Vol 76, No 4 (1995)

The 65th anniversary of the Faculty of Preventive Medicine is a significant event not only for its faculty, staff and students, but for the entire Kazan Medical University. An anniversary is a certain milestone with summing up the results of activities. Let us also turn over some pages of the history of the medical and preventive faculty.

The labour conditions of the workers of vibration-dangerous professions of large-scale motor and helicopter production associations are studied throughout years of time. The great rate (about 60%) of the vibrating disease spread among them is revealed. The effective methods of prevention and treatment of the vibrating disease are developed.

The mental profile of the personality of 101 persons working with videodisplay terminals and 28 persons of the control group is studied using the brief multifactor questionnaire. The changes of the mental profile oversteping the limits of the standard of 70 T-marks are observed in the length of service more than 144 months. The conclusion, regarding the possibility of the development of mental disorders in the prolonged work with videodisplay terminals and the necessity of more profound clinical observations of this category of the working persons is made.

The investigation of the social and hygienic conditions of labour, way of life, rest and health state of drivers of trucks in the Motor Transport Works-6 is performed using the specially developed questionnaire including 46 questions. It is shown that the complication of the driver's task by the loading and unloading and difficulties in the process of adaptation to the new type of work according to a sliding schedule cause the early tiredness accompanied by various complaints.

The ergonometric estimation of working places of electrofitters is given, their accordance with anatomophysiologic peculiarities of workers, generally accepted norms is studied. The characteristic of other harmful inductrial factors describing basic links of the ergonomic system «man-machine-environment» is given.

The results of the study of hygienic breeding of students of the 1, 3 years of the Medical University and the attitude of students of the 1, 3, 5 years of the Medical and Technical Universities to bad habits, as well as the effect of motor activity on the physical capacity for work, (health and academic progress of students are presented. The results of the study allow to make conclusions regarding low hygienic breeding of students, positive influence of their motor activity on the physical capacity for work and health, and reduction of the activity against bad habits durung the education at the University. It confirms the urgency of the formation of healthy moda of life among students.

Starting from 1950, scientific centers were established in various cities of the USSR to study microelements, to study their biological role and content in environmental objects, tissues, organs, liquid media of a living organism, in normal and pathological conditions, to elucidate their role in the etiology and pathogenesis of various diseases, prevention and treatment of diseases. Tatarstan is endemic for goiter region. It is well known that endemic goiter occurs due to a lack of iodine in nature. The soil serves as a "supplier" of iodine for plants, animals and humans, so its role in the iodine cycle in nature can be considered a leading one. Consequently, the organization of a successful fight against endemic goiter is unthinkable without comprehensive studies of the biogeochemical situation in endemic foci and in the whole country, especially without taking into account the content of various forms of iodine in soils [13].

In the struggle to reduce infectious disease in Tatarstan from 1917 to 1994, five major stages can be distinguished. Stage I (1917-1923). The very difficult sanitary and epidemiological legacy inherited from tsarist Russia was further aggravated in 19118-1920. as a result of civil war, intervention, economic ruin and famine. During these years, the epidemic situation as a whole worsened, especially in connection with an unprecedented rise in the incidence of typhus. Thus, in 1920, compared with 1918, the incidence of typhus increased 54 times, typhoid fever - 1.6 times, smallpox - 2 times. In 1921, the incidence of cholera was 390.0 per 100,000 population. The fight against these terrible diseases had to be carried out in the most difficult conditions: there were not enough doctors, paramedical workers, there were no hospitals, medicines - hunger raged!

In recent years, the epidemic situation in diphtheria has deteriorated sharply. An essential point in assessing the dynamics of the epidemic process of diphtheria is the determination of the state of immunity of the population. Judging by the numerous publications [4-5], the number of immune persons and the level of antibodies in them in different years and in certain territories are different. Given that the highest incidence is currently observed among adults, we decided to study the state of protection not of the total population, but of adults. The intensity of immunity to diphtheria and tetanus in the adult population of Kazan was studied by us in 1992 against the background of epidemic well-being, at that time in Moscow, St. Petersburg, Moscow, Leningrad, Irkutsk regions, Primorsky Krai, there was a significant increase in the incidence of diphtheria.

The results of the creation of new medicinal drugs on the basis of synthetic phosphoroorganic compounds without anticholinesterasic activity are generalized. The assessment of the contribution of various specialists into the development of dimephosphone glyciphone and phosphabenzide is given, the following prospects of the search of original medicinal drugs in a series of phosphoroorganic compounds are shown.

The functional and metabolic activity of neutrophils in 66 patients with erysipelas depending on the degree of intoxication and effect of serous factors is studied. It is shown that in the acute period of erysipelas the increase of leukocytic index of intoxication, natural inhibiting factor level, and functional and metabolic activity of neutrophils in spontaneous NST-test and the decrease — in indurative NST-test are revealed. The high level of the natural inhibiting factor is retained in the early convalescence period in 80% of the patients with relapsing form of the erysipelas. The plausible inhibiting effect of serous factors on the functional and metabolic activity of neutrophils in patients with erysipelas is revealed.

The one-way suture of the dura mater spinalis' to the lateral portion of yellow ligament is performed for the purpose of the experimental scoliosis production on 14 rabbits aged 1 month after osteoplastic graft laminectomy by the method developed. The stable scoliosis of the III degree is observed in all animals to the end of the fourth month. The primarily one-way direction of the growth of vertebral arches and bodies as well as paravertebral soft tissue structures is due to the complex pathophysiological process caused by the nonadequate response of tensor dorsal muscles and pronounced tension of the body flexors, dura mater spinalis.

The problem of purulent infection is constantly in the focus of attention of surgeons, which is explained by the increase in the frequency of purulent-inflammatory diseases and postoperative wound infection, as well as the significant severity of their course. An important role in this is played by changes in the properties and nature of pathogens of purulent surgical infection and their antibacterial resistance [14].

Vitamins of group K, coagulation vitamins, or antihemorrhagic vitamins, are derivatives of 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. They are necessary for the synthesis of prothrombin in the liver, factors VII, IX and X, anticoagulant proteins C and S, osteocalcin in bone tissue, and gamma-carboxylated sperm and kidney proteins.

In 1993, the university publishing house published the monograph "Thromboplastin", written by the country's leading experts in the biochemistry of blood coagulation - professors A. Sh. Byshevsky (Tyumen), D. M. Zubairov (Kazan) and O. A. Tersenov (Tyumen). These researchers have studied the biochemistry of the hemocoagulation process for many years, including the mechanism of the first phase of blood coagulation — the formation and action of tissue and blood prothrombinases.

The plenum was dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding domestic clinician E. M. Tareev. Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, prof. N. A. Mukhin.