Vol 45, No 1 (1964)
An exemplary health service to major chemistry
Abstract
All Soviet people followed the work of the December Plenum of the CPSU Central Committee with the deepest interest and welcomed with a feeling of great joy the Resolution on the report of N. S. Khrushchev. The resolution of the plenum states: "To approve the program of further development of the chemical industry for the coming seven years (1964-1970) presented in the report of Comrade H.S.Khrushchev; to consider the implementation of this programme to be the most important Party and state task, the implementation of which must be the focus of the Party and people's efforts in the coming period".
Bronchial asthma and its treatment
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is a classic allergic disease, in the clinical picture of which suffocation due to obstruction of the patency of the bronchi is central. Exposure to an allergen, which in the vast majority of cases is found in the environment, is necessary for an attack to occur. This is supported by the fact that cessation of contact with the allergen at the onset of the disease (e.g. transfer of a furrier in contact with ursol to another job, elimination of contact with putrid or other household allergens) leads to elimination of the attacks.
Continuous and prolonged corticosteroid therapy for severe bronchial asthma
Abstract
Glycocorticoid drugs occupy a special place among the remedies proposed for the treatment of patients with bronchial asthma. As factors of powerful physiological action, they often ensure complete remission in patients in whom other anti-asthmatic agents are ineffective.
On adrenal cortex function and serum potassium balance in bronchial asthma in children
Abstract
Bronchial asthma is one of the diseases in the pathogenesis of which a decrease in the functional activity of the adrenal cortex plays a role. The action of adrenal cortex hormones is multifaceted, in particular they are actively involved in the regulation of water and mineral metabolism. In this regard, the study of potassium exchange in bronchial asthma can serve as one of the indicators of the functional state of the adrenal cortex. In the present study, the determination of serum potassium content in bronchial asthma in children was combined with a simultaneous study of adrenal cortex function by other indices.
Electrocardiographic findings and abnormalities of respiratory function in chronic nonspecific lung disease
Abstract
The works of the last decade have reliably established that in pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary heart one of the main places belongs to decrease of pulmonary ventilation and subsequent hypertension of small circulatory system. It has also been established that the increased pressure in the pulmonary artery system is not only the result of pathological process in the pulmonary tissue, leading to its elasticity reduction, disturbance of strength and rupture of interalveolar septa, to connective tissue overgrowth and decreased capacity of the lung vascular channel, but also the result of reflex spasm of small circle vessels due to alveolar ventilation reduction and occurrence of hypoxemia.
Spirographic studies and assessment of respiratory function in lung cancer patients
Abstract
Surgery is still the mainstay of treatment for patients with lung cancer. In spite of the fact that leading clinics of our country and abroad have accumulated great experience in surgical treatment, postoperative mortality is still rather high. Many surgeons regard respiratory insufficiency as the main cause of early postoperative complications and mortality. It is known that mortality and respiratory distress after radical operations for lung cancer are much higher than after similar operations for chronic suppurative processes and pulmonary tuberculosis.
On lung hamartomas
Abstract
Gamartomas, tumour-like growths consisting of several tissue elements, can occur in various organs such as the lungs, liver, spleen, kidneys and heart. They cannot be classified as true tumours, as the tissue elements that make up the hamartoma are normally developed.
About bronchogenic cancer in lung tuberculosis
Abstract
Advances in the treatment of tuberculosis have significantly lengthened the life expectancy of patients with disseminated forms of the disease, while the number of people with cured, inactive tuberculosis has increased. On the other hand, a number of countries have seen an increase in the proportion of elderly and elderly patients in the total number of newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis cases. This has made it even more important to study the clinical and diagnostic issues of the coexisting course of tuberculosis and lung cancer.
On the clinical and radiological diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a cancerous tumour that develops from the epithelium covering the serous membranes of the thoracic and abdominal cavities. The number of published cases of patients with pleural carcinomas is less than 150. However, as recognition of this disease, even on pathological examination, is very difficult, there is reason to believe that pleural mesothelioma is in fact much more common than is commonly thought.
Long-term consequences of exudative pleurisy
Abstract
As tuberculosis may be the true cause of so-called "idiopathic pleurisy", the question of its long-term consequences is of great practical interest. According to M. I. Zakin (1953), an outbreak of tuberculosis process is found in 41.7% of previously suffered exudative pleurisy.
