Vol 42, No 4 (1961)
To the 60th anniversary of the "Kazan medical journal" (1901 - 1961)
Abstract
The foundation of the "Kazan Medical Journal" in 1901 was preceded by the long-term active activity of the Society of Doctors of the Mountains. Kazan, organized at the Kazan University and published since 1872 the "Diary of the Society". It came out once every 2 weeks. Its pages contained original articles on theoretical, clinical, preventive and social medicine, reviews of morbidity and mortality of the population, a chronicle of the activities of the Society of Physicians, abstracts, reviews, reports on congresses. Over the years, the framework of the "Diary" turned out to be cramped, since it could not contain all the scientific production of the Society. Life itself strongly raised the issue of publishing a journal.
For further reduction and elimination of infectious diseases
Abstract
In our country, all the necessary conditions have been created to reduce, and in the future, to completely eliminate infectious diseases. The Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, in a resolution "On measures to further improve medical care for the population", set the task to develop, taking into account local conditions and implement measures to eliminate diphtheria, tularemia, poliomyelitis and a number of diseases that are locally spread (malaria, ankylostomyasis, trachoma, etc. .), and to achieve a sharp decrease in the incidence of typhoid fever, whooping cough, ascariasis, acute intestinal infections and brucellosis.
The role of anamnesis in the recognition and treatment of tonsillitis
Abstract
Although the great importance of anamnesis in the recognition and treatment of sore throats and their complications is well known, however, the features of anamnestic data in various forms of these diseases and the possibility of practical use of these features to clarify certain aspects of pathogenesis, body reactivity and individualization of the prescribed treatment have so far been little studied.
To the question of the origin and treatment of chronic pneumonia
Abstract
The problem of chronic pneumonia is very complex and unresolved. Only recently have there been attempts to give a clinical characterization of this disease. IV Davydovsky defines chronic pneumonia as a collective concept, which "includes all chronic nonspecific pulmonary processes, accompanied by relapses of inflammation of the lung tissue and bronchi."
Electrophoretic study of protein and lipid fractions of blood serum in chronic nonspecific pneumonia
Levomycetin in the treatment of protracted pneumonia
Abstract
The modern clinic has a large number of powerful antibacterial drugs (antibiotics, sulfonamides), and the positive side of their action is beyond doubt. At the same time, clinical observations, especially in recent years, convince that the treatment of pneumonia with antibacterial drugs is far from always successful.
Abdominal symptom complex in pleuro-pulmonary diseases
Abstract
Diagnosis of pleuro-pulmonary diseases (pleurisy, pleuropneumonia, diaphragmitis) occurring with the abdominal symptomcomplex presents significant difficulties in practical work, being often a source of diagnostic errors. The abdominal syndrome of pleuro-pulmonary diseases is explained by the predominance in the clinical picture of such important symptoms as abdominal pain, tension of the abdominal muscles, pain on palpation, irritation of the peritoneum, and vomiting. All these symptoms are known to be characteristic of acute surgical abdominal pathology. Their occurrence in pleuro-pulmonary diseases is due to the innervation relationships between the organs of the chest and abdominal cavities.
The use of mespenal and metacin for peptic ulcer and bronchial asthma
Abstract
Metacin - iodomethylate of dimethyl-aminoethyl ether of benzyl acid - was synthesized at the All-Russian Research Institute of Chemical Physics and Engineering. White crystalline powder, melting point 192-195 °. It has anticholinergic activity, the nature of the action is close to atropine, however, it differs from atropine in its effect on various cholinergic systems.
Experience in the use of pentoxil in the complex treatment of peptic ulcer disease
Abstract
The study of regenerative processes and the nature of stimulation of the healing of wounds and chronic ulcers led to the establishment of the important role of nucleic acids and their cleavage products in the processes of growth and development and in the synthesis of proteins. At the same time, the definite significance of these substances in the effectiveness of stimulation of reparative processes has become clear. Based on this, we made an attempt to use pentoxide in the treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers.
To the exchange of thiamine in children suffering from rickets and dystrophy
Abstract
Treatment of children suffering from rickets and dystrophy with vitamin D alone does not give the desired effect. It is necessary to introduce other vitamins (E. M. Lepsky, I. V. Tsimbler, E. S. Birger, H. L. Emdina, K. A. Svyatkina). There are indications (IV Tsimbler, AM Petrunkina) that in the pathogenesis of dystrophy, combined with rickets, an important role is played by a violation of thiamine metabolism (endogenous hypovitaminosis).
