Vol 19, No 4 (1923)

The wave of jaundice epidemics, which swept across Europe in recent years, served as an even greater incentive to study the issue and gave a large clinical material for observation. As far as I know, these new data have found very little reflection in the Russian literature.

A wandering spleen, as we know, is a spleen that has left its normal, anatomical receptacle and moves freely in the abdominal cavity. Displacement of this organ may be congenital (due to the absence of normal ligaments and enteroptosis congenita), but much more often such a displacement is acquired. Causes of the latter are: trauma, increase of the spleen due to those or other disease processes (malaria, leukemia, tumors), especially general enteroptosis or, more correctly, general ptosis (omission) of abdominal organs, intestines, spleen, liver, kidneys, occurring due to distension of abdominal walls and weakening of intra-abdominal pressure in women who have many children.

When Küstner, in 1890, first suggested allowing women in labor to stand up early (on the first or second day after delivery), many doubted the advisability of this suggestion, but no one was particularly interested in this question. Only after Boldt and then Krönig again raised the question of early standing up after childbirth and surgery, recommending it as a way to prevent blood clots and blockage of the pulmonary artery, did the question stir great interest, as it touched on one of the sore spots of modern surgery.

Two famine years in the Volga region gave mass disease of its population by non-protein edema, and in the overwhelming majority children fell ill, which served as material for the present report. Proteinless edema in children was described by Barthez and Rilliet, Cadet de Guassicont, Filatov and others as a comparatively rare disease, sometimes developing primarily and sometimes during acute infections (scarlatina, measles, typhus, etc.).

Under this title in the "Medical Review" (No. 8, 1922) is a translation from a manuscript of an article by Kronfeld, a representative of the new, young psychological or phenomenological school of psychiatrists in Germany (as opposed to the purely clinical-nosological direction of the Kgerelin school). Kronfeld points out that through all modern psychotherapeutic schools, beginning with Dubois and ending with Alford Adler, runs through one basic idea, that the painful phenomena in functional neuroses are the external expression of a certain warehouse of character and form of reaction. Symptoms are deduced genetically from the psychoreactive and psychogenic development of the psychophysical organization.

After preliminary injections of cultures of typhoid bacilli and emulsion of red blood globules of ram, the author found that the venous blood of the spleen contains significantly more agglutinins and hemolysins than the venous blood of other organs.

In many cases of catarrhal jaundice, syphilitic jaundice, etc. the author found crystals of leucine and tyrosine in the urine. Hence, the author denies "catarrhal jaundice" as such and comes to the necessity to recognize the damage of the liver cells themselves under the influence of blood infection or intoxication.

The authors found in their experiments that even a single per os injection of polyvalent vaccines (cholera, typhoid, dysentery) leads to the appearance of significant amounts of agglutinins in the blood.

It is known that b. coli is the causative agent in almost 70% of acute pyelitis. But how does the renal pelvis become infected? There are 3 theories: 1) hematogenic (descending), 2) intestinal (hematogenic and lymphogenic) and 3) ascending (through the lymphatic vessels of the ureter and ureteric lumen). According to the descending gematogenic theory, especially widespread in France and America, pathogenic microorganisms that entered the blood in one way or another, being excreted by the kidneys, infect the renal pelvis.

Observations made by Prof. N. Chistovich on one patient whose postmortem examination revealed the presence of cystic kidney degeneration showed that excretion of urea, phosphate and chloride in this disease is extremely difficult, urea content in blood increases to threatening sizes, water excretion, if sufficient with moderate drinking, becomes unsatisfactory with increased water infusion, and the ability to liquefy urine suffers greatly.

Proceeding from the idea that spontaneous gangrene is the result of the presence of vasoconstrictors in the blood, Glebovich performed a series of experiments with the serum of this kind of patients, diluted in Ringer-Lock's fluid, passing it through an isolated rabbit ear by the method of Prof. Kravkov.

Recently, in connection with Oppel's theory about causal dependence of spontaneous gangrene on adrenal hyperfunction, the question about the technique of removal of the latter has become acute. Out of 2 ways to the adrenal gland, perperitoneal and extraperitoneal, from the lumbar region, the author prefers the latter.

Complete bilateral disconnection of a segment of the intestine in intestinal fistulas usually does not eliminate the latter, since the secret of the glands of the mucosa of this segment continues to be secreted from the disconnected segment and maintains the existence of the fistula.

