Vol 23, No 3 (1927)

Without enumerating all A. A. scientific works, I shall note only that the most important of them were devoted to the most difficult problem of chemistry, over which generations of physiologists and chemists have been working - the problem of protein bodies. Working persistently in this field, A. A. infected with his ideas and his closest pupils, three of whom - V. V. Worms, S. M. Maksimovich and Slonim - occupy university chairs in Saratov, Rostov and Tashkent.

The classical studies of Loeb and his school put forward a huge material for studying the influence of salts on all processes related to the activity of muscles, nerves and glands. Loeb's own experiments on marine animals led him to the conclusion that the substances in the so-called nutrient solutions should be divided into substances that are actually nutritive, which go to build the cell, and substances that play a protective role. Among the latter Loeb includes chloride salts of Na, K, Ca and Mg, absence of which in the environment containing living matter entails physical changes in protoplasm of the latter.

Studying our clinic's material relating to cases of mercury poisoning, we found that of all cases of this kind that passed through the clinic in the last 4 years, 30% had an exitus lethalis. Out of 70% of the benign cases of poisoning, 16% were very mild cases where minimal doses of sulem were taken, which had almost no effect on renal function, while the first group consisted mainly of cases in which, together with severe renal damage (anuria), there were changes in the gastrointestinal tract.

After having acquainted with the new method of reduction of dislocations of the shoulder published by professor Janelidze in the "Bulletin of Surgery and Boundary Areas" (1922, volume I, book 3), I decided to try the method suggested by the author, which in comparison with all known to me methods already a priori seemed to me extremely simple technically and very ingenious.

The impact of pregnancy on the oral organs has long been known. In particular, dental caries lesions and worsening of pre-existing caries in pregnant women can be considered a well-established fact. The frequency of dental caries and other dental diseases in pregnant women, attracting the attention of dentists, has led to the creation of a number of theories. These theories ascribed great importance to the increase of acid formation in the pregnant woman's organism and especially readily many researchers ascribe the development of dental caries in pregnant women to the acid reaction of saliva, which is thought to be characteristic of pregnant women.

Although the question of the etiology of scarlet fever has not been finally resolved until recently, the question of the Dick's reaction, which is closely connected with the role of the streptococcus in this disease, has occupied the attention of many. With active immunization against scarlatina in Kazan in mind, the Microbiological Institute decided to conduct a preliminary campaign of examination for the Dick's reaction. Both interest in the reaction as such and the desire to find out its epidemiological value prompted us to do so.

In recent years, a huge number of different bismuth preparations have been introduced into syphilis therapy under different names. Here we find aqueous solutions of bismuth salts (sigmuth. nadisan), oily suspensions of soluble bismuth compounds (trepol), oily suspensions of insoluble bismuth compounds (quinby, bismogenol, milanol), preparations with bismuth in colloidal state (neotrepol, bisdiasparol), mixed bismuth preparations (spirobismol, casbis), etc. Most of these preparations contain BIO, in a number of them chlorine, iodine and sulfur are introduced into the salt molecule. The content of metallic bismuth in the preparations ranges from 5 to 96%.

It is now possible to prove that the vessels have the same functions that characterize the heart: stimulus automatism, excitability, tonicity, contractility, and stimulus conduction. Blood circulation should be considered as a combination of the action of the heart and vessels, at the same time recognizing the functional separateness of both. The doctrine of the peripheral heart must be understood in the sense that the heart is a kind of dynamo for the vessels, while the latter are a kind of pumping pump for the blood circulation.

In order to cause arteriosclerosis in animals (rabbits), the authors fed them food with high nitrogen content, namely, one group of animals received animal proteins (liver), another was fed with oats, rabbits of the third group received soy.

The authors challenge the widespread opinion that constipation, because of the autointoxication it causes, is one of the causes of high blood pressure.

After examining bacteriological 21 cases of indisputable endocarditis lenta, FI Geilig isolated streptococci in 11 cases, in 9 cases — str. viridans and in 2 — str. haemolyticus.

The author reported the results of treatment of malaria with a synthetically produced derivative of quinoline, plasmoquine. The latter was given orally in doses of 0.02-0.05 in 0.1-0.15 p. die. The treatment was given daily for the first 5-7 days, then several times at intervals of 4-5 days for 3 days in a row, for a total of 4-6 weeks.

As is known, Makai proposed to treat cold and hot abscesses by injecting patients' own pus subcutaneously in an amount of 0.25-5 cc in hot abscesses and 10-20 cc in cold ones; injections are repeated every 5th-7th day until the abscess contents become serous-bloody or bouillon-like.

The author finds that surgical treatment of fresh fractures, or osteosynthesis, is gradually gaining more and more use in surgery. Such treatment is indicated a) for interposition of soft parts, b) for fractures in the joint area, c) for tears of bone areas to which functionally important muscles or ligaments are attached with simultaneous damage of vessels and nerves, d) in cases where other treatment methods, after 10-14 days of their application, proved unsuccessful and proper repositioning of fragments was not achieved.

Taking into account the widespread propaganda of esophagoscopy, the author again raises the question before the medical community, whether the esophagus should be probed at all, and especially where there are esophagoscopes and esophagoscopists. Probing is a very dangerous method of intervention when a foreign body gets into the esophagus, which often results in the insertion of the body into the wall of the esophagus, its perforation with subsequent mediastinitis, pneumonia, breakthrough into the trachea, aorta, etc.

