Vol 45, No 5 (1964)

By the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR in connection with the 150th anniversary of the Kazan Medical Institute for many years of fruitful scientific, pedagogical and medical activity, they were awarded the Certificate of Honor of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR: Associate Professor Vyaselev Rustem Allamovich, Head of the Department of Hospital Surgery No. 1; prof. Zabusov Georgy Ippolitovich, Head of the Department of Histology; prof. Shubin Vladimir Nikolaevich, Head of the Department of General Surgery; Associate Professor Zhdanov Shagimardan Khasanovich, Head of the Department of Hygiene; Associate Professor Faizullin Salikh Girfanovich, Department of Biology.

The most striking achievements of modern therapy are associated with the use of antibiotics and hormones - ACTH and glucocorticoids (cortisone, hydrocortisone, prednisone, triamsinolone, dexamethasone).

We live and work in historical times, illuminated by the light of the ideas of the 22nd Congress of the CPSU, the majestic Program of building communism in the USSR.

The course of myocardial infarction in elderly people is insufficiently covered in the literature, and the available reports are contradictory. KF Vlasov and VA Zateishchikov, Kiss and Slapak point to the peculiarities of the course of myocardial infarction at this age, R. O. Kushkiy and N.I. Markova do not note any special differences. The disagreement in the views of the authors can be explained by a different contingent of patients (for example, the work of R.O. Kushkiy and N.I. Markova comes from the Institute of Emergency Medicine, where the most severe and acute cases are delivered).

Vitamin B15 (pangamic acid) by chemical structure is an ester compound of gluconic acid with methylated glucin - dimethylglucin. Pangamic acid contains several methyl groups that are labile. According to Tsamp (1958), it is mainly methyl groups that determine the biological activity of vitamin Bis. He believes that the more methyl groups it contains, the higher the activity of the drug. Pangamic acid, due to the lability of its methyl groups, is a good donor of these groups (Beard and Wofford, 1956, Maniantini, 1959) Labile methyl groups are easily precipitated, and remethylation serves to activate oxidative processes and cellular respiration.

According to the most common opinion, the cause of the development of cardiac asthma is acute weakness of the left ventricle. ND Strazhesko (1925) wrote that in cardiac asthma, congestion in the lungs occurs due to the refusal of the left ventricle to respond by increasing the volume of its contractions against the background of the continuing satisfactory function of the right ventricle. However, this position is contradicted by some, including clinical, data. So, for example, the question arises: why do patients with cardiac asthma develop attacks not during physical activity, when the left ventricle performs increased work, but more often at rest? During asthma attacks against the background of increased heart rate in most patients, blood pressure does not fall, but increases, which indicates the ability of the left ventricle to eject blood in conditions of increased resistance, etc.

It is known that the nature of the ECG T wave is one of the most important indicators of the functional state of the myocardium. The majority of domestic authors (M. Ya. Ariev - 1938, L.M. Rakhlin - 1947, T.B. Kiseleva - 1947, M.G. Udelnov and A.P. Popova - 1953, E.A. Kyandzhuntseva and M. G. Udelnov - 1955) adhere to the view of A.F. Samoilov, who was the first to point out that the T wave reflects mainly the state of metabolic processes in the heart muscle.

During surgical intervention on the heart, a number of pathophysiological changes occur in the patient's body, which are the result of open pneumothorax, manipulations on the heart, surgical trauma and the effects of anesthetics. These pathophysiological changes have a very significant effect on the course of the operation and are often the cause of the development of severe complications.

"Internal factors" in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis are attracting more and more attention at the present time. Extensive epidemiological studies that have revealed a variety of causes and conditions that contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, however, have shown that the nature of this suffering cannot be reduced only to the nature of nutrition. Experiments with the creation of a model of atherosclerosis in animals and the study of atherosclerosis in humans have cast doubts on the classical theory of the pathogenesis of this disease and required its correction and reevaluation. It turned out that in order to obtain atherosclerosis in a number of laboratory animals, in addition to oral administration of cholesterol, a number of additional conditions are required. In dogs, suppression of thyroid function is necessary (Sfeiner - 1949). In rats, atherosclerosis can be obtained if a decrease in thyroid function is combined with alimentary cholesterolemia and vitamin deficiency (Wilgrow - 1955). Thus, to obtain atherosclerosis in the experiment, it is not enough just an excess of cholesterol. We do not touch here on the question of under what conditions it is possible to compare experimental atherosclerosis and atherosclerosis in humans, we consider it necessary only to emphasize that in the development of atherosclerosis in humans, in addition to external "epidemiological" causes, "internal" characteristics of the organism play a large role (H. N. Anichkov, A. L. Myasnikov and others). LM Rakhlin also believes that "in the broad sense of this word, internal factors can be taken as the level of homeostatic function, the ability to maintain the constancy of the organism's environment in the conditions of its existence." From these positions in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, much attention is paid to the role of the nervous and endocrine systems. BS Maksudov, repeating classical experiments with "cholesterol" atherosclerosis in a rabbit, discovered a gradual increase in the thyroid stimulating hormone of the pituitary gland in the blood. LA Lushnikova, examining thyrotropin in the blood of patients with coronary atherosclerosis, noted its increase in a number of patients. Interestingly, this increase in thyrotropin secretion by the anterior pituitary gland cannot be associated with a change in thyroid function. This peculiar reaction of the adenohypophysis is regarded (LM Rakhlin and others) as regulatory, indicating the participation of the hypothalamic-pituitary system. This system, as a specific cerebral link, is a stage in the unification of neuro-humoral regulation. Therefore, the neuro-humoral changes discovered in the clinic, as well as in animals with experimental atherosclerosis, were, as it were, an illustration of the importance of disorders in the hypothalamic region in a complex chain of pathogenetic factors in this pathology. However, we did not find in the literature attempts to study the functional state of the hypothalamic region and the overall characteristics of this important part of the brain in atherosclerosis. It is quite natural that with the help of those research methods that are proposed for the functional characteristics of the hypothalamic region, with atherosclerosis, one does not have to wait for deviations similar to those described in the clinic of diencephalitis and diencephaloses. We believe, however, that even small deviations, the so-called "normal limits", can be very indicative of those changes in the function of the interstitial pituitary system, which occur in atherosclerosis.

