Vol 21, No 2 (1925)

The question of synergism of medicinal substances was interesting for me, and my task was to study the combined action of substances, which in everyday medical life are called "heart remedies" and by this it is supposed that they all act in the same direction - in the sense of improving the work of the heart. There is no doubt, that all of them really improve work of the last, but it is still not clear, how it occurs, especially at the joint use of some substances of the specified group.

The main leukocytogenic organ of the human body is known to be the bone marrow. At infectious diseases, due to irritation received from bacterial toxins circulating in blood and death of a large number of leukocytes bone marrow receives an impulse to replace the dead elements and, according to the known biological law, starts to produce leukocytic elements to an increased degree. An indicator of this increased activity of bone marrow is peripheral blood hyperleukocytosis. The latter is subject to considerable fluctuations depending on the intensity and type of the infectious beginning, on the reactivity of the organism and other local conditions.

Surgical methods of access to the oral cavity in order to remove tongue cancer can be divided into 5 groups: the first group includes methods of penetration through the natural mouth opening, especially with the use of auxiliary methods (undercutting of the frenulum, ligature through the tongue to extract it outwards, use of Whithead's mirror): to the second group belong those methods, where the way goes through the mouth, but with an additional incision across the cheek (methods of laeger's Naufelder, Mausonenveer); to the third group may be included those where to the plumb incision of soft parts of the lower lip is joined the transverse sawing of the lower jaw (methods Roux, Sedillot, Syme, Billroth'a, Langenbeck-Bergmann'a): To the fourth group I refer methods with access through the soft parts of the floor of the mouth (methods of Vernuel, Regnoli, Siamatei, Czerny-Billrich); finally, to the fifth group we can refer combined methods, where access goes through the incision of soft parts of the lower lip, neck, floor of the mouth with sawing of the lower jaw (methods of Kosher, Kornelin and Orlov).

In the study of the trachomatous process, the involvement of the cartilage of the eyelids in this process has somehow received little attention. Some researchers have left this side of the case completely in the shade, others have dealt with the changes found here only incidentally, and there is considerable disagreement between the authors' conclusions on this point. I won't review in this brief report the old literature on the problem of cartilage lesions of the eyelids in trachoma, especially since it has been adequately addressed, e.g. in the dissertation of Dr. Chistyakov (On surgical treatment of trachoma, Tomsk, 1909). I only say that the controversies concerning the pathological-anatomical essence of cartilage changes in trachoma seem to have been ironed out even until quite recently.

The erythrocyte sedimentation reaction, introduced into clinical practice by FahraeuS'OM, has found the greatest application in gynecology. A number of works of German (Fahräeus, Linzenmeier, Geppert, Haselhorst, Mahnert, Gänssle; Molnar, Oettinger, etc.) and Russian (Mandelstam, Bronnikova, Popova-Terebinskaya, Izakson, etc.) authors quite established its suitability for clinical purposes, and at present, study of this reaction should pass, as Dr. Bronnikova rightly put it, to the phase of studying various details connected with its application at the patient bedside. In the present report we present the results of our clinical observations made with the help of this reaction in the Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic of the Kazan Clinical Institute and partly on cancer patients who underwent radiotherapy in the Faculty Obstetric and Gynecologic Clinic of Prof. V.S. Gruzdev.

It is difficult to judge about the normal sexual life of the female environment according to our questionnaire, because questionnaires are always received only from a part of respondents. It is impossible to say which part of the youth responded, that is, the one who was most liberated from bourgeois morality, or vice versa. Of the participants in our questionnaire, 182 (36%) were sexually active. This includes 83 from the petty-bourgeois milieu and 99 from the peasant and worker milieu.

For most physicians, the practice and experience of insurance medicine is completely unknown. This is because, over the past 50 years, insurance medicine has become completely disconnected from general medicine and has taken a separate position from it. While general medicine, at various eras of its brilliant development, has increasingly pushed aside those foundations on which old medicine rested, insurance medicine at this time was built on the two cardinal foundations of old medicine, namely, the doctrine of heredity and the doctrine of the constitution.

Prof. D. M. Rossiyskiy came to the conclusion that extracts on the funnel part of the pituitary gland can be used in various metabolic diseases, especially those in which nitrogenous, phosphorus, chloride metabolism, as well as the exchange of calcium and magnesium, is greatly increased.

In order to obtain heteroprostatolysins and isoprostatolysins, to find out their organ specificity and influence on the prostate gland tissue and function P.S. Grigoriev performed a number of experiments on animals. By repeated injections under the skin of rams the emulsion from the dog prostate gland was obtained heteroprostatolytic serum. Isoprostatolytic serum was obtained from dogs prepared by injection of canine prostate gland of the same.