Significance of sialic acid levels for prescribing preventive therapy in primary tuberculosis infection in children
Abstract
In children with tuberculosis in the acute phase of the disease, as we have already reported, there is an increase in serum sialic acid levels. Similar data are given in the works of A. C. Anasashvili and Hess et al. Along with clinical and anatomical improvement and recovery of the patient, there is a gradual decrease and normalisation of sialic acid levels. On this basis, the determination of sialic acid levels can be used as an indicator of the activity of the tuberculosis process.
On the pathogenesis and prevention of secondary bleeding during extrapleural pneumolysis
Abstract
Despite the widespread use of lung resection surgery for tuberculosis, collapse therapy is by no means irrelevant, and hence its further improvement is of practical interest. One highly effective option for surgical collapse therapy is extrapleural pneumolysis followed by extrapleural pneumothorax (EPP). The great advantage of EPP is the reversibility of the intervention.
Our modification of the intranasal opening of the maxillary sinus
Abstract
When the maxillary sinus is opened intranasally, the created junction with the nasal cavity very often becomes overgrown, negating the effectiveness of the operation. We therefore set out to develop a technique for creating a permanent fistula.
On the diagnosis of foreign bodies in the pharynx
Abstract
According to J. A. Schwarzberg (1939), N. P. Akaeva (1953), Hager (1952) and others, of all foreign bodies in the esophagus 2.5 to 12% get stuck in the pharynx, and the remaining 88-97.5% get stuck in the esophagus. Although foreign bodies in the pharynx are more accessible to detection and removal than those in the oesophagus, they can also lead to severe and sometimes fatal complications.
Radical excision of laryngeal cancer and cervical metastases in "one block"
Abstract
To date, there is no consensus on the surgeon's tactics for treating patients with laryngeal cancer who have metastases in the regional lymph nodes in addition to the primary tumor. In 1960, at the extended plenum of the Board of the Ukrainian Society of Otolaryngologists, Prof. Kolomiychenko suggested that laryngeal extirpation and radical excision of metastases should be performed separately, with an interval between surgeries of several days. However, according to Ogur, Bello, Klerf, Jackson, and Norris, the number of recurrences increases if surgery is performed separately, and they believe that the primary tumour and metastases must be removed simultaneously. The same opinion is held by S. I. Mostovoy and M. I. Svetlakov. The mortality rate after such operations has been high for a long time, and only recently has it been reduced to a level not exceeding the mortality rate after laryngectomy (Ogura, Bello).
Tracheotomy as a treatment for respiratory failure in thoracic surgery
Abstract
Various types of respiratory failure are increasingly attracting the attention of surgeons. Interest in this problem has increased especially due to new anatomophysiological, experimental and clinical data. Of particular interest is the prevention and management of progressive respiratory failure in pneumonia, pulmonary edema, secretory-ventilatory obstruction and atelectasis in the postoperative course by timely tracheotomy.
Significance of tracheotomy among resuscitation measures after mechanical asphyxia
Abstract
In recent years, outstanding results have been achieved in resuscitation, that is, bringing back to life a person who is in a so-called terminal state or clinical death due to acute blood loss, all kinds of trauma, exposure to electricity, lack of oxygen and other causes. The resuscitation technique developed by V. A. Negovsky and his collaborators have gained wide recognition.
Tongue root cancer treatment
Abstract
In the past, the topographic relationships making it difficult to operate on the posterior regions and the root of the tongue gave surgeons reason to believe that cancer of this localization was inoperable. Long-term results of treatment of tongue root cancer with penetrating radiation (external irradiation, radiopuncture, their combination) even with additional electrocoagulation were also disappointing.
Experience of using foreign-group Rh-negative blood in combination with non-specific drugs in Rh-incompatible pregnancies
Abstract
Currently, among biological methods of desensitization in rhesus-conflict pregnancy the method of administration of foreign blood according to R. Polivanov and in various modifications (varying the amount of blood administered, the duration of intervals between injections and combination with other types of desensitization) continues to be used. Based on Wiener's idea of the unequal ability of different antigens to induce antibodies and the "competition" between these antigens, R. Polivanov proposed and was the first to use the "competing" effect of foreign-group blood.
Determination of labor date by vaginal smear cytology
Abstract
A new biological method for determining the due date of labor is gaining increasing attention - vaginal smear cytology. By studying vaginal smears in women from 2 weeks before labor until the beginning of labor, it is possible to determine the exact due date of labor.
