Vol 22, No 3 (1926)

When studying the collateral circulation of the portal system in pathological cases (thrombosis, compression, cirrhosis of the liver, etc.), it is possible to find various kinds of collaterals, which, when the portal vein or its branches are turned off, deliver blood to the right heart in a roundabout way, which leads to the preservation vascular balance for a more or less long time. In the article “On the anatomy of the portal vein and its collaterals,” we present a whole series (24) of such roundabout pathways of the portal circulation.

Recently, in our laboratory, work has been carried out to study the endocrine glands in an isolated form. At the same time, attention was also paid to the vascular reaction of these organs. The thyroid gland and testicles were investigated in this direction.

Organic valvular defects of the right heart are rare: simultaneous bicuspid and tricuspid defect is already a rare combination; even more rare, apparently, combined defects of the bicuspid, tricuspid and aortic valves. In most well-known manuals on pathological anatomy, such complex combinations are most often silent, in the rest of the literature, such cases are either not mentioned at all, or only a few words are reported. for example, Mac Callum (Journ. of Am. Med. Ass., t. 84, no. 21, 1925) says: “At a recent autopsy I found a greatly enlarged heart, tricuspid, bicuspid and aortic stenosis and insufficiency, scarring in myocardium and only old remnants of a specific rheumatic lesion. "

Obtained for the first time back in 1895 by Marchoux and Sclavo and then experimentally tested by Sclavo and Jobernheim in a large number of very convincing experiments, the anthrax serum was used with great success in veterinary practice, both in prophylactic (together with the vaccine) and in medicinal purposes.

By physical culture in the broad sense of the word, we must understand the improvement of human nature.

The periodicity of the menstrual function, scientifically substantiated in its details only in recent years, gave the fact of menstrual blood loss in women, in the minds of ancient peoples, a special mystical, mysterious meaning.

Pertussis is known to mainly affect children, and most often between the ages of 2 and 5 years. Adults also suffer from whooping cough, but much less often than children, and this disease is incomparably easier for them.

All the above facts and reasoning give us the right to assert that a normal organism, not infected with tbc, as a rule, and in the usual setting of the experiment, is insensitive or insensitive to tuberculin. Depending on the type of animal, its condition, and other conditions of a nonspecific nature, this insensitivity can fluctuate only within insignificant limits, without obeying a certain pattern and constancy.

Prof. VP Vorobyov (according to the report. In BP. Gaz., 1925, No. 23) demonstrated, in an emergency meeting of the Berlin Med. Society, the nerves of the heart on preparations prepared according to its methods of tissue clarification, elective staining of nerves and transillumination of macroscopic preparations.

Phases of hormone action. Proceeding from the provisions of the Kraus school, which established the value of electrolytes as a factor determining the course of life processes in the body, on the one hand, and on the basis of experimental data on the antagonism between insulin and adrenaline, on the other, V.M. Kogan, Kamenev and Mants (Pr. Doctor, 1925, No. 5) set up a series of experiments to study the effect of increments on the separation of the salivary glands in various combinations of insulin, adrenaline and electrolytes K and Ca.

Leven (Presse med., 1925, No. 100) indicates that recent studies on toxic, glandular, infectious, nervous, etc. obesity confirm his long-standing opinion about the complexity of the pathogenesis of obesity and the impossibility of reducing it solely to the question of calories.

SS Mindlin (Sov. Med. In the North Caucasus., 1925, No. 11-12) finds that this disease is not a separate etiological unit, because its causative agent can be not only streptococcus viridans, but also other types of streptococcus , as well as staphylococcus.

Elias (Klin. Woch., 1925, no. 50) describes the percussion patterns obtained by percussion of the aorta in its normal state and the expansion of its various departments.

In view of the absence of a clear symptomatology in the picture of chronic appendicitis, Ehrlich (Arch. F. Verdauungskr .. Bd 36. Hl / 2) proposes to inject patients with 0.6-0.7 novoprotin for diagnostic purposes in unclear cases.

Detailed studies of Kermorgant (Comp. Ren. Soc. De biol., 1925, No. 17), performed on monkeys, indicate that the etiological moment of the ear should be considered a special spirochete, which the author was able to detect in smears under a microscope, and also to obtain in a culture mixed with a bacterium more closely characterized by it.

Of the drugs proposed for local anesthesia, cocaine has ceased to be used due to its toxicity; eikaine, stovaine, alipine and novocaine proposed instead of it have much less analgesic power; All this forced the search for new local anesthetic drugs, among which tutocaine has recently become especially widespread.

