Vol 62, No 1 (1981)

The assessment of infusion therapy in the treatment of hypovolemia, conditions accompanied by severe intoxication and requiring long-term parenteral nutrition. Practical recommendations on the tactics of replenishing the volume of circulating blood in operated patients, the choice of infusion-transfusion media for detoxification therapy and parenteral nutrition are presented.

In 63 children with acute pneumonia, changes in the cellular composition of blood, proteinogram, indices of nonspecific immunological reactivity and fibrinolytic activity of blood were studied under the influence of fibrinolytic plasma transfusions. The data obtained confirm the expediency of using the indicated transfusion medium in the system of complex treatment of young children with acute pneumonia.

A two-year observation was carried out over schoolchildren in order to find out the possibility of preventing dental caries by replacing sugar with xylitol. Replacement of 30 g of sweets per day with xylitol led to a significant decrease in the incidence of caries in permanent teeth and had a beneficial effect on the clinical course of caries.

The main stages of manufacturing prostheses with solid bases and clamps, indications for their use and advantages over partial removable plastic prostheses are described.

A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of topical application of a solution of dioxidine and Vishnevsky ointment for the treatment of patients with inflammatory processes of the maxillofacial region of odontogenic and non-odontogenic origin in a hospital and a dental clinic was carried out. The antimicrobial effect of dioxidine has been confirmed by microbiological studies. Dioxidine is recommended for use in dental practice.

Studies, including masticiography, chewing test, electromyography and pneumotachography, have shown that the treatment of malocclusion with Frenkel function regulators is highly effective during the period of active growth of the jaw bones. A prerequisite for the successful treatment of malocclusion in children with impaired nasal breathing is preliminary sanitation of the nasopharynx followed by breathing exercises and myogymnastics to restore nasal breathing.

The study of the effectiveness of the use of trimecaine for analgesia of surgical interventions in the oral cavity in 1075 children showed its dependence on the concentration of the anesthetic solution and the severity of inflammation in the tissues of the oral cavity. The data obtained make it possible to recommend 0.5% and 1% solutions of trimecaine for pain relief of surgical interventions in the oral cavity in children.

In patients who have weak manifestations of epileptiform activity on the electroencephalogram, it can be stopped by painful stimulation of the receptors of the patient's hand. The zones of reflex initiation of epileptic discharges on the electroencephalogram from the periphery can be actively identified by palpation of various parts of the body.

The results of clinical observations of 19 patients with initial manifestations of insufficient blood supply to the spinal cord are presented. Clinical symptoms manifested themselves only with an increased need for the spinal cord for blood flow, while additional research methods revealed changes outside of exacerbation.

In patients who have undergone surgery for chronic calculous cholecystitis and its complications, an increase in duodenal pressure and tone occurs secondarily, in response to biliary and pancreatic hypertension caused by choledocholithiasis, papillary stenosis, and other complications of the disease. Operations that remove mechanical obstacles to the outflow of bile and pancreatic juice help to reduce duodenal hypertension or normalize pressure in the duodenum. In functional duodenal hypertension, papillosphincterotomy and choledochoduodenostomy are not contraindicated.

The experience of using exercise therapy and physiotherapy in 112 patients who were operated on for fractures of the femoral and tibial condyles is generalized. Therapeutic exercises and physiotherapy contribute to the normalization of the functional state of the neuromuscular and ligamentous apparatus of the knee joint, as evidenced by the achievement of limb stability after treatment.

Carcinoid, which belongs to the group of hormonally active tumors, does not belong to the number of frequently occurring neoplasms of the stomach; therefore, each report about it is of practical interest. If it is complicated by occult bleeding, it can cause hypochromic anemia, incomprehensible at first glance, and the existing carcinoid syndrome creates even greater diagnostic difficulties. The doubts of even experienced pathohistologists in determining the histogenetic affiliation of a removed tumor are quite understandable, because the diversity and diversity of the cell structure of the carcinoid sometimes pose a difficult task for them.

The prevalence and intensity of dental diseases were studied in 669 children (356 boys and 313 girls aged 1 to 3 years) in 7 nurseries in Ufa. The analysis of dental morbidity in children living in four populated areas of the city, located on the border of the sanitary protection zone (zone I), at a distance of 3 km (zone II), 10 km (zone III) and 15 km (zone IV) from petrochemical complexes. Of the surveyed children, 102 (15.2%) showed good physical development, 412 (61.6%) - satisfactory and 155 (23.2%) - deteriorated. The prevalence of dental caries was 18.6 ± 3.5%, 24.0 ± 2.1% and 30.3 ± 3.7%, respectively. The difference is statistically significant between the indicators of groups of children with good and impaired physical development (P <0.05). Accordingly, the intensity of caries lesions was 3.1 ± 0.4; 3.7 ± 0.1 and 4.9 ± 0.6 among children with carious teeth.

