Vol 64, No 4 (1983)

The actual problems of pharmacology are the search for biologically active substances and the study of the mechanism of their action. Kazan pharmacologists have been engaged in experimental research of new chemical compounds from various chemical classes for more than 25 years. These searches are conducted on the basis of scientific observation of the relationship between chemical structure and pharmacological activity and pursue the goal of practical use of the most biologically active substances as medicines.

A number of authors have shown that viral hepatitis suppresses cellular immunity, depending on the severity of the disease [1-4]. However, the influence of various factors on the immune response in viral hepatitis A (HCV) remains poorly understood.

The decisive importance in the pathogenesis of hemostasis disorders in viral hepatitis is mainly attributed to a decrease in the content of plasma coagulation factors. The development of an extensive cytolytic process in the liver explains the violation of the synthesis of prothrombin, proaccelerin, proconvertin, partially fibrinogen, a disorder of the regulation of fibrinolysis [1, 4]. Changes in the platelet link of hemostasis in viral hepatitis are completely insufficiently covered in the literature [5, 10]. At the same time, it is known that at the initial stages of hemostasis disorders, it is the platelet link that plays the leading role. This is due to angiotrophic (maintaining the normal state of microvascular walls), adhesive-aggregation (the property of forming a primary platelet plug), concentration-transport (adsorption of many coagulation factors) functions, the ability to maintain microvascular spasm and inhibitory effect on fibrinolysis [2].

Despite the large number of works devoted to the treatment of children with viral hepatitis (VH), this issue has not yet been fully resolved. A number of authors recommend the use of glucocorticosteroids along with basic therapy [1, 6, 7]. The basis for their appointment is their characteristic anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic effect, the ability to stabilize cell membranes and stimulate the protein-synthetic function of the liver [7], positively affect fat metabolism [9] and the state of the liver RES [8], normalize redox processes [3].

In some cases, the rheumatic process goes into the stage of autoaggression. At the same time, there is a lesion not only of the heart and visceral membranes, but also of the liver and other organs. In order to detect autoaggressive liver damage in rheumatism, we established a reaction of inhibition of leukocyte migration (RTML) using purified liver tissue antigens [1]. The dilution of the antigen with a protein content of 10 micrograms in 1 ml was used.

The relevance of the diagnosis and differentiation of acute liver and biliary tract diseases with other diseases accompanied by jaundice is beyond doubt. This problem is of particular importance in the practice of emergency abdominal surgery when patients with jaundice are admitted to a hospital providing urgent care. The difficulty of establishing the type of jaundice and their prognosis is well known. It is due to both the severity of the patients' condition and the presence of contraindications to complex diagnostic studies.

Intestinal infections caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (ESCH) have long been considered primarily a childhood infection. However, in recent years, cases of escherichiosis among adults have become more frequent.

It has been established that pathological tension of the lumbosacral muscle constantly accompanies violations of the function of the thoracic spine due to organic diseases of the internal organs with lumbalgia, coccalgia and coccygodynia [3], as well as in connection with orthostatic ilio-lumbar spasm [2]. However, the clinical features and pathogenesis of this syndrome remain insufficiently studied. The iliopsoas muscle is formed from the junction of the large lumbar (ch. psoas major) and iliac (m. iliacus) muscles. The large lumbar muscle is located on the posterior abdominal wall on the sides of the spine. It originates from the transverse processes of all lumbar vertebrae, from the lateral surface of the bodies of the last thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae and from the lateral surface of the intervertebral discs of the corresponding vertebrae. To understand the function of the muscle, it is important to take into account that in its upper parts it begins from the posterior surfaces of the vertebral bodies, with the reduction of these parts of it, lumbar lordosis increases. The reduction of the bulk of the bundles attached to the anterior and lateral surfaces of the vertebral bodies provides kyphosis [1].

It is generally recognized that one of the adequate methods for assessing the state of cerebral hemodynamics is rheoencephalography, which has found wide application in general neurology. In relation to children, the rheoencephalographic assessment of cerebral blood flow has been studied completely insufficiently, and even with severe cerebral vascular disorders, according to REG data, it is difficult to draw serious conclusions, since there are no unified ideas about normal rheoencephalographic parameters in childhood. Isolated publications on this topic contain contradictory information [1, 4, 5].

