Vol 34, No 8-9 (1938)

Over the past fifteen years, the group of diuretics has been enriched with new potent drugs. However, the fight against edema is not yet fully developed.

Cardiovascular failure, as you know, causes a shift in the acid-base balance in tissues and blood towards acidosis. Since the kidney is one of the main regulators of acid-base balance, it is natural to expect that acidosis, increasing the excretion of acid radicals in the urine, can increase the excretion of ammonia that binds these acids.

Prior to the discovery of insulin, diet was the only therapeutic option for diabetes. The desire to influence the main symptoms of the disease - hyperglycemia and glucosuria - led to a significant restriction of carbohydrates. Both other food components — proteins and fats — were introduced in one ratio or another, depending on the views of various researchers on the role of these substances in interstitial metabolism and, in particular, in the metabolism of carbohydrates. But, we repeat, the main characteristic point in all these dietary schemes was the restriction of carbohydrates.

The question of peptic ulcer disease still does not cease to excite the minds of clinicians. A huge literature has already accumulated on the pathogenesis, clinical picture and therapy of this suffering. However, the questions of etiopathogenesis and therapy of peptic ulcer disease remain open, and the diversity of the clinical course often presents great diagnostic difficulties. That is why, having a significant number of ulcer patients in our clinic, we decided to start generalizing this material. During the period indicated from 1932 to 1937, 1015 ulcer patients passed through the 2nd Soviet hospital, the base of our clinics.

If the gastrointestinal anastomosis, imposed with a therapeutic purpose in case of gastric ulcer, leads to ulcer healing and subsequently becomes unnecessary and disrupts normal physiological relations, or if this anastomosis is imposed for incorrect indications (for example, with an ulcerative symptom complex without an ulcer or gastroptosis), then painful phenomena occur, which are based on the anastomosis itself; these cases Pribram (1929) singled out into a separate nosological unit - "gastrointestinal anastomosis as a disease". The essence of the disease is reduced mainly to stagnation in the leading loop of the anastomosis; therefore, it usually occurs with a posterior anastomosis, when this stagnation is possible, and never occurs with an anterior anastomosis with Brown's enteroenteroanastomosis, when stagnation in the adductor loop is excluded. This stagnation in the adductor loop of alkaline contents leads to a reflex stimulating effect on the fundic glands of the stomach and inhibits gastric evacuation; as a result, in 3-4 hours after a meal, late gastro-succorrhea occurs. Thus, both mechanical moments and reflex disorders on the part of the pylorus and duodenum are important in the origin of the disease.

All our material covers 832 patients with hernias, which is 6.8% of the total inpatient material. This figure is very close to the data of other authors (Mikhalkin - 8.68%, Steblin-Kaminsky - 6.01%). There were 92% men. Only in 16 cases did we find indications of cryptorchidism.

All chemical compounds of chlorine with iron are unstable. When heated solutions of ferric chloride, chlorine easily evaporates; prolonged exposure to light decomposes ferric chloride solutions. When aqueous solutions of ferric chloride are heated, FeCl₃ dissociates into free Fe and C₁ ions. Of the chlorine compounds in medical practice, iron sesquichloride is best known. Ferrum sesquichlor. solutum s. liq. ferr. sesquichlorati is a solution of ferric chloride (FeCl₃-6H₂O (in water 1: 1) according to pharmaceutical ed. 1934). Ferric chloride solution - transparent, dark brown liquid, beats. weight 1.280, dissolves well in water, alcohol and ether. Iron sesquichloride has long been used in medical practice as a hemostatic agent, due to its ability to coagulate the skin and constrict blood vessels. Recently, iron sesquichloride is rarely used by both surgeons, when stopping wound bleeding, and therapists, for gastrointestinal bleeding. Nevertheless, this drug has not been excluded from the list of our pharmacotherapeutic agents until now.

Over 40 years ago, the idea was expressed about the admissibility of early getting up in obstetrics, as opposed to the prevailing opinion among obstetricians at that time about the advisability of a long stay of puerperas in bed for up to 2 or more weeks. A number of obstetric institutions have used this method of postpartum management with good results. However, soon this method was forgotten, and only in the last 5-10 years, early rising again attracted the attention of obstetricians.

Childhood pneumonia is a common and very serious illness. According to the children's clinic of the Sverdlovsk Medical Institute (Prof. Klivanskaya-Krol), the overall mortality rate, pneumonia is 27.66%, and in children under 3 years of age, 29.67%. Plonskaya (children's clinic of the Ivanovo Medical Institute) determines the mortality rate of pneumonia in children under 3 years of age at 22.5%. Even higher figures are indicated by Nassau, Finkelstein, Maslov, etc.

Data on changes in the morphological composition of blood in tularemia are available in a number of works, however, this issue cannot be considered fully illuminated and developed.

Serological studies in syphilis have opened a new era in diagnosis, in the recognition of the latent forms of the process. It is quite clear that the task of the researchers was to clarify the essence of these reactions, to clarify their formulation and at the same time to significantly simplify the technique for the possibility of their wider application.

Despite the fact that the scientific development of the issue of anorectal gonorrhea in women began as early as 1789 and a solid modern literature has already accumulated on this subject, there are still many controversial issues in the field of diagnosis and clinic of this disease.