In the combined essay “Pr. Physician ”(1925, No. 9) presents several new cases of the beneficial effect of intracardiac injections of adrenaline with syncope during chloroform anesthesia. Incidentally, in one case (Asteriades, in Thessaloniki), a patient who had syncope during hernia repair was saved by injection of 1/4 mg. adrenaline in the heart.

Morone (ref. Journ. De chir., 1925, no. 1) applied this operation in 66 cases of pulmonary diseases. In most cases, the case concerned pulmonary tbc with extensive pleuro-parietal adhesions that made artificial pneimothorax impossible or invalid; in other cases, bronchiectasis, lung abscesses, empyema, and serious mediastini deformities occurred.

The relationship between the position of the appendix and its incidence was traced, on 150 corpses and during 50 operations of appendectomy, by Gozovsky and Khnokh (Vesti. Khir. And Pogr. Obl., Book 14, 1925)

According to BI Piletskiy (Sov. Med. In Sev. Kavk., 1925, No. 11-12) with highly developed hemorrhoids, there are not only nodular veins, but also complex pathological changes in the entire venous system of the lower rectum, accompanied by changes in the surrounding submucosa and the mucous membrane itself.

Chronic traumatic tumor of the bone and foot, which seems extremely intractable in relation to modern methods of treating this suffering, is, according to Turner (Vesti. Khir. And Pogr. Obl., Book 14, 1925), nothing more than traumatic neuritis of the dorsal interosseous nerve (with damage to the bone) or deep peroneal nerve (with damage to the foot).

A new sign of early pregnancy. This sign, which Lönne (Zentr. F. Gyn., 1925, No. 43) draws attention to, is that if the uterus is bimanually palpated, the outer hand produces constant light pressure on the bottom and posterior wall of the organ, fixing the latter , and two fingers of the inner one feel the consistency of the uterine body from the side of the front wall of the sleeve, then in the place corresponding to the position of the egg, a clear fluctuation is felt.

For the differential diagnosis between the first two diseases, Heynemann (Zentr. F. Gyn., 1925, No. 41) advises to pay attention to the fact that with the "kidney of pregnant women" renal disorders appear for the first time in the last months of pregnancy, and eclampsia or The "kidney of pregnant women" in the past.

So, according to Teplits (West. Khir. And Pogr. Obl., Book 14, 1925) during the period from 1910 to 1924 in a female surgeon. The department of Obukhovskaya hospital in Leningrad performed 658 hernia repairs (of which 271 for inguinal hernias, 273 for femoral hernias and 114 for umbilical hernias).

According to the observations of Schiffmann'a (Zentr. F. Gyn., 1925, No. 40), ovarian cancer often gives uterine bleeding.

Prof. H. Markov (Gin. And Ak., 1925, No. 3) believes that the high mortality rate after this operation is partly due to the shortcomings of its technique. Among such disadvantages, he also includes the preliminary direct suturing of the separated ureters to the intestinal wall, which is recommended by Tikhov, and in which a narrowing of the lumen of the ureters can occur.

Chubarov (Sov. Med. In Sev. Kavk., 1925, No. 11-12), on the basis of one of his own observations and analysis of the relevant literature, finds that pneumococcal peritonitis should be distinguished into a separate nosological form.

Dr. I. Ya. Churaev (assistant General of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists at Kazan U. 21 / X 1925) investigated the spinal roots in 11 cases of brain tumors. It turned out that the changes were localized by hl. arr. in the area between the Redlich-Obersteiner’s zone and the intervertebral ganglion. Their degree varied widely.

In two cases of this disease, the etiology of which is still unknown, Krische (Deut. M. Woch., 1925, No. 36) received excellent results from parenteral administration of novoprotin. The author proposes to introduce this agent intramuscularly, at 1 time interval, every other day.

Prof. SM Kompaneets (Zhurn. Ushn., Nos. And Gorl. Bol., 1925, No. 9-10) subjected one worker to a thorough acoustic study, who had completely lost his auricle as a result of a burn.

According to VL Fridman (Zhurn. Ushn., Nos. And Gorl. B., 1925, No. 11-12), the air sinuses are a hydrostatic apparatus, like the swim bladder of fish and the pneumatic bones of birds, adapted for the purpose of flying. In addition to this main function, they play the role of voice resonators.

