Vol 30, No 2 (1934)

Scientifically based establishment of hygienically permissible concentrations of dust is possible only on the basis of comparison of air dustiness and health condition of the relevant group of workers. With the exception of a large work by Magrоverdate, based on extensive material, we know of almost no attempts to approach the question from such a point of view. It therefore seemed advisable to make observations on workers in certain occupations exposed to more or less constant concentrations of dust.

The main task of the general practitioner, especially in our era of building a new socialist society, is to recognize diseases of the internal organs as early as possible, when one can practically count on recovery and full restoration of a person's ability to work. If we exclude acute illnesses, the majority of patients with early forms of disease are those millions of workers who pass through outpatient clinics, polyclinics and dispensaries and who are relatively rarely admitted to hospitals not only for treatment but, most importantly, for the timely establishment of correct disease recognition.

In lysate therapy, one of the most underdeveloped issues is the question of which lysates act on a given disease. Usually in the practice of lysate therapy, it is assumed that lysates act on homologous organs, so we try to find out the affected organs and prescribe lysates accordingly.

Currently, the dominant surgical interventions for high-lying rectal neoplasms are intraperitoneal and sacral methods. The latter methods, which are well established, have a great statistical record both in our Union and among surgeons in the West and America. However, we cannot say that we are completely satisfied with these methods: peritoneal-sacral method has a high mortality rate (47%), sacral method has less mortality but is also not without shadows. In the following lines we intend to describe the method applied by us on May 5, 1933, in case of high colon cancer of the patient M. Shchetinina, 39 years old.

Removal of the anterior pituitary gland by extirpation, an operation considered impossible for a long time due to the special anatomical position of this gland, along with disturbed growth and metabolism, leads to a number of profound changes in the sexual apparatus: heat ceases, atrophy of the sexual apparatus takes place and, as a secondary phenomenon, the sexual instinct weakens. The opposite is observed when a small piece of the pituitary gland is transplanted. If the pituitary gland is transplanted to a non-mature animal, rapid puberty ensues, the ovaries enlarge, the follicles mature, which burst, giving rise to the formation of yellow bodies, with all the secondary phenomena in the sexual apparatus: uterine hypertrophy, the phenomenon of uterine heat from the vagina, etc.

The State Research Institute of Sanitation and Hygiene of Children and Adolescents (OZD and P) of the NKZ RSFSR published in 1933 a number of collections, which are all of great interest and testify to the vigorously developed and highly placed scientific work of the Institute.

Prof. Brüning briefly reviews the literature on the benefits of feeding an infant directly to the mother's breast over breastfeeding with expressed milk.

Blum distinguishes in opposition to hormones, which are in the body excitatory effective substances (Treibstoffe), catechins-Bremsstoffe-or "inhibitory substances" (from the Greek word-contain in known limits), whose role is to prevent the increased activity (Ueberwirkung) of hormones, or to soften and modify their action.

The author concludes that in mild forms of schizophrenia there are no strictly limited defective states, but only defect-symptoms along with process-symptoms.

Finkelstein cites two typical cases of schizophrenia, of which one is regarded as "developmental schizophrenia" and the other as procedural schizophrenia ("process-psychosis").

The author, based on various dislocations of the foot that passed through the Leningrad Trauma Institute, analyzes all types of these dislocations.

On the basis of 136 cases of fractures of the ankle bones which passed through the Leningrad Traumatology Institute, the authors analyze all types occurring in this joint (ankle fractures-71 cases; transkle fractures-16 cases; Dupuytren fractures-31 cases and Desto fractures-18 cases).

I. I. Rusetsky and N. I. Popov. Teaching about the role of the autonomic nervous system in sciatica. The following data were obtained in the study of 25 patients. At iliac sacral sciatica on the diseased leg, as the disease progresses, the skin t° changes from hypothermia to hyperthermia (in comparison with a healthy limb). Long-lasting hypothermia has been observed in cases of truncular sciatica.

Ass. G.M. Sharafutdinov and Dr. Firsova, "Clinical and experimental observations of gravidan".

Calmette was gone; the man whose name had been associated with the hopes of solving the tuberculosis problem for the past 10 years was gone - all of a sudden, all of a sudden. It was hard to imagine that a man who dared to engage the enemy, who on his shield counted more than a hundred million human lives and dozens of brave scientists among them, was already at an age when one is more willing to look back on the road traveled than on the remaining one.

In spite of the fact that exactly one hundred years have passed since Cruveilhier described with inimitable for those times clarity the clinical picture and anatomical substrate of peptic ulcer, the interest to this mysterious disease not only has not weakened, but has considerably revived in recent years. Therapists and surgeons, pathophysiologists and radiologists are equally interested in the problem of peptic ulcer and compete in solving two main, closely related problems - the question of pathogenesis and the question of rational treatment of peptic ulcers.

To put the question of gastric and duodenal ulcer from the surgical point of view means to decide more or less definitely whether a gastric and duodenal ulcer at the present stage of our knowledge of this painful form can be treated surgically and what are the indications for surgical treatment; it means to decide the choice of this or that method of surgical treatment of gastric and duodenal ulcers, proceeding in this question based on past experience covered by modern scientific data.

Perforative gastric ulcer, which used to be a relative rarity 15-20 years ago, nowadays becomes more and more frequent in surgeon's work. To confirm this it is enough to point out that the number of cases of perforated peptic ulcer published in the Russian literature alone exceeds well over 1000, and almost every day this figure is increasing.

