Vol 64, No 2 (1983)

The physiological role of mediators is a historically developed problem that has become the subject of numerous studies by Kazan physiologists.

According to modern concepts, atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries and its clinical manifestation - coronary artery disease (CHD) — are caused by three main factors: dyslipoproteidemia. violation of the blood clot-forming system and vascular wall permeability. In terms of timely detection and treatment of this disease, the greatest attention is paid to dyslipoproteidemia. It is known that in the blood plasma of most patients with coronary heart disease, along with a possible increase in the concentration of low- and very low-density lipoproteins (LI), VLDL), there is a decrease in the concentration of high-density LI (LIBI). At the same time, in population studies, an increased frequency of cases of coronary heart disease was noted among persons with these disorders in the plasma LI system. Similar changes were found in patients with peripheral obliterating atherosclerosis, which, in all likelihood, have some common pathogenetic links with coronary atherosclerosis [8J. This correlation of biochemical and clinical data is mainly due to the ability of LDL and VLDL (that is, WHETHER containing a specific apoprotein B) to give cholesterol to cell membranes both through endocytosis and by a non-receptor mechanism during contact interaction with the cell [11]. At the same time, HDL, which has recently been called "anti-atherogenic", is not only able to accept cholesterol from cell membranes, transporting it to the liver, but also to inhibit the capture of endothelial cells of the LINI, inhibit cell proliferation and synthesis of aortic glycosaminoglycans [5]. These specific properties of individual classes of LP necessitate the search for ways to target the plasma LP system in order to reduce the concentration of apo-B-containing LP and increase the level of HDL. At the same time, with a number of dietary and drug effects that reduce the concentration of cholesterol in plasma (and, consequently, the level of LDL - its main transport form), for example, with a diet with polyunsaturated fatty acids or taking a number of drugs, in particular probucol [12], the concentration of anti—atherogenic HDL also decreases, which undoubtedly reduces the therapeutic effectiveness of these effects.

In the last decade, controlled hemodilution has been widely used in clinical practice. This technique has a number of positive properties: it helps to improve blood rheology, restore microcirculation, reduce total peripheral resistance, coagulation potential of blood, increase cardiac output with lower energy consumption in the myocardium [2, 4, 5-7]. During prolonged and traumatic surgical interventions, central and peripheral circulatory disorders are possible, especially in elderly and senile people and in patients with concomitant diseases of vital body systems. To stabilize hemodynamic parameters at an optimal level during surgery against the background of adequate anesthesia, the tactics of infusion therapy is essential [1, 3].

It can be considered established that the origin and development of tumor cells are based on disorders of metabolic processes and protein synthesis, in the regulation of which the endocrine system plays a very important role. Despite this, many issues related to the features of the functional morphology of various parts of the endocrine system in patients with malignant tumors remain unexplored, and they have become the goal of our research.

Preoperative preparation of patients with toxic goiter remains a difficult and urgent problem for surgeons and endocrinologists. One of the effective methods of preoperative preparation of patients with thyrotoxicosis is the combined use of mercazolil with inorganic iodine preparations, reserpine, beta-adreno blockers, ganglioblockers. However, a number of authors [2, 5], using iodine and bromine preparations with mercazolil, did not note a significant thyrostatic effect and therefore such a combination was considered unjustified. Antithyroid therapy with mercazolil, along with positive, has a number of negative aspects: it has a goitre effect, inhibits hematopoiesis in large doses, is contraindicated in pregnant women, and most importantly, is often ineffective. There are patients who are completely resistant to mercazolil [1].

Flat hemangiomas are the most common congenital pathology. In the overwhelming majority, they are localized on the face [1-3] in the form of pink, red, burgundy spots of various sizes, sometimes occupying a large half of the face. The problem of treating flat hemangiomas continues to be relevant, since there is no universal method that allows in all cases to eliminate the cosmetic defect of facial skin coloring. One of the ways to treat the color discrepancy of the facial skin in this pathology is surgical tattooing with neutral dyes, which must meet the following requirements: 1) do not be toxic to the body and do not cause changes in the cellular elements of the skin, 2) be resistant to external factors, 3) do not dissolve, firmly located at the site of initial administration, and do not stain the underlying tissues.