Numerous direct studies convinced A.M. Reynus (West. Rino-lyar. - dated., 1925, No. 1) that in persons with chronic inflammation of the tonsils, the level of catalase in the blood is relatively high, and galvanic caustics of the tonsils, in addition to the purely mechanical effect, has influence on the enzymatic equilibrium of the organism: after this operation, the content of catalase decreases, and sometimes this decrease remains further, sometimes the content of catalase then gradually returns to its original level.

Dr. A. N. Marzeev (Prof. M., 1925, No. 9-10) shares his impressions of the American school, which he received during a business trip in 1923, in U. S.

Dr. A. N. Marzeev (Prof. M., 1925, No. 9-10) shares his impressions of the American school, which he received during a business trip in 1923, in U. S.

Ts.K. Medsantrud under the general editorship of A.S. Aluf, 544 pages, Moscow. 1925. The editors of the calendar in its present edition in many ways accomplished the goals outlined by it in the preface.

Во время войны, когда голод в Германии все усиливался, и соответствующие органы правления всячески искали выхода из положения, было, между прочим, предложено отделываться от большого количества «ртов», умерщвляя незаметно для них и совершенно безболезненным образом, содержащихся в сумашедших домах, психиатрических клиниках и больницах идиотов и неизлечимых душевно-больных, для которых, «как известно», жизнь является тяжелым бременем. Так возникала проблема «укорачивания ненужной жизни» (Abkürzung «lebensunwerten» Lebens). Автор дает историю развития этой идеи, которая в древнее время (напр., у Греков) не противоречила элементарным понятиям морали. Чтобы решить вопрос «укора­чивания ненужной жизни», на который христианская религия не дает своей санкции, в условиях современной жизни, Melzer решил узнать, каков взгляд широ­ких слоев населения на эту проблему. Находясь во главе одного из многочисленных в Германии домов для умалишенных, он составил анкету и разослал ее родителям содержащихся в его учреждении больных. Анкета эта содержала следующие вопросы:

1. Согласились-бы Вы на безболезненное укорочение жизни Вашего ребен­ка после того, как соответствующими спецами определенно установлено, что он неизлечим от своего слабоумия?
2. Могли-бы Вы на это согласиться в случае невозможности для вас взять на себя заботу о своем ребенке, напр., в случае вашей смерти?
3. Могли-бы Вы дать свое согласие на сделанное здесь предложение лишь в том случае, что Ваше дитя страдает сильно физически и душевно?
4. Как относится Ваша жена к вопросам 1—3?

Примечание. Ваше дитя в настоящее время здорово и чувствует себя хорошо. Если у Вас по случаю вышепоставленных вопросов возникнут какие-либо опасения за жизнь Вашего ребенка, то я могу Вам сказать, к Вашему успокоению, что призреваемым здесь детям и впредь будет оказано тоже внимание, что и до сих пор, они будут пользоваться тем же уходом. Если даже в будущее время и будет утвержден закон, позволяющий укорачивать жизнь таких детей, то без разрешения родителей такое укорачивание жизни их детей производиться не будет.

Из двухсот анкет Mellzer’у были возвращены 162, причем, к большому удивлению автора анкеты, большинство ответов выпало положительно! 119 человек, т. е. 73%, дали положительный ответ и только 43, т. е. 29%, отрицательный. Не­смотря на это, Meltzer лично высказывается против медленного умерщвления идиотов, формулируя отрицательное свое отношение к данному вопросу следую­щим образом:

Предложение умерщвлять идиотов и душевно-больных, стоящих очень низко в умственном отношении, должно быть отвергнуто из юридических соображений и по этическим причинам. Устранение этих лиц из общества может принести лишь едва заметное материальное преимущество обществу, которое самое большее покрывало-бы только расходы по выполнению процедуры этого устранения. Учреждения для наблюдения таких больных и для ухода за ними должны были-бы все равно существовать. Следует еще в настоящее время сомневаться, найдутся-ли врачи или другие лица, готовые приводить в исполнение такого рода решение. В то же время непоправимый вред был-бы нанесен приведением этого решения в исполнение народной морали. Всякое хронически - больное лицо считалось-бы лишним в обществе и подлежащим устранению. То доверие, которое приобрели, благодаря развитию науки в последнее столетие, больницы, дома умалишенных, дома призрения и т. д., уступило-бы место очень опасному для народного здоровья недоверию.

General meetings, Surgical section, Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists at Kaz. University, Scientific meeting of Doctors of the Kazan State. Institute for the mustache. doctors named after Lenin in Kazan