 111 - from 1.1 up to 14 years old and 71 - from 15 to 47 years old).
Assistance to the practicing physician
Malignant tumors of the nasopharynx
Abstract
The results of treatment of 45 patients with malignant tumors of the nasopharynx are presented. Radiation therapy was carried out in 32 of them, a combination of distance and application gamma therapy - 4, radiation therapy in combination with chemotherapy - 7, 1 patient underwent Kreil surgery and external carotid artery ligation - also 1. The survival rate within 5 years was 33.3%.
Social hygiene and healthcare management
Experience in organizing the fight against child mortality
Abstract
The prospects and reserves of reducing child mortality are considered on the basis of its analysis based on the materials of the Aznakaevskaya Central Regional Hospital. A set of organizational measures aimed at further strengthening the health of the child population in the region is presented.
Epidemiology
Etiological structure of purulent-septic diseases
Abstract
A comprehensive examination of 924 patients with various forms of purulent-septic diseases was carried out. Multivariate analysis using bacteriological, immunological and epidemiological research methods showed that in most cases, the causative agent of the disease is staphylococcus aureus. There has been an increase in recent years in the proportion of gram-negative microorganisms (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, Proteus, Klebsiella) in the etiology of purulent-septic infections.
Hygiene
Hygienic efficiency of water purification from n-nitroso compound
Abstract
The influence of some methods of improving the quality of water (clarification, chlorination, ozonation) on its purification from N-nitrosamines (HA) and the degree of stability of the latter in water of reservoirs has been studied. The high efficiency of using carbon filters and ozonation as methods for neutralizing water contaminated with HA is shown. The HA ozonation products did not have the ability to induce tumors in animals, in contrast to the original HA.