Two cases of severe anaphylactic reaction for penicillin
Abstract
We had to observe two severe cases of anaphylactic reaction to penicillin when its particles penetrate through the respiratory tract. One of the cases was fatal. In another, as a result of long-term desensitizing therapy, it was possible to practically significantly weaken the body's sensitivity to this antibiotic.
Changes in the sensitivity of pyogenic staphylococci to certain antibiotics
Abstract
The problem of resistance of pathogenic microbes, including pyogenic staphylococci, to antibiotics is one of the most pressing problems of medicine. A large number of studies have been devoted to this issue in recent years (5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 22, 23), from which it is clearly seen that the wide and not always correct use of the indicated drugs in the treatment of patients led to the massive appearance of resistant forms of microbes and a decrease in the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. G. Ya. Kivman (10) in a review of foreign literature on this issue indicates that in the first years of the use of penicillin (1924-1944) mortality from staphylococcal septicemia decreased from 80 to 23%. Recently, it has again increased to 50, and according to Reiman's data, to 53%.
To the clinic of aplastic type anemia
Abstract
Aplastic anemia was first described by Ehrlich in 1888.
The main syndrome of aplastic anemia (myelophthisic anemia) is the depletion of all three bone marrow growths - granulocytic, platelet and erythroid. The myelogram in this disease is characterized by extreme poverty of uniform elements. Active bone marrow undergoes continuous fatty degeneration. In the peripheral blood, leukopenia, anemia, and thrombocytopenia (pancytopenia) develop.
Bone changes in chronic leukemia
Abstract
L. Krever and M. Copland (1935) with chronic lymphocytic leukemia in 7% of cases revealed X-ray changes in the bones and in one case out of 83 found bone lesions in myeloid leukemia. According to G. Jeff (1952), in adults with leukemia, changes are observed in 8-10% of cases, according to 3. Novikova (1953) - in 45.1% of cases.
Questions of X-ray examination technique for exudative pleurisy
Abstract
The problem of X-ray diagnostics of effusion pleurisy is, first of all, questions of the research methodology, which cannot be considered completely resolved. This is confirmed by by no means rare cases when, with a negative result of an X-ray examination, clinicians establish the presence of fluid and confirm this by a pleural puncture. Of course, this applies to small effusions, nevertheless reaching 300-400 ml (GR Rubinstein, AE Prozorov, Zuppinger, Hirsch, Vakhtler).
A case of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in the Tatar ASSR
Abstract
Hemorrhagic fever is an acute infectious disease with natural focus. It is found in the vast territory of the central and southern zone of the Soviet Union from Transcarpathia to the Far East and to the south - to the borders with Afghanistan.
Basillar impression case
Abstract
The attention of clinicians-neurologists is increasingly attracted by the cranio-cervical region, which was previously undeservedly "in the shadow of the saddle and pyramids." A careful X-ray examination, in comparison with clinical data, reveals characteristic changes that sometimes explain unclear cerebral and cerebellar syndromes, high spinal phenomena that simulate clinically multiple sclerosis, syringomyelia, etc.
Spontaneous labor with kyphosis
Abstract
Labor management for "humpbacked" women is of a kind of practical interest. These women often have a funnel-shaped (kyphotic) pelvis. However, even V.S.Gruzdev, and later G.G. Genter pointed out that not every kyphosis leads to architectural changes in the pelvis. Kyphosis in the cervical and thoracic spine does not affect the pelvis, since it is balanced by lumbar lordosis, and only lumbar kyphosis leads to a funnel-shaped pelvis. This circumstance should be taken into account by the obstetrician in his activity, since in the first case, independent childbirth is more often possible, and in the second, they often resort to surgical interventions.
Three cases of bilateral tubal pregnancy
Abstract
Pregnancy in both fallopian tubes simultaneously is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy. According to the materials of our Institute, for 10 years (1949-1958) for 1140 operations for ectopic pregnancy there were 3 cases of bilateral tubal pregnancy (0.38%).
On the casuistry of hydronephrosis, simulating the picture of "acute abdomen"
Abstract
Large hydronephrosis described in the literature can sometimes simulate a picture of an "acute abdomen". GI Lukashin (1937) gives two such observations. The correct diagnosis was made only during the operation. VS Gagarinov (1959) described a patient who underwent surgery three times. At the first operation for the alleged obstruction of the intestine, no pathological changes in the abdominal cavity were found. After 9 days, due to the deterioration of the patient's condition, the patient was re-operated with translumbal, a rupture of the hydronephrotic kidney was established. For the third time - 25 days after the second operation - nephrectomy was performed.
