Vol 41, No 3 (1960)

June 1960 marks the 40th anniversary of the formation of the Tatar Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. The working people of the republic are celebrating the anniversary with new achievements in the development of the economy and culture. The pride of the republic is its oil industry, which is developing at an unprecedented speed. Nowadays, in terms of production and proven oil reserves, Tataria ranks first among the country's oil-producing regions. Compared to 1957, oil production increased by one and a half times and gas production by 2.2 times. Over the past two years, 12 new oil fields have been discovered, and five areas of the unique Romashkinskoye field have been put into development.

Functional diagnostics of the lungs is usually based on the state of correlation of gas exchange in the alveolar-capillary system of the lungs. It is known that respiration is one of the powerful factors involved in maintaining a certain acid-base balance. In humans, with normal lung and cardiovascular function, blood pH is 7.35-7.45, arterial oxygen saturation is 96-98%, oxygen capacity is 18-24 vol.%, Plasma carbon dioxide voltage is pCO2 35 -45 mm Hg. Art., CO2 content - 45-50 vol.%; hematocrit - 40-54% (Zunderman and Berner).

Chloroma, or, according to the modern classification, chlorleukemia, belongs to the group of acute leukemias - sarcoleukemias. The disease is characterized by the development of local tumor-like growths of a greenish color, emanating most often from the periosteum and having aggressive growth. Unlike malignant neoplasms, chloroma does not metastasize, but differs in its tendency to generalization, which is expressed in the occurrence of heterotropic foci of hematopoiesis in many organs. With infiltrating growth, chloroma grows into surrounding tissues and puts pressure on neighboring organs. The preferred localization of chloroma is the bones of the skull, especially the orbital area, as well as the lymph nodes. However, chloromatous growths, diffuse or nodular, can affect all other organs.

For a long time, there was an opinion that infection with echinococcus occurs only through the digestive tract. Clinical observations have led to the conclusion that all cases of multiple lesions by echinococcus cannot be explained only by exogenous invasion. It has been proven that the echinococcal cyst can multiply without changing the owner from the embryonic membrane of the maternal cyst by implanting daughter bubbles and scolexes on the serous membranes of the cavities.

Examining carp fish caught in the areas of Laishev on the Kama and Kamsky Ustye on the Volga, we found its high infestation with opisthorchis metacercariae. Thus, 96 out of 112 ides were affected (85.7%), out of 52 bream - 38, out of 13 asps - 4. The pathogenicity of metacercariae was proved by feeding dogs with this fish. All 16 dogs that received raw fish (ide, bream, asp) fell ill with opisthorchiasis with the appearance of opisthorchis eggs in their feces and detection of helminths upon opening in the bile ducts of the liver, gall bladder, pancreatic duct.

In this work, we set ourselves the task of studying the immediate and long-term results after caesarean section for the mother and the newborn. We have developed material on two clinical bases in Orenburg for 5 years (1950-1954). There were 18845 deliveries in total, 190 (1.01%) had cesarean sections, of which 81 were classical and 109 were in the lower segment.

The purulent process in the tubes and ovaries is limited by the formation of dense capsules from their walls and extensive adhesions with the walls of the pelvis and neighboring organs (uterus, intestines, omentum). The formation of capsules impermeable to microbes and extensive adhesions in the acute stage plays a protective role, preventing the spread of infection. This is the manifestation of the barrier function of the connective tissue. Later, after the death of the causative agents of the inflammatory process in the appendages, these impermeable capsules delay the resorption of the accumulated serous or purulent exudate.

Pyloric stenosis and pylorospasm in young children are very dangerous diseases for their lives. Late diagnosis can lead to a sharp depletion of the child, the addition of other diseases, sometimes fatal. Opinions about the etiology of these two diseases are still contradictory. Many attribute pyloric stenosis to congenital malformations. This view is adhered to by T. P. Krasnobaev, N. I. Langovoy, S. I. Fedynsky, M. A. Skvortsov, S. D. Ternovsky, who believe that congenital hypertrophy of the muscular layer of the pylorus is a condition for the development of pyloric stenosis and pylorospasm.

In our country, in comparison with the countries of Europe, North America and other countries, until recently, poliomyelitis was found only in the form of sporadic cases or small focal outbreaks. In the post-war period, the incidence of poliomyelitis increased both abroad and in the USSR. In 1955-56. the first epidemic outbreaks of this infection were noted in most regions of our country, including the Volga region.

Numerous works of Russian physiologists (K.M.Bykov, 1947; K.M.Bykov and V.N. Chernigovsky, 1947; and others) provide objective evidence in favor of the existence of specialized nerve endings in the stomach (chemo-, mechano-, termo-, osmo-, baroreceptors), the function of which under pathological conditions changes sharply, as a result of which interoceptive influences from the stomach on the activity of various organs and systems are disrupted. The issue of the afferent innervation of the human stomach has been little studied. The interest of the morphological study of the afferent innervation of the stomach is associated, first of all, with the question of the functional significance of the detected sensory nerve endings and with the changes that they undergo during pathological processes.