Analysis of our observations of 37 patients with various forms of sinusitis and 76 case histories for 2 years made it possible to identify a number of features in the clinic and the course of sinusitis. Patients with a rhinogenic form of the disease (65 people) more often complained of headache (43), nasal breathing difficulties (27), nasal discharge (43). The inflammatory process was often bilateral (37), and the sinus disease was preceded by respiratory infections (influenza, acute respiratory infections). Rhinoscopy revealed a curvature of the nasal septum, polyps in the nose, hypertrophy of the turbinates. Conservative treatment gave good results.

The aim of this work was to elucidate the dependence of the development and nature of the clinical course of dental caries on the serotonin content in the blood. 65 students aged 18-20 years were examined: 9 with acute (rapid) dental caries (group 1), 26 with chronic caries (group 2) and 30 people with intact teeth (group 3, control). Recorded the values ​​of KPU (caries - filling - extracted tooth), the average number of carious cavities per person, as well as the depth of the lesion. Blood serotonin was determined by the biological method of Chernov and Lipats (1962).

We use plastic inlays that allow you to fill a tooth defect in one visit. For this purpose, plastic set teeth are used, from which the desired area corresponding to the tooth defect is cut. For reliable fixation of the plastic in the cavity of the tooth, a stainless steel wire reinforcement with a diameter of 0.6 mm is fixed. The inlay, connected to the reinforcement with a quick-hardening plastic, fills well the contours of the prepared cavity.

A method of sclerotherapy has been developed to eliminate pathological periodontal pockets, based on the introduction of hypertonic solutions that cause aseptic inflammation of the connective tissue. The outcome of the inflammatory process is fibrotization of the gingival wall, which leads to compaction and reduction of the gums in volume.

Serum proteins of blood were determined by electrophoresis on paper, total protein was determined by refractometry.

The pathogenic role of dental foci of infection in the emergence of a very wide range of diseases of various localization is generally recognized. In accordance with modern ideas, the dental focus is considered as a source of hetero- (microbial, medicinal) and autosensitization of the body. The realization of the pathogenic effect of the dental focus is to a large extent connected with its depressing effect on the nonspecific resistance of the organism.

The effect of three-year artificial fluoridation of drinking water on the frequency of dental caries among 1955 children aged 7-11 years in Zelenodolsk was studied. A significant decrease in the incidence of tooth decay was revealed in all age groups of children living in the zone of fluoridation of drinking water.

Among domestic and foreign guidelines on acupuncture, the new book of the famous specialist associate professor D. M. Tabeeva is distinguished by the originality of both form and content. Although the book is called "Atlas of acupuncture", in fact it is a very capacious and interesting written manual, illustrated with colorful large-format drawings, provided with detailed descriptions. Thus, it is both a guide and an atlas - a form that has no analogue either in our country or abroad. The author's extensive pedagogical experience is reflected in the layout of the book. It is convenient for self-study while learning this ancient healing method.

The monograph is devoted to the topical problem of neurology. The authors comprehensively consider the least studied, perhaps, but the most important aspect of neuroangiology from a practical point of view and in terms of social significance - early and initial manifestations of cerebrovascular pathology. When solving the set tasks, a modern methodological approach with multifactor analysis is used. The authors identified the basic principles of systematization of cerebrovascular pathology and, based on the concept of the stage-by-stage formation of vascular diseases, proposed their classification. Methodological aspects of early diagnosis of cerebrovascular pathology are considered in the light of the development of programs for mass preventive examinations of the population. At the same time, the need for widespread use of computer technology is correctly pointed out and the experience of creating functional diagnostic systems is described.

On December 20, 1979, after a serious, prolonged illness, at the age of 84, Honored Scientist of the RSFSR, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Yuri Alexandrovich Ratner, died.

In the country as a whole, diseases of the nerves and peripheral ganglia (according to the reporting form No. 16) in 1977 ranked fifth in terms of cases and seventh in terms of days of incapacity for work. In 1974-1977, there was a trend towards a decrease in the incidence - in cases by 7.7% and in days by 6.5%. At the same time, there was a slight (by 1.8%) increase in the average duration of incapacity for work (in 1974 it was 11.4 days, in 1975 - 11.7, in 1976 - 11.6 and in 1977 — 11.6 days). An increase in the average duration of a case with a downward trend in morbidity seems to us to be a positive factor, indirectly indicating an improvement in the quality of treatment of patients. The most important condition for a further decrease in the number of vertebrogenic diseases, obviously, can be hospitalization in a wider range of these patient populations. Treatment of patients with clinical manifestations of lumbar osteochondrosis in the hospital allows, according to our data, to reduce the period of temporary disability by 2-4 times.

Dear Editor-in-Chief!
I am sincerely grateful to you for the opportunity to get acquainted with the letter of Academician DF Chebotarev regarding our note "On the organization of geriatric sites" (Kazan Medical Journal, 1980, No. 3, pp. 78-79). In this letter, Academician DF Chebotarev notes that the idea of organizing geriatric sites contradicts the principles of building a geriatric service in our country, with which it is rather difficult to agree.