On a material of more than 300 gastric patients a year, Leb, having examined simultaneously the gastrointestinal tract and the chest, paid attention to the presence in most cases along with atony of the stomach and tuberculosis lesion of the lung hilus. The frequency of this combination prompted the author to try to establish a connection between the two diseases mentioned.

The author concluded that quinine acts on malaria plasmodium as a specific chemotherapeutic agent in the Ehrlichʹov sense, i.e. here we are dealing with a parasitotropic killing effect on the parasite.

In almost all cases of chronic sepsis, it was possible to prove the presence of streptococci in the blood by the following method: 5-10 cc of blood is collected in a sterile test tube, waiting for the blood to clot, after which the serum is drained, and the blood clot is transferred to an Erlenmeyer flask containing 50 cc. 10% horse serum broth. The flask is placed in the thermostat for 4 to 6 days, with a few drops taken from the bottom with a sterile capillary pipette every 24 h and transferred to the blood agar plate.

To anyone who has observed the clinical course of peritonitis in children and adults, a sharp difference is striking, indicating the different resistance of the peritoneum according to age. The case histories cited by Rribram show that the pediatric peritoneum has the ability to quickly eliminate infection by absorbing purulent exudate. In contrast, the adult peritoneum has negligible ability to resorb inflammatory exudates.

The usual method of operative treatment of threatening bleeding from gastric ulcer has so far been considered to be circular piercing of the whole ulcer. Since, however, the stitches pass through all layers of the stomach, this operation, according to some authors, poses a danger of necrosis, with subsequent perforation, of the expanded part of the gastric wall due to the cessation of blood flow. In order to check whether there is such a danger in reality, Königsberger performed a series of experiments on animals.

The author sees a great step forward and the technique of cataract extraction surgery in weakening the action of m. orbicularis by procain injections.

The author recommends one simple therapeutic method for phlegmonic dacryocystitis, namely, the application of a pressure dressing, despite the fact that, as he says, at first glance, this method contradicts surgical thinking.

On a large material the authors confirmed the observation, made as early as 1882 by Cuzzi, that the longer a woman's period lasts, the greater is the weight and length of the children she gives birth to.

The author successfully applied in one case of severe asphyxia of a newborn, with absence of heartbeat, an injection of 0.4 cc of suprarenin 1:1000 solution into the heart. The injection was made in the IV intercostal space, 2 centimeters to the left of the edge of the sternum.

The authors made observations on healthy infants of 2-16 months of age with persistent t°, to whose food (Moro or Schisk'a mixture in an amount of 100-120 grams per kilogram of weight) was added during 1-4 days lactana (preparation of casein with calcium) in an amount of 5-10%.

The etiology of defects in the formation of permanent tooth enamel remained unclear for a long time. Most authors attributed them to rickets, tetany and syphilis. Kassowitz, on the basis of his research on a large material (2753 cases), concludes that the main cause of these defects is the general growth disorder of the body during the development of the teeth.

The author reports 83 cases of meningitis that passed through the Erlangen Clinic over 35 years (1888-1923).

Early recognition of syphilis is nowadays of particular importance because of the possibility of timely application of abortifacient treatment. However, the methods commonly used in the laboratory for the examination of sclerosis secretions do not give a positive answer in a number of cases, namely in locally treated sclerosis, in concomitant phimosis, and in mixed sclerosis. In order to make up for this deficiency, Serner and Schyster resort to the old method proposed back in 1905 by Noffmann - puncture of regional lymphatic glands.

The author radiographed the area of the goiter in 32 patients with psoriasis and obtained good results.

On the one hand, Entin aimed to simplify the technique of making direct prostheses for the operation, making it accessible to an ordinary dental technician, and on the other hand, to construct a prosthesis that would meet the principle of exact morphological and anatomical-topographic individualization in each individual case. In pursuit of both these objectives, he developed a prosthesis in a soft, elastic material and made it inflatable and pneumatic according to Schiltski's idea.

Dr. P.A. Badul demonstrated 2 cases of syringomyelia of various ages (one patient fell ill 2 months ago, the other - 2 years), simultaneously clarifying the history of the diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The debate was attended by Dr. A. G. Grinbarg, I. I. Rusetsky and prof. R. A Luria.

For the vacant chair of Ear, Nose, and Throat Diseases, the Council of the Medical Department of Kazan University unanimously elected both candidates submitted by the subject committee (see No. 9 of the "Journal" 1924, p. 1000): Prof. Trutnev and Prof. Kompaneev, whose choice will depend on the Center.