Currently, the great importance of anticoagulants in the treatment of thrombosis and embolism has been established. We consider it necessary to report on the case of successful treatment of axillary embolism with pelentan. B-naya P., 71 years old, was admitted on 10/5/58 with complaints of aching pains in the left arm, aggravated by movement, a feeling of numbness in the fingers and a cold snap of the left hand, general weakness, noise in the head, periodic aching pains in the area heart and feeling of interruption, shortness of breath when walking.

In this post, we would like to share one of our observations. At three o'clock in the morning on 22 / VII-58, a carpenter A., ​​31 years old, picked up on the street, was delivered to the surgical department. He had 4 stab wounds, one of them located in the 5th intercostal space along the anterior axillary line. The wound is linear, 2 cm long, bleeds, penetrating. B-noy unconscious, pale face, rapid breathing, shallow, threadlike pulse, at times on the radial artery is not palpable, blood pressure is not determined. The patient was taken to the operating table with a diagnosis of heart injury. After a transfusion of 450 ml of blood, I regained consciousness, and my pulse could be felt better. The cervical vago-sympathetic blockade on the left was performed. Introduced 20 ml of 0.25% solution of novocaine in 5-6 intercostal spaces on the left of the spine.

Among the extensive group of closed injuries of the abdominal organs, ruptures of the duodenum are quite rare. According to I. A. Krivorotov, this group of patients is 1% among those who have undergone closed injuries of the abdominal organs, since closed injuries of the duodenum are often combined with trauma to other abdominal organs. So, N. P. Alekseeva reports on a case of simultaneous rupture of the stomach, duodenum and pancreas. Most authors point to a high postoperative mortality rate in case of damage to the organs of the gastrointestinal tract (47%, according to B. A. Dmitriev). According to Kenu's combined statistics, out of 138 patients with subcutaneous ruptures of the duodenum, only 9 recovered. At the same time, surgery for a rupture of the retroperitoneal duodenum is associated with certain difficulties and differs in some peculiarities.

In the available literature, we managed to find a description of 307 observations of peripheral neurinomas. Here is the case history of the patient we observed. Patient S., 57 years old, was admitted on 25 / XI-58 for a tumor in the left subclavian and axillary regions, which appeared 5 years ago, which was slowly increasing; the first 4 years did not bother at all.

We are not aware of the literature on the hygienic assessment of working conditions in "dark workshops", on the morbidity of workers, as well as on the earliest changes that occur in the eye during chronic intoxication with methyl alcohol. The main hazards of the workshop are: 1) the effect of mainly methyl alcohol vapors, as well as phenol, silver nitrate, urea, ammonium chloride, chlorides, iodides and other chemicals; 2) the action of darkness, in which all production processes are carried out. The state of the air environment was studied in dynamics, depending on the technological process, as well as during the working hours of the shifts.

Physiological diet in the treatment of patients with diabetes mellitus, developed and clinically tested by prof. Genes and Reznitskaya, has long won universal recognition. In 1948, the service of patients with diabetes mellitus in Saratov was concentrated in the diabetic center. At the first stages of its activity, this point, due to the limited staff, could not deal with dispensary work and only carried out registration of patients with diabetes mellitus entering under supervision.

In recent years, practitioners of various specialties abroad have shown increasing interest in royal jelly, a product fed by worker bees to the larvae of the queen bee of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). The amazing biological properties of royal jelly are well known: being on this food turns the larva of an ordinary working bee into a queen bee, which is much larger than working bees in size, life expectancy, enormous power of the reproduction apparatus, etc.

On the instructions of the USSR Ministry of Health, the Kazan Design Bureau team designed and tested a new desktop portable device for continuous determination and registration of the CO₂ percentage in exhaled air at the Institute of Surgery of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. Photoelectric carbon dioxide gas analyzer - GUF-1 (Fig. 1) allows you to continuously determine the percentage of carbon dioxide in the exhaled air of a person, both during natural and artificial respiration at the time of the patient's operation.

The congress was timed to coincide with the 100th anniversary of the birth of prof. A. A. Kisel, whose report was devoted to the creative activity of N. P. Savvatimskaya. Speakers at the congress, Minister of Health of the Federation N. A. Vinogradov and Deputy Minister. I. I. Grigorieva, noting the achievements in the medical care of children, outlined a number of tasks that should be performed in the near future (further reduction in infant mortality, elimination of diphtheria, whooping cough, typhoid fever, poliomyelitis, a sharp decrease in the incidence of tuberculosis, rheumatism, pneumonia, gastrointestinal -intestinal diseases).

On May 5, 1960, the Republican Sanitary and Epidemiological Station of the Ministry of Health of the Tatar ASSR, together with the societies of hygienists and sanitary doctors, epidemiologists, microbiologists and infectious disease specialists, held a scientific and practical conference in Kazan dedicated to the 40th anniversary of the Tatar ASSR. The conference was attended by 140 practitioners, as well as scientists from Kazan institutes. The conference was opened by the Minister of Health of the TASSR R. Yu. Yarmukhametova. 12 reports were heard and discussed.