Many years of experience in the use of hyposensitization has given her a well-deserved reputation as the most justified and effective method of treating allergic diseases. Proposed back in 1911 [25], it is still the main method of specific hyposensitizing therapy, the effectiveness of which is 60-80% in bronchial asthma of atopic forms and 45-55% in infectious and allergic diseases [1a, b, 4].

One of the trends in the development of modern medicine is the use of detoxification methods in the treatment of patients with various pathological processes. These include hemodialysis and hemosorption. In the latter, unlike hemodialysis, large-molecular compounds are removed from the body. Hemosorption has taken a firm place in the complex treatment of exogenous intoxication, liver, kidney pathology, neuropsychiatric and skin diseases.

The aim of the work was to study the state of microcirculation in athletes and its dynamics under the influence of metered load and special training.

Leffler's endocarditis is a rare and little-known disease to a wide range of practitioners. It was first described in 1936 by Leffler and named fibroplastic parietal endocarditis with eosinophilia. It is characterized by heart damage, high blood eosinophilia and leukocytosis. At the same time, symptoms associated with developing eosinophilic vasculitis of various internal organs (lungs, kidneys, spleen, liver, etc.) are observed. With this heart lesion, significant endocardial fibrosis appears, primarily parietal, there is an increase in collagen fibers, infiltration by lymphocytes and eosinophils of the endocardium and myocardium. A large number of parietal blood clots are formed in the cavities of the heart. A sharp thickening of the parietal endocardium and massive thrombotic layers on its surface create an unyielding framework from the inside, which leads to the development of severe rapidly progressive heart failure. The complexity of the diagnosis of the disease is due to the extreme polymorphism of the clinical picture. Leffler's endocarditis should be assumed with a combination of progressive heart failure (if its size is almost normal) with pronounced eosinophilia of the blood.

I., 35 years old, was admitted to the maternity ward of the CRH on 14/V 1980 with a diagnosis: pregnancy of 40 weeks. 2nd urgent delivery, transverse fetal position, placenta previa.

Varicose veins of the spermatic cord are among the pathological conditions, the genesis of which is largely unclear, and the methods of treatment are very imperfect.

The aim of the work was to study the peculiarities of the growth and development of the contingent of young people who entered the Astrakhan Medical Institute in 1980 and 1981, and to identify differences in physical development compared to students from other fields.

Scientists and traumatologists of the RSFSR, Ukraine, Lithuania, Estonia, Moldova, Azerbaijan and other Union republics took part in the work of the III Congress of Traumatologists-orthopedists of the Republics of Central Asia and Kazakhstan. The congress program included the following issues: prevention of childhood injuries, diagnosis and treatment of combined limb injuries, diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic diseases in children.

The XI All-Union Congress of Pediatricians was devoted to topical issues of child health protection in the USSR, physiology and pathology of newborns, allergic conditions and allergic diseases in children.

The book is devoted to the study of homeostasis in surgical patients with some of the most common diseases (purulent surgical infection, acute appendicitis, acute cholecystitis, acute pancreatitis, acute intestinal obstruction, peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum, acute peritonitis, suppurative diseases of the lungs and pleura, burn disease). The monograph is based on many years of the authors' own observations and the large collectives led by them, it critically analyzes the data of modern literature. Of particular value to the book is the combination of issues of a clinical approach with deep theoretical research, the widespread use of the results of achievements of theoretical sciences and pharmacology in everyday surgical practice.

March 18, 1983 marked the 70th anniversary of the birth and 45 years of scientific and pedagogical activity of the Honored Doctor of the TASSR, Honored Scientist of the TASSR, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Zainab Nazipovna Yakubova.