Papulonecrotic tuberculid is characterized by the formation of small infiltrates in the skin, ranging in size from millet grain to lentils, protruding slightly above the skin, dense to the touch, usually not giving any subjective sensations, yellowish pink in fresh cases, later bluish brown. This process is localized mainly on the extensor surfaces of the limbs and leaves behind pigmented scars. The rash does not erupt immediately, and we see at the same time both younger and older rashes, scars and pigmentation at the site of the disappeared elements. In the center of some efflorescences, yellow dots are noted, resembling a pustule, but containing no pus, but a necrotic mass. These yellow dots gradually turn into a greyish brown crust. Sometimes papules dissolve without a trace, but more often they leave behind a deep pigmented scar. Subsequently, the pigmentation disappears and white scars remain. The disease lasts for years in the form of separate outbreaks.

Although the etiology and pathogenesis of the boil seems to be sufficiently studied, this disease is still common.

The doctrine of the hemato-encephalic (h-e) barrier is a relatively new chapter in the normal and pathological physiology of the body. Having arisen as a result of a comparative study of the composition of blood and cerebrospinal fluid, this initially small section of "liquorology" within a short period of time turned into a harmonious theory of the barrier mechanism of the central nervous system, the functional role of which is reduced to regulating the composition of cerebrospinal fluid and fencing the central nervous system (c.n.s) from circulating in the blood of harmful substances that arise in the body itself or penetrate into it from the outside.

The diagnosis of kidney and ureteral stones is currently not particularly difficult. According to Jeanbrot, errors in the diagnosis of ureteral stones in half of the cases depend on insufficient research.

In obstetric practice, cases of premature separation of the placenta are not common. So, according to the combined statistics of Geyter, this phenomenon is observed in 0.12% of all genera. According to other authors, the frequency of premature separation of the placenta ranges from 0.13% to 0.18%. Cases of complete separation of the placenta at the end of pregnancy are especially rare in the same woman in two pregnancies following one after the other. We have seen such a case; its description is of some interest.

Outpatients often refer patients to the typhoid ward of the clinic with a diagnosis of typhoid fever or paratyphoid fever. These diagnoses are usually based on a positive Vidal reaction. However, in a number of cases, even when Vidal's repeated serological tests gave us positive results, we recognized such patients as malarial, based on the absence of a clinical picture of typhoid and the presence of plasm in the blood, vіvах. The fact that the laboratory and clinic often encounter nonspecific agglutination reactions in the sera of various patients is, of course, not news at the present time. This has long been noted with tuberculosis (Sokolovsky, Neiman), with helminthic diseases (Esfindiev and others). We would like to emphasize this fact in malaria patients.

In a public meeting of the Council of the Kazan State Medical Institute on June 28, 1938, I.A. Oyvin defended his work "Redox potential of blood in physiology and pathology" as a dissertation for a doctorate degree in medical sciences.

The authors used sulfanilamide and its derivatives for diseases of the middle ear and mastoiditis caused by beta-hemolytic streptococcus. They observed three patients with meningitis, one with sterile meningitis, one with perisinous abscess and septicemia, and one with post-scarlet mastoiditis.

The authors cite the case history of a 21-year-old female patient who, under the influence of streptocide, not only developed cyanosis, but also showed a decrease in the ability of the blood to absorb oxygen.

(Bornholm is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea). This general febrile disease described by Syloest is expressed by sudden onset of pain in the muscles of the trunk, less often in the muscles of the limbs, severe headache, hiccups, vomiting, constipation, while objectively no deviations from the norm can be found in the internal organs.

The author gives the case history of 10 elderly people, over 63 years of age, who were prescribed prolonged bed rest on the occasion of orthopedic treatment, and this circumstance, apparently, was the reason that hastened their death.

A 31-year-old man contracted syphilis for the first time in 1924 when he had a chancre of a preputial sac with profuse treponema.

When carrying out antisyphilitic treatment, the liver is assigned the function of assimilating the chemicals used for therapy.

The Wasserman reaction is known to require a significant amount of ingredients and is quite complex. The reaction suggested by the authors is very simple; only a drop of blood is required and the reading of the results is done with a microscope.

The author was looking for a pale spirochete in apparently healthy skin 50 syphilis patients and 10 healthy ones in the skin.

The authors used the method of cataphoresis according to Theorell to purify the preparation and found that the flocculating part of the diphtheria antigen is a pure protein.

Jenner also believed that the children of vaccinated mothers are somewhat immune to the vaccine. The study of this issue later caused considerable disagreement among researchers.

Callous ulcers of the rectum are sometimes mistaken for a malignant inoperable tumor and produce a colostomy. In such cases, patients live for a long time and all previous local phenomena cease.

The effect of spinal anesthesia in acute postoperative intestinal obstruction was first reported by Wagner in 1920.

The author notes the rarity of the disease of tubular bones with tumors of this kind.

Dr. Altshuler. Report on the work of nursery No. 6. Nursery No. 6 has been in existence for 3½ years. During this time, 1,400 children were missed, of which 986 were Tatars. The nursery has 7 groups. Each is in a separate room.

Demonstration.

1) Dr. A.M. Leizerovsky. A case of ichthyosis after treatment with gravidan.