We found a relationship between natal damage to the cervical spine, vertebral arteries and the development of myopia in children. In the process of rehabilitation treatment of patients with mild upper paraparesis and other manifestations of natal cervical inferiority, we were faced with the fact that in some of these children, who also had myopia, the severity of visual disturbances after neurological treatment became significantly weaker. This prompted us to conduct a special set of targeted studies and try to comprehend the findings.

We studied 418 remissions lasting 2-7 years in 110 men (average age — 45 years) with chronic alcoholism. 78 people were in remission for 2-5 years, the remaining 32 abstained from 5 to 7 years.

Recently, the attention of clinicians has been drawn to deciphering the role of gastrin in the pathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease. Literature data on the content of gastrin in the blood of patients with duodenal ulcer are very contradictory. In most studies, the level of gastrin was studied depending on the age of the patients, the location of the ulcer, and the phase of activity. Information about the dynamics of gastrin in blood serum after surgical treatment is presented in single publications [1, 2, 5].

According to domestic and foreign authors, the frequency of gallbladder diseases and surgical interventions for cholecystitis has increased markedly in recent years. Acute cholecystitis currently occupies the second place in urgent abdominal surgery after appendicitis, and in elderly and senile people it is more common. Despite the increase in the number of patients hospitalized as planned for surgical treatment from Therapeutic departments, the majority of patients continue to be admitted urgently with various diagnoses — with acute cholecystitis, exacerbation of chronic cholecystitis, acute hematocholecystitis, cholecystopancreatitis and others. Surgeons are faced with the task of understanding this variety of diagnoses, establishing the true cause of suffering and choosing the most rational treatment tactics. For many years, surgeons have adhered to conservative and wait-and-see tactics in acute cholecystitis. Attempts to activate surgical treatment of acute cholecystitis, equate it with tactics for acute appendicitis led to high postoperative mortality (10-20%) and unsatisfactory long-term results [1-3]. This forced most surgeons to refuse to perform operations at the height of an attack of acute cholecystitis, to consider only the picture of peritonitis as an indication for an emergency operation.

The study of cellular and humoral immunity in intestinal coliinfection in children of the first year of life, depending on the characteristics of the clinical course of the disease. For this purpose, the absolute content of T-, B-, D-lymphocytes and immunoglobulins G, M, and in the blood of 71 patients with intestinal coliinfection under the age of 1 year was determined, 55 of them had a moderate disease, 16 had a severe form, which was observed in children of the first six months.

From 1977 to 1980, 324 patients with food toxicoinfections were under our supervision, 148 of them had coprocultures of various groups of salmonella isolated. Food toxicoinfection of moderate severity was noted in 267 patients, severe — in 57.

From 1970 to 1980, 14,099 patients were admitted to the neurosurgery department of the 15th City Hospital in Kazan, of which 4,358 (30.9%) people were operated on for injuries. We conducted a survey of the victims in 1979. In total, 1,442 people with traumatic brain injury were hospitalized during the year, 748 of them (51.9%) with concussion,' 182 (12,6%)--- with a brain contusion, not complicated by intracranial hemorrhage. As can be seen, concussions and bruises of the brain prevail, amounting to 64.5%. Of the above-mentioned contingent of victims, only one patient died, who had a brain contusion (clinical diagnosis) on the background of a fracture of the cranial vault and the base of the brain at the autopsy.

Due to the increased frequency of pancreatic pseudocysts, it is of great practical importance to study the issues of diagnosis, choice of volume and method of surgical intervention in this pathology. Here is our observation.

In the present study, the effect of glycerin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) cryoprotectors on the thromboplastic activity of myelin and tissue thromboplastin manufactured by the Kaunas Enterprise of Human Brain Preparations was studied. The appearance of a tissue thromboplastin in the bloodstream causes thrombosis or thrombohemorrhagic syndrome, characteristic of a large number of surgical, obstetric, therapeutic, infectious and other diseases.^[1]

The causes of disorders of menstrual and reproductive functions of women are mainly disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary system, adrenal cortex, ovaries. With the central genesis of the disease, endocraniosis is often detected in various manifestations [2-4,86].

Statistical analysis of the annual dynamics of morbidity makes it possible to quantify three forms of manifestation of the epidemic process: 1) year-round morbidity; 2) seasonal, "premium", 3) outbreak morbidity [4]. The obtained results can be used for separate planning of anti-epidemic measures for the purpose of operational observation and short-term forecasting [1, 2a, b].