Prof. В. V. Braytsev tested the following method of gastroptosis treatment in 8 cases.

The authors observing 281 patients found acetonuria characteristic of acidosis in 43% of cases, irrespective of whether the operation was performed under general anesthesia or local anesthesia; hyperglycemia (blood sugar over 0.17%) occurred in parallel.

The authors report their observations on the treatment of senile cataracts with thyroid extract.

On the basis of his experience, the author recommends using Sonderman's trepanation of the cornea in case of ulcus corneae serpens and other progressive corneal abscesses. This method of treatment has the advantage over splitting according to Saemisch'y in that it avoids iris prolapse. As for the trepanation technique, the author adhered to Sonderman's method.

In rhinological interventions, there are sometimes cases of blindness, usually explained by damage to the optic nerve due to trauma to the canalis optici.

After preliminary disinfection of the vagina and emptying of the bowels, 40-60 cc of air is injected into the bladder, and 1-2 cc of lipiodol is gently injected into the uterus with a long cannula, after which an X-ray is taken. In the case of pregnancy, the lipiodol cannot fill the entire uterine body cavity, and therefore the typical triangular shadow is not obtained on the X-ray.

With sufficient skill, you can feel the shoulder and follow the change in its position, which allows you to judge the rotation of the head. Further, he indicates a technique by which one can determine in which oblique dimension of the pelvis the head stands. The trick is to try to penetrate with both index fingers in the lateral parts of the pelvis between the head and the horizontal branch of the pubic bone.

Considering that all modern methods of labor anesthesia, with the exception of hypnosis, generally adversely affect the act of childbirth, the author develops a method of labor management under local anesthesia. Due to the short duration of local anesthesia, it is necessary to deliver as soon as possible, so the author's method is combined, consisting in the simultaneous use of local anesthesia and uterine contraction enhancers.

The author has successfully used it in 37 patients and came to the following conclusions: 1) the filtrate should be applied in the first days of the disease; 2) local application of it results in increased immigration of leucocytes to wound surfaces, which is a defense of the body against infection; 3) after one or two applications of filtrate, wound surfaces are cleared; 4) application of filtrate at the beginning of the disease prevents the process from spreading.

The author notes that the body's protective reaction to cancerous tumor development is expressed in the formation of a small cellular infiltration on the border between the healthy tissue and the tumor, with neutrophilic leukocytes receding into the background and small lymphocytes and plasma cells forming the main mass, among which there are always base and eosinophilic leukocytes in small numbers.

The author sees the cause of childhood cholera in the action on various organ systems of pathological products of fermentation developing in the intestine infected with E. coli (quite possibly a peculiar strain) and easily absorbed through the affected mucosa.

Having studied the material relating to bronchiectasias in 40 children aged from 1 to 13 years, the author came to a number of conclusions. 

Signs of congenital syphilis during childbirth were studied by Commandeur and Rhenter and they concluded that they could be found only in a relatively small number of syphilitic children.

The author described 2 cases of inner ear lesions with syphilitic etiology, significant hearing loss, absence of rotator, spontaneous and caloric nystagmus, and presence of fistula. Therapy in both cases was inconclusive.

According to Prof. Komendantov, diseases of the sound-conducting apparatus obstruct continuous access of sounds to the ear, thus giving the sound-receiving apparatus a "rest". In these cases, when a sounding tuning fork is placed to the vertex, the more tired healthy ear hears this tuning fork worse, i. e. a laterization of sound into the diseased ear occurs. I. M. Krukover performed a number of experiments that confirmed the correctness of this theory.

The author cites two cases of otogenic sepsis cured by intravenous infusion of ½%-1% calcium chloride in doses of 200.0.

Prof. Komendantov, observing favorable results after vaccine therapy of rhinoscleroma patients, finds this method of treatment most realistic.

We have before us a large, well-published volume containing reports, micro-reports, and debates on programmatic and other questions submitted by the Editorial Committee to the agenda of the Ninth All-Union Therapeutic Congress. One must rejoice that every year the publication of the Proceedings improves noticeably in all respects: the paper, printing, diagrams and drawings leave nothing to be desired, and one can see the experienced and loving hand of the publisher-editor everywhere.

Before us is the 6th book of the Leningrad "Journal of Obstetrics and Women's Diseases" for 1926, a book that was published only in December of last year. After reading it I did a little arithmetical excursion and obtained the following figures.

Prof. T. I. Yudin delivered a speech entitled "In Memory of Kerelin," in which he characterized K. as a genius of psychiatry, who created the basic psychiatric units, constituted an epoch in psychiatry, and had a tremendous influence on all psychiatrists of the world.

From January 13 to 18, 1927, the VII Regional Congress of TR Doctors took place in Kazan. There were 119 delegates at the Congress, including 25 from the cantons. The work of S'ezd was extremely businesslike and attracted not only the delegates of S'ezd, but also a great number of guests, the number of which reached 200 on the opening day of S'ezd; during the other days of S'ezd attendance was also unprecedented for Kazan, from which we can draw one conclusion - the medical mass has grown, lately it has stepped forward, which is proved by its professional activists: 69,5% of 119 delegates are engaged in professional work.