Vol 77, No 3 (1996)

It is shown that preoperative selection of patients, intraoperative cholangiography and immediate laparotomy, when the occasion requires, allow to decrease the frequency of iatrogenic injuries of extrahepatic biliary ducts. However, there is nothing to replace careful and exact preparation of tissue from Gartman’s pocket and to the zone of gall bladder neck.

The possibilities of roentgen computer tomography in the diagnosis of infiltrative carcinoma of the stomach, especially in the determination of stomach wall enlargement, process occurrence, are estimated positively using the investigations of 45 patients with endophytic carcinoma of the stomach. It should be used after usual roentgen and endoscopic methods.

As many as 74 patients of fertile age are examined by sonocontrast hysterosalpingoscopy (56- as to sterility, 18- with uterus pathology). The comparative estimation of radiopaque hysterosalpingography, sonohysterosalpingohydrotubation, laparoscopic chromotubation and MR-tomography is performed. Echovist-200 — the preparation of the firm “Shering” (Germany) is used for contrast intensification. Ultrasonic examination and control are performed the convection vaginal transducer (6,5 MHz) on 4 ultrasonic scaner P700 of the firm “Philips”. The results obtained show the advantages and great possibilities of the method in the diagnosis of the uterus pathology and estimation of the uterine tubes state.

The results of the use of 5% xymedone ointment on the basis of the treatment and cosmetic drug “Myustela” for the prevention of skin acute radiation reactions in distance γ-therapy of malignant tumors of the head and neck are shown. The necessity of postradiation rehabilitation measures disappears in the presence of the drug in all the patients.

It is shown that magnetoresonance tomography gives significant diagnostic data of the state of disk structures and circumflex anatomic formations. The patients to be operated are bound to be examined using standard diagnostic algorithm.

The results of the analysis of novocainic vagosympathetic and modified trigeminosympathetic blocks action are presented. The method of trigeminosympathetic block performance and the results of treatment of 37 patients with maxillofacial region trauma and its use are described. The action of novocainic block is realized by microcirculation normalization providing reparative and proliferative processes, maxillofacial region and central nervous system trauma.

The investigation of the metabolic activity of leukocytes and the effect of bioregulation peptide of the prostate — prostatilen on it is performed. It is found that suppression of oxygendependent microbicide systems of phagocytes, more pronounced in the initial form of the disease, occurs in patients with chronic pyelonephritis. The differences in the activity of oxygenindependent systems of phagocytes in patients with chronic pyelonephritis and healthy persons are not revealed. The increase of NST-test values after the use of prostatilen is noted.

The roentgen method is more often used for radiation diagnosis of birth injuries including the cervical region of the vertebral column in spite of various current methods of radiation diagnosis. The use of electroroentgenography, ultrasonic examination allows to reveal changes in osteal, discoligamentous and soft parts structures in injuries of the cervical region of the vertebral column.

For many years and to this day, the main drugs used to regulate inflammation are steroidal and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Glucocorticosteroids (GCS) are characterized by a powerful anti-inflammatory effect, which, however, is accompanied by a variety of side effects with systemic action, which limits their wide use. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, non-steroidal antiphlogistics) belong to one of the most frequently prescribed medications in world medical practice. Studies by Vein [66], which showed that the mechanism of action of acetylsalicylic acid and other NSAIDs is based on the inhibition of prostaglandin biosynthesis - local modulators of inflammation, were the beginning of modern inflammation pharmacology.

We examined 72 patients with complaints of pain in various parts of the spine with irradiation into the extremities, weakness and paresthesias of the back muscles in the area of innervation of nerve roots. Clinical findings: loss of sensitivity, weakness of dorsiflexion in joints, asymmetric tendon reflexes.

Indications for gastric ultrasound are peptic ulcer and duodenal ulcer, benign and malignant neoplasms of the stomach, gastrointestinal dyskinesia, gastritis, monitoring the effectiveness of the ongoing therapy and clarification of the diagnosis in various diseases of the stomach and duodenum, refusal of the patient fibrogastroscopy.

Human civilization is entering a new, largely critical period, characterized by the aggravation of global problems of our time: environmental, demographic, economic and others. The issues of restoration and preservation of the environment and public health are of key importance. Environmental disasters, the growth of cancer, hereditary pathology, immunosuppression, deterioration of the demographic situation and the gene pool of the population are of particular concern on a global and national scale.

In the Republic of Tatarstan, the population increased annually, except for two periods: from 1920 to 1926 and from 1939 to 1959, due to unfavorable conditions after the crop failure and famine in 1921 and the aftermath of the Great Patriotic War. The growth of population in the Republic after 1970 is in no small part due to the construction of a number of large hydro and thermal power, petrochemical, and automotive facilities in Zainsk, Nizhnekamsk, and Shorey Chelny and the attraction of labor from many other regions. This indicator is also influenced in recent years by migration of population.

Before the introduction of planned vaccination against diphtheria in Tatarstan, the number of diphtheria cases per 100 thousand people was 25.3 in 1920-1929 - 25.3, 1930-1939 - 66.5, 1940-1949 - 75.4, 1950-1959 - 67,2. Planned vaccination, which began in 1955-1956, contributed to a decrease in the number of cases. Over the following decades, the average incidence rate per 100,000 population steadily decreased and was in 1960-1969 - 5.2, 1970-1979 - 0,07. However, in 1982-1985 there was a slight increase in the number of diphtheria cases, so the average morbidity rate for 1980-1989 slightly increased (0.09 per 100 thousand population).

The combined investigation of hereditary and congenital diseases of the brain using magnetoresonance tomography is performed. The hereditary and congenital diseases of the brain accompanied by disorders of liquoroconductive tracts with medullary substance lesion are revealed. The investigation results provide timely development of the treatment tactics and rehabilitation of sick children.

Recently, the number of surgical interventions using medical instruments and implants (bones, teeth, joints) has increased significantly. Most implants are made of metals due to their high mechanical strength properties. However, metal implants and instruments have a number of disadvantages: low resistance to corrosion, including biocorrosion, incompatibility with living body tissues, causing complications, resorption, metallosis, rejection. When using plastics and plastics filled with antibiotics, as well as carbon plastics, it is necessary to solve particular problems, such as improving the penetration of living tissue into the implant or eliminating foci of suppuration contrary to the main requirement - to preserve high mechanical strength and durability of the implant or instrument.