Pregnancy and childbirth in young first-time mothers
Abstract
Very few studies, both in the USSR and abroad, have been devoted to the issues of pregnancy and childbirth in very young primiparous women and adolescents. Both Russian and foreign authors have included women of different ages (between 11 and 20 years of age) in the group of very young primiparous women. This makes it difficult to compare their findings.
Use of conduction anaesthesia in obstetrics and gynecology
Abstract
Of the methods of local anaesthesia in the Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinics of the First LMI, guided anaesthesia is used. This method, in contrast to infiltration anaesthesia, allows the surgeon to work within unchanged tissue. The main objective of this anaesthesia technique is to interrupt the conduction of sensory nerves along their length and thus eliminate pain sensitivity in the area of the operating field.
Residual blood nitrogen in the treatment of late toxicosis in pregnant women with magnesium sulphate aerosols
Abstract
Magnesia sulphate, administered in various concentrations intramuscularly, is widely accepted in the treatment of late toxicosis in pregnant women. The injections are painful, infiltrates and sometimes abscesses are formed. Considering these negative aspects, we, at the suggestion of Prof. G.K. Cherepakhin, started in 1956 the treatment of late toxicosis of pregnant women with magnesium sulphate aerosols.
Treatment of patients with bronchial asthma with arpenal
Abstract
Bronchospasm is known to play an important role in the pathogenesis of an asthmatic attack; therefore, pharmacologists and clinicians are keen to use cholinolytic drugs to treat asthma. The latter, by attenuating the flow of impulses along the vagus nerve, may help to stop attacks.
Bicillin-3 in the treatment of acute pneumonia
Abstract
To date, penicillin has been the main antibiotic for the treatment of acute microbial pneumonia. However, this requires fractional administration around the clock in order to build up a sufficient concentration in the blood. As this creates a number of inconveniences, studying the efficacy of durant penicillin preparations remains an urgent task.
Erythromycin in the treatment of pneumonia in young children
Abstract
In recent years there has been an increase in the proportion of staphylococcal infections, in particular staphylococcal pneumoniae in children. At the same time, studies of several authors show increasing resistance of pathogenic microflora to penicillin (Y. F. Dombrovskaya, M. S. Maslov, O. I. Bazan, M. N. Sinyushina, etc.). This determines the need for clinical evaluation of other antibiotics. Erythromycin is known to be effective against penicillin-resistant microorganisms.
Experience of using butadione for pulmonary tuberculosis
Abstract
In recent years, hormones (ACTH and adrenal cortex preparations) and butadion and other anti-inflammatory drugs have increasingly been used in the treatment of tuberculosis in combination with antibiotics. Pestel and Ravina have administered butadione to patients with tuberculosis, and most have reported improvement in their general condition, normalisation of temperature, and particularly rapid resolution of pleural effusions.
Serum glucoproteins in lung cancer
Abstract
The variety of forms of lung cancer and the complications of the course of the disease make it very difficult to make a diagnosis. This makes it necessary to look for new additional tests for a more accurate diagnosis of lung cancer. The aim of our research was to study the fractional distribution of serum glucoproteins and the significance of this test in the diagnosis of lung cancer.
Bronchial asthma in a patient with a thoracic aortic aneurysm
Abstract
N., 55 years old, was admitted to the hospital on 8/IX-62 with a pronounced attack of bronchial asthma, which resolved after injections of adrenaline, anti-asthmocrine, baths and hot foot baths. The choking attack occurred for the first time. The next two days after admission there were repeated severe episodes of choking, which were also managed with the above-mentioned drugs.
Experience of treating bronchial asthma with cortisone and hydrocortisone suspension aerosols
Abstract
The method of aerosolised corticosteroid therapy deserves much attention. The literature on the treatment of bronchial asthma with corticosteroid aerosols is inconsistent, which seems to be due to the use of different drugs (hydrocortisone, triamsinalone, etc.) and not in the same form (powder, suspension).
Peripleural novocaine blockade in combination with intratracheal antibiotics in the complex treatment of patients with destructive forms of pulmonary tuberculosis
Abstract
Since 1961, 39 men and 41 women have been treated. Most were between the ages of 17 and 45. In one third of the patients the duration of the disease was more than a year, and in the rest less than a year. In 56 patients BK was found in sputum. Decay in the lungs was detected in 58 patients. All patients had severe intoxication.
