Vol 33, No 5 (1937)

Evaluation of the results obtained in the study of the effect of cerebrospinal fluid on various physiological systems is complicated by the fact that the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid depends to a large extent on the state of the blood-brain barrier, and thus reflects not only a certain physiological state of the central nervous system. There is no doubt that the metabolic products of the brain, secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid, exert their effect not only on the activity of various parts of the brain and on the coordination of their functions, but due to the rapid transition of these substances from the cerebrospinal fluid into the general circulation, they also affect as a humoral a factor on the function of other physiological systems, as it was revealed in a number of experiments carried out in recent years in our laboratories. For example, it turned out that under various influences (direct irritation of the central nervous system in experimental epilepsy, irritation of the sensory nerves associated with severe pain, traumatic shock, toxemic or chemical shock, as well as starvation, prolonged insomnia, etc.) - substances appear in the cerebrospinal fluid that affect the state and activity of the cardiovascular system, the tone of smooth muscles, the excitability of the central nervous system, etc. These are the results of the work of our employees: Zeitlin, Weiss, Harles, Voskresensky, Gromakovskaya , Bazarova, Gotsman, Komarova and others. Work in this direction continues at the present time.

The study of changes in the blood, as the internal environment of the body, is an extremely important chapter in the pathogenesis of any pathological process. Blood is a liquid tissue, extremely dynamic in its composition and at the same time stable in the sense of stubborn preservation of its constants, despite constant exchange with the external environment and tissues.

Ressle's experimental work on the study of inflammatory processes in allergies and the connection of morphological changes with the phenomena of immunity gave him the opportunity to come to an important conclusion that "morphological processes in the foci of inflammation are one of the most subtle indicators of the onset of allergies, even the mildest degrees of it."

Among the most common chronic infectious diseases, malaria with its various manifestations is indisputably one of the first places. In everyday practice, at every step we have to meet with one or another form of malaria, and we are so used to it that sometimes we notice only cases with a more definite clinical picture and often look through less clear, latent forms of malaria, suggesting a different etiology here. This situation is mainly due to the extremely large variety of malaria diseases, often occurring under the guise of other diseases. It is pertinent to recall the words of Dr. Bogoraz about some of the manifestations of malarial infection, which resembled surgical diseases: "Of the diseases known to science, only syphilis and tubercles can compete with swamp diseases in a variety and variety of manifestations."

Among the many different causes of epilepsy, trauma to the skull figures prominently. According to Biro, reported at the London International Congress in 1935, traumatic cranial injuries are complicated by epileptic seizures of either genoin or Jacksonian character in 16%, and seizures appear in months and years, and even later after the trauma. Not only severe injuries with a violation of the integrity of the bones of the skull with extensive open damage to the membranes and brain matter are complicated by the appearance of epileptic seizures, but also weaker bruises and contusions of the skull without damage to the bones and with little expressed initial clinical signs of concussion in the future can give severe epileptic seizures.

In the literature available to us, we could find only one work (Prof. MO Friedland "Questions of Tuberculosis", 1932), devoted to the issue of the spread of osteoarticular (c.-c. TBK) and glandular tuberculosis in the Tatar Republic. In this work, prof. Friedland gives comparative statistics on the number of cases of K.-s. TBK based on the materials of the Ukrainian tube. Institute with the data obtained by him as a result of the survey of the Menzelinsky region of the TASSR.

If the question of the importance and expediency of pain-relieving childbirth measures, in principle, can be considered finally resolved for the Soviet obstetrician, then individual, albeit very significant, details of childbirth pain relief, sometimes of cardinal importance for increasing the effectiveness of this immensely grown branch of Soviet obstetrics, still remain poorly developed. , and therefore not entirely clear. These questions undoubtedly include the determination of the time from which the use of painkillers during childbirth is permissible.

Thermocouples are widely used in physiology and medicine: various types of these thermocouples are described, both in terms of their design and the metals used. Their sensitivity fluctuates within wide limits, and this determines the difference in the data obtained during the research. When I made thermocouples from iron and constantan, I set myself the goal of achieving good sensitivity of these thermo-compounds when measuring the temperature of the skin, with a simple and cheap type of electrodes.

No matter how simple, at first glance, the old method of determining the position of the fetal head in the pelvic cavity along the sagittal suture and fontanelles, it still sometimes leads to unpleasant mistakes not only for inexperienced, novice doctors, but sometimes for doctors with quite a long local experience, and even , albeit more rarely, specialist doctors. Difficulties in such a determination of the position of the head in the pelvis arise especially when this accuracy is especially needed, that is, during obstetric operations (the imposition of forceps, perforator, cranioclast, etc.). In these cases, either due to the long standing of the head, or due to its inconsistency with the mother's pelvis, both the sagittal suture and the fontanelles are very strongly masked by the head tumor and the configuration of the head. Even a very experienced obstetrician-gynecologist can hardly understand the resulting picture of the relationship between sutures and fontanelles.

Volga region conference of rhino-laryngo-otiatrists, organized at the initiative of the late prof. MF Tsitovich, took place on December 28-31, 1936 in the city of Saratov.

In the previous post aa. showed that with tuberculosis, the tissues of humans and animals are characterized by serological specificity; immune serum obtained by the introduction of aqueous suspensions of curdled decay reacts with the corresponding extracts and does not react with extracts from the tissues of normal organs.

The author found among 8 rabbits and studied in detail the causative agent of rabbit trypanosomyiasis - T.r. nabiasi. Morphologically Tr nabiasi is indistinguishable from Tr. lewisii. In culture on NNN blood agar, it is easily cultivated at room temperature, multiplying in condensation water and on the surface of the agar.