The author applied this method in 68 patients with sepsis. The infusion was made into one of the saphenous veins of the upper or lower limb, in an amount of up to 1000 cfu of arg. nitr. 0,1:1000.

The authors report the result of a critical evaluation of various "stabilizing" foot surgeries by a special committee of American scientists, based on their study of extensive clinical material.

In examining the process of biological development of bone in connection with the question of bone grafts, the author found that under the supra-cartilage there are absolutely no cells that would be similar to osteoblasts, and the latter, in turn, are completely unlike cartilage cells.

On the basis of numerous measurements, the author concludes that in the living C. v. is not 11, but only 10.3 centimeters, with the lower limit for the normal pelvis being 9.5 centimeters.

The author observed a case of twin pregnancy, where, in his opinion, there was an undoubted superfetation (a new conception in a woman already pregnant).

According to the data of Muther, which includes 93 cases of surgical treatment of tubal pregnancy, recurrent pregnancy in women who underwent graviditatem extrauterinam occurs in 46.2% (42 out of 93 cases), and in 73.8% it turns out to be uterine and only in 26.2% - extrauterine.

In examining the issue of uterine damage during the operation of instrumental removal of the fetus, the author concludes that the intrauterine use of a spoon and abortion forceps in pregnancies past the 10th week is against common sense, erroneous, and deserves to be punished.

Spermatozoa play an important role in the upward spread of gonorrhea through the female genital tract, carrying gonococci, and probably other germs, from one section of the female genital tract to another.

Determination of this rate makes it easy to distinguish malignant tumors (rate increased) from benign (rate normal), hemorrhagic tumors of uterine appendages (rate increased) from serous (rate normal), chronic inflammations of appendages (rate normal) from acute, especially naginous (sedimentation accelerated).

In mechanical dysmenorrhea, depending on excessive uterine anteflexion, which anteflexion, in turn, is usually a companion of infantilism, dilation of the cervical feces with Hepar's dilators and the like gives a mostly transient effect.

When bleeding depends on disorders of the ovaries, it is necessary to X-ray these latter, to achieve bloodless castration with x-rays; if, however, X-raying had to be started already in the 2nd half of the menstrual phase, then to obtain a favorable effect during the nearest regurgitation, spleen illumination must be joined to this.

The author describes the excellent results he obtained in X-rays, in patients with uterine fibroids, pituitary gland.

Based on numerous experiments with X-rays on malignant tumors (cancers and sarcomas) in mice, the authors concluded that 5-7 erythemidoses of filtered x-rays are needed to kill cancer and sarcomatous cells in humans if the tumors are located on the surface of the body.

Changes in the brain are usually recognized exclusively by neurological examination methods, which often give insufficient results. In order to make up for the resulting data, the American Dandy decided to use x-rays to recognize brain diseases by blowing air into the cerebral ventricles (ventriculographia).

The author treats parkinsonism, which is often a consequence of epidemic (lethargic) encephalitis, with atropine, which gives good results. Atrawitz's clinic they give patients atropin. sulf. 0.0005 4-6 times a day. Improvement is noted already in two days.

The authors describe an illness that spread in the breast department of a pediatric clinic in Budapest. The first child was admitted on the 4th day of the illness, which began at once with fever, vomiting, and diarrhea; unconsciousness, shortness of breath, and intestinal phenomena led at first to assume acute food intoxication. After 4 days, a child lying in an adjoining room became ill, 2 days later the next, and then, at intervals of 2 to 3 days, the infection spread throughout the ward, infecting 11 children.

The author subjected a population study, in Dortmund, 1384 children from 2 to 10 years to find out among them the number of rickets: it turned out that 42.8% found signs of rickets, and about 10% of all children suffered from a severe form of it.

Until the recent past, patients with phenomena of meningitis in the early period of syphilis were used only by syphilidologists, due to insufficient contact between the nervous and venereal clinics. the author studied a large number of patients in the early period of syphilis. Out of 844 such patients 573 turned out not to be treated at all, and among them 20% gave pathological cerebrospinal fluid.

The author concludes that Hb content in psoriasis is sometimes decreased, especially in the rash period, erythrocyte count is usually normal, but sometimes there is a transient decrease in the rash period, total leukocyte count is within normal limits.

The collection was prepared for printing as early as 1919, but for technical reasons its appearance refers only to the current year. It consists of articles from the nerve clinics of I and II Moscow Universities and the neurological department of the Traumatological Institute, and is very diverse in its content.