Since the time of Voit, we know that for the balance of life, mineral salts, including table salt, are as necessary to the body as proteins, carbohydrates, fats and water. According to Magnus-Lev, the total amount of salt in an adult is 150.0 g., with a daily requirement of 6.0-8.0 g. The distribution of NaCl in various organs and tissues is uneven; most of it is contained in the blood and subcutaneous tissue. Salt fluctuations in organs and tissues normally occur within narrow limits.

In spite of the fact that already in 1913 the first quite successful attempts were made to treat gastric ulcers with X-rays (Kodo) and to influence the secretion and acidity of gastric juice with the help of illumination (Brügel, 1916), the clinic has not yet shown sufficient interest in the use of X-rays in the treatment of ulcers and their complications. Some clinicians still believe that only malignant neoplasms are treated with X-rays, and only those that are rejected by surgeons.

The complex problem of the operated stomach has recently attracted more and more attention of therapists, surgeons and radiologists. Systematic X-ray examination of the stomach, after surgery, gives us the opportunity to study its shape and function, allows us to judge the success of the operation, as well as to recognize timely postoperative complications and recurrence of diseases, requiring in some cases urgent secondary surgical intervention, and in other cases - prevention of unnecessary secondary surgery.

Berze concludes that the treatment of known cases of schizophrenia with insulin can be considered indicative. Berze finds the systematic treatment of schizophrenia by insulin shock suggested by Sackel, which consists in provoking by single large doses of insulin deep hypoglycemia, accompanied by very severe phenomena of shock, which are unsafe for the health of patients and, in the event, can lead to death, strictly contraindicated. 

The author proves, based on a number of facts from his personal experience of using the biogenetic method in his neuropathological and psychiatric works, that the biogenetic method is a very valuable research method in the spirit of Marxist-Leninist methodology, and therefore its use in the neuropsychological sciences should be considered fruitful and should be cultivated here and in the future.

The author gives a description of the course of the disease in two cases of frontal bone fracture with opening of the frontal sinus. In the first case, a subdural pneumocephalus developed immediately after injury, which resorbed within 17 days without intervention and gave no morbid phenomena. In the second case, it came to cortical pneumocephalus infection, which healed after surgical dissection and drainage.

The authors reviewed 170 cases of peritonitis serotherapy with a fatal outcome in 18 cases (10.5%). To use serotherapy successfully, polyvalent serum of Escherichia coli, enterococci, and streptococci most commonly encountered in peritonitis should be prepared.

The author suggests performing V-shaped pyloroplasty for pylorospasm in adults.

The author recommends intraperitoneal injection of polyvalent serum with simultaneous intravenous injection of grape sugar in purulent inflammation of the peritoneum, regardless of its cause.

The author understands the functional method of treating bone fractures as early as possible in general and individual movements of the limbs in order to return the original function of the limb as early as possible.

The author describes 2 cases of chronic fistulas of the parotid gland. In both cases the author observed the development of stones.

Cancer patients have lower blood pressure than healthy patients or those who have recovered. If therapy is successful, the blood pressure rises by an average of 15 mm Hg and remains elevated. If the process spreads further, the blood pressure remains low or still rises.

In all cases more or less protein was found, but always below 0.5%₀. The sediment in most cases was indistinguishable from the picture of acute nephritis.

In pernicious anemia, the average diameter of the red blood cells is much larger than normal. This increase goes in parallel with the disease, so that a decrease in diameter indicates an improvement in the disease.

Inulinase, the enzyme that breaks down inulin, is known to be absent in the gastrointestinal canal; however, according to the authors' studies, inulin is well assimilated. As a result of these experiments it was found that 0.2% solution of hydrochloric acid for 4 hours almost completely hydrolyzes inulin, converting it into fructose, while gastric juice - only to 15-20%, and do not split preudenal at all.

127 cases were treated with 322 radiotherapy sessions. Of these, 114 cases of cervical cancer and 13 cases of corpus uteri cancer.

Present: more than 200 doctors, professors and medical researchers.
Agenda:
1. Report on the work of the H. M. A. Board for 1933 and re-election of the Board.
2. Report of Prof. A.V. Vishnevsky "Novocain block of nervous system as a method of influence on trophic disorders of tissue".
3. Prof. G.M. Novikov and I.D. Domrachev "Treatment of chronic non-healing (trophic) ulcers of extremities".
Chairman Prof. Schwarz,
Secretary Dr. Laptev.

Eighteen members of the eye section and some attached physicians were present. Chairman: Prof. V.E. Adamyuk. Secretary: Dr. Bulgakova.

Prof. V.K. Trutnev presides. The secretary Dr. B.N. Sokolov. Sixteen people are present.

1. Prof. R.Y. Gasul. - Radiotherapy of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum.

2. Drs. E.M. Mogilevsky, V.L. Rapiovets, D.E. Potekhin and E. I. Medvedev. -Achloride diet as a method of treatment of hyperacidic gastritis and gastric ulcers.

3. Drs. E. M. Mogilevsky and S. I. Bitkova - Treatment of hyperacid gastritis and peptic ulcers by pumping gastric juice.

4. Dr. H.N. Kovyazin. - Therapeutic value of gastric juice drainage in peptic ulcers and acidic catarrhs.

The fight against cancer that has already appeared in the body should be aimed not only at destroying the tumor itself, but also at strengthening the protective reaction of the connective tissue.