Treatment of obliterating vascular diseases of the extremities refers to the complex and not yet fully resolved problems of surgery. This is evidenced by the many methods of conservative and surgical treatment and, in some cases, their failure. N.E. Lebedev (1960) had to resort to limb amputations in 21.7% of cases, A.A. Begelman (1960) in 7%, and the latter explains the low percentage of amputations by the medical examination of patients carried out by him. The need to create dispensary points for patients with obliterating endarteritis was pointed out by AT Lidskiy in 1951; the importance of organizing prevention and dispensary treatment was emphasized in 1953 by V. N. Shubin; the effectiveness of clinical examination in the treatment of early forms of obliterating endarteritis was proved in 1958 by VA Saburova; MV Prokopishin in 1962 reported on the work of a specialized dispensary point.

For a long time already, the idea of ​​creating anesthesia only at the site of surgery ruled the minds of surgeons. In the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries, for this purpose, a tourniquet was applied to the limb and the application of cold by covering the place of operation with ice or snow. In the 70s of the last century, instead of ice, to lower the temperature of limited areas of the body, spraying of ether, bromoethyl and chloroethyl began to be used. In 1896, I. Efremovsky defended his doctoral dissertation on this topic. Based on the analysis of 1000 cases of cold anesthesia, the author comes to the conclusion that this anesthesia may be sufficient only for operations on the skin and mucous membranes.

We have investigated the distribution of intrahepatic bile ducts on 200 corrosive liver preparations.

Intra-articular injuries of the knee joint are quite common. The relevance of the study of such injuries is associated primarily with the following three points: 1) a wide range of doctors, including surgeons, are still little familiar with the diagnosis and principles of treatment; 2) it is often very difficult to differentiate certain types of injuries, primarily a rupture of the internal meniscus, from Hoff's disease; 3) there is no unified view in the choice of the method of treatment.

A number of clinical studies are devoted to the use of self-hardening plastics based on acrylates (AST-2, AST-2a, AKR-7, etc.) for filling teeth (I.A.Begelman - 1959, N.F.Danilevsky, N.A. Kodola , A. I. Marchenko - 1956, V. I. Mitin - 1959, Langeland and Norway - 1959, K. Kerestesi - 1959, etc.). These works are devoted to the laboratory study of the physical and chemical properties of various brands of plastics and their clinical testing.

The third stage of labor is always accompanied by blood loss to one degree or another. This blood loss in some cases can be physiological (up to 300 ml), in others - pathological (401 and higher), or on the border of normal and pathology (301-400 ml). Pathological blood loss can lead not only to a deterioration in the course of the postpartum period, but also to a significant deterioration in the health of the postpartum woman and even to her death. So, for example, according to prof. AA Terekhova, among women who died of blood loss during childbirth, 20% had blood loss in the range from 500 to 1000 ml and in 80% - from 1100 to 2000 ml and more.

This article concerns only those painful forms in which the loss of a man's ability to fertilize a woman occurs as a result of oligozoospermia, as well as when it is combined with astheno- and teratospermia.

The question of indications for surgical intervention in the presence of metal bodies in the heart muscle is not well covered in the literature.

Patients with edema of various etiologies are common, and not all of them manage to eliminate them with well-known diuretics. Therefore, the search for more advanced drugs that would give a good therapeutic effect without exerting a harmful effect on the patient's body does not stop.

From the literature, it is known the use of bee venom in folk medicine for the treatment of various diseases since ancient times.

The methods of artificial induction of labor known so far are either ineffective or unsafe, and the need for artificial childbirth often arises, therefore the relevance of searching and testing new methods is obvious.

In a short time, the movement for communist labor has become a great economic and moral force, it has become a powerful means of forming a new person.

As you know, the most effective way of early diagnosis of tuberculosis is mass fluorography.

After the victory of the Great October Socialist Revolution in 1917, the working class and the Communist Party, which came to power, were faced with the task of organizing Soviet health authorities, among many tasks to create a new social system and government. The solution of this problem was complicated in b. Kazan province, such moments as the multinational composition of the population and related everyday features, the low cultural level of the vast majority of the population, dilapidated sanitary and medical institutions, the spread of infectious diseases - smallpox, cholera, parasitic typhus, etc.

May 1964 marked the 150th anniversary of the Faculty of Medicine of Kazan University, but psychiatry as an independent discipline began to be taught much later. Recently (1962) the 70th anniversary of the Kazan Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists, organized by V.M.Bekhterev, was celebrated. Soon one hundred years of existence of the Department of Psychiatry and 50 years since the founding of the psychiatric hospital, built on the initiative of Academician V.M.Bekhterev, the hospital that now bears his name, will be celebrated.

Professor of Kazan University A.F. Samoilov is one of the outstanding students of I.M.Sechenov and I.P. Pavlova, who devoted his life to the experimental development and further development of the main ideas of his teachers. AF Samoilov's deep scientific research was also closely related to the theoretical problems put forward and developed by H. Ye. Vvedensky. He invariably pursued and developed in his scientific work the advanced materialistic traditions of Russian science.

Edited by S. Werner (abridged translation from English), Medgiz, Leningrad, 1963. 42 pp., Price 2 rubles. 29 kopecks

(22-25.1V 1964, Warnemünd)