To the prevention of epidermophytosis in some enterprises of Kazan
Abstract
The proportion of patients with epidermophytosis among those suffering from various skin diseases, with temporary disability, is about 20 %. This does not take into account workers with persistent eczema and occupational dermatitis, in the development of which a pathogenetic role, possibly, belongs to epidermophytosis.
Work experience of the geriatric office of the polyclinic in Zelenodolsk for 1957-1960.
Abstract
The problem of longevity has been worrying the minds of scientists for centuries. Every year the number of centenarians becomes more and more, the number of elderly people is steadily increasing, especially in the Soviet Union. The unprecedented rise in the material well-being and cultural level of the people achieved during the years of Soviet power ensured an increase in the average life expectancy of a person by more than 2 times, compared with the pre-revolutionary period.
Issues of obstetrics and gynecology on the pages of the "Kazan Medical Journal" since its foundation
Abstract
Исполнилось 60 лет со дня выхода в свет первого номера «Казанского медицинского журнала». С 1901 по 1961 гг. в нем было опубликовано свыше 400 акушерско- гинекологических статей, присланных из различных местностей СССР. Авторами были как научные работники, так и практические врачи. Кроме исторической ценности, многие из этих статей не потеряли актуальности и в условиях современности, чем и оправдывается опубликование настоящего обзора в наши дни.
On the history of the hospital surgical clinic in Kazan in connection with the centenary of its foundation (1860-1960)
Abstract
The idea of opening hospital clinics, aimed at bringing teaching closer to hospital, that is, hospital conditions, belongs to N.I. Pirogov. He was the first to head the hospital surgical clinic and proved its vitality at the Medical-Surgical Academy in St. Petersburg. Then hospital surgical clinics were opened in Moscow and Dorpat. Since 1860, hospital clinics were opened in Kazan, organized on the basis of a hospital ordered by a public charity (hereinafter - the provincial zemstvo hospital).
Pulse Wave Velocity Meter
Abstract
As is known, the speed of propagation of the pulse wave is of great importance for the diagnosis of the elastic properties of arteries, especially in atherosclerosis. The speed of the pulse wave is determined by the time delay of the pulse in the distal part of the artery. This task can be solved by comparing sphygmograms or piezograms from two sections of the artery, simultaneously filmed or taken simultaneously with the ECG.
Nepreryvno deystvuyushchaya reshetka dlya rentgenografii
Abstract
Existing flat screening gratings are designed to screen out secondary radiation during X-ray examinations to obtain a clear and contrasting image of the objects being shot. The disadvantage of most of them is the dependence of the speed of the raster movement on temperature and cocking the raster for manual operation. We managed to design and manufacture a grating, which is set in motion without preliminary winding of the raster, for this purpose we used an electric motor. The latter sets in motion the entire movable mechanism of the lattice
Automatic syringe for local infiltration anesthesia
Abstract
The automatic syringe designed by us in 1952 for local infiltration anesthesia is very popular. It is used by most of the surgical, part of the obstetric and gynecological clinics in Kazan, as well as some city, rural district and local hospitals and other republics, territories and regions. There are positive reviews everywhere.
Fundamentals of electrocardiography.
Abstract
Among modern instrumental methods, electrocardiography is one of the oldest. Almost 60 years of its history illustrate the fruitfulness of the relationship between physiology and clinic in the use and study of the method of electrophysiological study of the heart. The simplicity and availability of modern equipment, together with the exceptional capabilities of the ECG to see intimate, in the words of A.F. Samoilov, processes in the myocardium made this research method necessary in the wide practice of a therapist, pediatrician, and infectious disease specialist. The desire of doctors to master electrocardiography and its further development in the service of the clinic is understandable. At the same time, a purely morphological analysis of the electrical curve of the heart often leads to erroneous interpretation of electrocardiographic abnormalities, both with overestimation and underestimation of their value in each individual case.
Anticoagulants
Abstract
The introduction of anticoagulants for the treatment of thrombosis and embolism has made it possible to carry out active therapy in these severe pathological conditions. Therefore, the interest of doctors in the 2nd edition of the monograph by prof. Eberhard Perlik "Anticoagulants", which both in the GDR and in the USSR sold out soon after its publication.
Conference on the diagnosis and treatment of precancerous diseases
Abstract
The conference, organized by the Kazan City Department of Health and the Scientific Society of Oncologists, was opened by the Minister of Health of the TASSR R. Yu. Yarmukhametova.
3. V. Golbert (Moscow) emphasized that the diagnosis of a precancerous condition should be made not only on the basis of morphological data, but with the obligatory consideration of the entire clinical picture.