Thyrotoxicosis can cause the appearance of symmetrical eczema. The author gives a case of eczema located in both armpits and not responding to any therapeutic treatment. 15 days after using the drug from the pancreas, there was an improvement, which ended in complete recovery after 4 weeks. The interruption in treatment gave rise to a relapse of the disease, which disappeared again when the treatment was resumed.

A. used folliculin in 12 cases of essential hypertension (8 women and 4 men), in which, apart from the injection of this hormone, no other drug treatment was prescribed.

The author measured the skin temperature in patients with goiter and in patients with thyrotoxicosis.

For many years, the clinic of prof. Humbert in Berlin is trying to work out a classification of endocrine forms of obesity in accordance with the regional distribution of fat (regional Humbert lipophilia). Excessive fat deposition in women in the trochanter area refers to hypofunction of the gonads. Fat, evenly distributed over the trunk and limbs, with a particularly strong thickening in the area of ​​the wrist and ankle joints, is an expression of decreased thyroid function. Pituitary obesity in adolescents, first described by Fröhlich, is expressed in the fact that boys lack pronounced masculinity, the distribution of fat occurs according to the female type, and the genitals are underdeveloped. In girls, fat is located especially on the extensor surfaces of the thighs, on the pubis and in the lower abdomen, somewhat reminiscent of menopausal obesity. Both boys and girls have poorly developed genitals and little outlined secondary sexual characteristics, the capillary blood supply to the skin is impaired, as a result of which it has a marble appearance. With adrenal insufficiency, there is also obesity and underdevelopment of the genitals. But not only endocrine hypofunction, but also excessively increased endocrine activity can lead to obesity. This is how, for example, excess insulin production works. Experiments on animals have shown that long-term administration of gonadotropic hormones leads to obesity and stunted growth. The study of the basal metabolic rate in endocrine obesity showed that in most cases it remains within the normal range, and sometimes it is even slightly higher than it.

To study the effect of inflammatory skin changes on the adrenal glands, the author caused experimental dermatitis. on the back of rabbits, by smearing the skin with croton oil.

Borderline rays Bucca are used to treat dermatoses in a number of countries.

Ascaris of pigs and humans were washed, dried in a thermostat and destroyed, diluted with 1/2% phenol solution in a ratio of 1: 5, placed in a thermostat for four days; during this period, the solution was shaken in a shuttle apparatus, then the solution was centrifuged and passed through a candle.

A 26-year-old woman was admitted to the Salpetriere clinic in December 1935. Two years before admission, she began to complain of a severe, intermittent headache, especially in the frontal region, increasing when the head was tilted anteriorly, posteriorly and when walking.

The author notes that the course of gas phlegmon depends on external and internal factors External factors: season, weather, the nature of the soil, clothing, skin and transport.

The author cites a case where a 47-year-old man cut his throat with a razor to commit suicide, and both sternocleidomastoid muscles, trachea and esophagus were cut. The neurovascular bundles were not affected.

For the treatment of chronic tuberculous fistulas and fistulas due to chronic osteomyelitis a. recommends washing them with a 2-5-10% solution of copper sulfate.

The fact that during intestinal obstruction toxic substances develop in the blocked intestine has long been generally recognized.

The author describes the case history of one patient who suffered severe hand burns after a bottle of phosphorus dissolved in carbon sulfide was broken in his hands.

A. reports on a new method of palpation determination of the delay of the remnants of the placenta, based on the detection of local relaxation of the uterine wall, since the remnant of the placenta in connection with it prevents the contraction of the adjacent parts of the myometrium.

To resolve the issue of the origin of the so-called hormone of the anterior pituitary gland, excreted in the urine during pregnancy and causing a positive reaction to the latter, aa. examined the decidua placenta and urine during abortion, intrauterine and tubal pregnancy.

The author believes that endogenous factors play a greater role in leukorrhea than exogenous ones (bacterial invasion, trauma).

The first operation, performed at the end of the third week of the disease, did not give any special findings or effect, and only a second operation two weeks later opened the abscess. The path of penetration is between the bony part of the Eustachian tube and the canal of the carotid internal artery.

Shares experience in the treatment of acute purulent inflammation of the middle ear by washing with a 33% alcohol solution; pre-paracentesis is performed, and then, after 24 hours, using a syringe, 10–20–30 cm3 of alcohol is injected under uniform pressure from 3–4 to 6 times daily.

Describes a clinical case of acute mucous otitis media, complicated at the 4th week of the disease by the phenomena of labyrinthitis and beginning intracranial complications.

1. Dr. Popova (demonstration) “A case of early gastric tuberculosis”.

February 1 p. died the largest occupational pathologist in the USSR, a clinician and public health physician prof. I.G. Gelman. From the very first years of his medical career, he became an active public physician. However, only after the October Revolution did I. G. find ample opportunities for expanding his work in the field of preventive medicine (housing and sanitary affairs, etc.). Since the establishment of the Institute. Obukh, one of the organizers of which was I.G., he devotes himself to scientific work in the field of occupational pathology. He owes the honor of creating this discipline in our USSR. The clinic of occupational diseases created by him, which he permanently headed, deservedly enjoys great prestige not only in the USSR, but also in Europe. IG Gelman is the author of over 70 publications. The best known is his "Guide to Occupational Diseases" and a number of works on the clinic of lead, mercury poisoning, and foundry fever. Of the works on general issues of the clinic, a monographic study on hypertension, as well as a number of major works on rheumatism, should be noted.