Primary pleural cancer in a young man
Abstract
K., 20 years old, was admitted on 21/IX-61 complaining of pain in the left side of the chest, abdomen, lower back, headache, shortness of breath, dry cough, general weakness, fever, sweating, lack of appetite, emaciation. He became ill at the end of July 1961.
The air environment and ways to improve it in the milling workshops of the Kazan felting mill
Abstract
In the felt shop of the shoe factory during winter time, the temperature at workplaces ranged from 20.2° to 31.1°, relative humidity - from 35.5 to 100%, the air mobility - from 0.06 to 1.0 m / sec. The lowest temperatures were found at the workplaces of the breakers (+20.2°), because cold (unheated) outside air at 3.4-3.9 m/s and 30-32% relative humidity was supplied to these places of constant operation through the air-breathing nozzles. The highest T° was observed at the dryers' workplaces, where they roll the trolleys out of the chambers, where the temperature reached 31-32° when the doors were closed. When looking at the air temperature of all workplaces, it increased towards the drying cells and decreased away from the drying cells. Moisture content in the air exceeding the permissible level of relative humidity according to sanitary standards (not more than 80% for wet shops) was recorded in many workplaces of hammer workers, steamers and shoe dyers.
The value of small-frame and large-frame fluorography in recognising pneumoconiosis
Abstract
In the shops of a felting mill in Kazan, a fine dust containing silicic acid has been detected, despite a large number of ventilation devices. This circumstance prompted us to study the health of the workers of this mill by clinical and radiological method.
Inflammatory diseases of the nasal appendages in workers in the felting industry according to large-frame fluorography
Abstract
The work of A. I. Bukhman, V. G. Ginzburg, I. G. Lagunova, Birzu and Radulescu showed that large-frame fluorography of nasal appendages is almost as good as conventional radiography in image quality, but creates great advantages facilitating the production of mass examinations.
Upper respiratory tract and lung diseases in monochloroacetic acid production
Abstract
Inflammatory focus in upper airways can cause segmental bronchitis, focal pneumonia and allergic pleurisy (I. D. Mishenin, 1962), chronic nonspecific pneumonia (I. L. Kruchinina, 1962). P.M. Obukhovsky (1946), D.E. Chernov (1952), A.A. Tarasov and M.G. Novikov (1961) etc. paid attention to interrelation between upper airways disease and pneumoconiosis in exposure to various dust hazards.
Survival of synthomycin-resistant dysentery bacteria in water
Abstract
An opinion that has been entrenched until recently about an insignificant role of water in the spread of bacterial dysentery can be explained both by difficulties in indication of the pathogen in water sources and by ideas about low viability of dysentery microbes in water (L. V. Gromashevsky and G. M. Weindrach, 1947; K. Raska, 1959, etc.). An in-depth epidemiological analysis has given grounds to refute the misconception about the importance of water in the occurrence of epidemic outbreaks of dysentery.
Towards a methodology for screening tuberculosis patients in rural areas
Abstract
The existing documentation of TB screening for urban patients is not justified in rural hospitals, where health-care staffing levels are much lower. Therefore, it is important to develop a slightly different documentation system for rural hospitals.
Aspiration of pleural cavity contents with manometric control
Abstract
Due to the expansion of thoracic surgery in recent years, a large number of devices for evacuating blood, air and effusion from the pleural cavity have been proposed, most of them complicated in design. We have designed a simpler and more comfortable device, which we have been using successfully for 6 years.
Palpatometry
Abstract
The detection of pain through palpation is related to the pressure exerted by the examining physician's hand. According to the common palpation technique, the patient first feels only a touch, then a gradually increasing pressure, at a certain degree of which the feeling of pain occurs. If you measure the pressure at which you feel pain in millimetres of mercury, you can determine the degree of sensitivity of an area in numbers, which is called palpatometry.
Chronicle
Abstract
The Ministry of Health of the TASSR organized seminars for chief physicians of central hospitals (10-20/X-1963) and separately for their deputies on the basis of the Republican Clinical Hospital, taking into account the importance of tasks on improvement of organization of medical services for rural population in conditions of enlarged district and the necessity to improve qualification of chief physicians of central hospitals and their deputies - heads of organizational and methodical rooms.