Vol 19, No 1 (1923)

According to most authors, the signs of polyneuritis in pigeons and hens are the following disorders: loss of appetite, emaciation, limb paralysis and convulsions of the neck muscles, resulting in the characteristic tilting back of the head occurring 1-3 days before death and appearing as seizures from 5 to 10 times a day, especially at external stimulation.

Preparation of Endo medium according to the original method means making large quantities of at least one liter of it. Preparing small amounts of it involves a waste of materials, because in this case, a relatively large part of the alcohol and fuchsin is spent on wetting the dishes and filter. In addition, a significant portion of the fuchsin, due to its incomplete solubility, remains on the filter during filtration.

After birth, for about 6 hours, the baby's mouth and intestines are free from germs. From the 2nd-4th day, anaerobes begin to predominate in the intestines, whereas in the mouth, due to greater aeration of the latter, up to the time of teething, anaerobes, according to Brailovskaya-Lunkevich, are rare, and according to Zilz, even permanently absent. This picture changes sharply with the appearance of teeth: the spaces between them and the gum folds, as places of stagnation of food particles, provide a reliable refuge for anaerobic microorganisms; and in the mouth of the child appear spirochaetes and spindle-shaped bacilli.

The syndrome of this disease is observed in gunshot injuries of large nerve trunks, abundantly supplied with vessels, and is expressed in unbearable, burning and stabbing pains, which are aggravated at physical and mental distresses of the patient. These pains usually come on the 2nd week after the injury and do not give the patient any rest day or night. At the same time, vasomotor disorders are detected in the patients.

While studying cases of organic lesions of the central nervous system, we noticed a great inequality of the reflexogenic wontons of the dorsum of the foot in relation to reflexes of the toe-plantar flexion type, which forced us to study this issue in more detail.

The treatment of diabetes mellitus, in spite of numerous attempts to use various medicines, remains to this day strictly diætic, and in severe cases of diabetes the diet, as it is known, does not lead to reduction of hyperglycaemia, does not stop glycosuria, and the patient remains under constant threat of diabetic coma, at the appearance of which our therapy most often does not give results. Such a state of affairs in the treatment of diabetes is connected with our very imperfect ideas about the essence of the processes underlying the disease, and if the chemical and biological deviations in the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats in diabetes are more or less studied, then the pathogenesis of this disease remains largely unexplained.

Studying inactivated blood plasma of pregnant women and newborns, the authors note a number of phenomena proceeding differently in plasma of one or another origin.

Saccharin, discovered in 1884 by Fahlberg, has found itself, especially in recent times, widely used in folk nutrition, why it is quite natural that the effect of this agent on the human and animal body has become the subject of numerous works.

A new chemotherapeutic agent released under the name "Bayer 205" finally solves the question of the treatment of sleeping sickness. The composition of the product has not been published, but it contains neither Hg, As, nor Sb. In experiments on trypanosome-infected animals it proved to be an unmistakable therapeutic agent.

It is known that during typhus there is an increase in blood coagulation, and the organism is poisoned with nucleoprotein - thrombokinase. Neutralizing the effect of the latter with the help of substances lowering blood clotting, a favorable effect can be expected.

On the basis of studies of sympathetic ganglia in croupic pneumonia, Spanish flu and catarrhal bronchopneumonia, the author concludes that in croupic pneumonia vascular changes are more significant than in other pulmonary inflammations, while in Spanish flu and bronchopneumonia the nerve apparatus is particularly affected.

Muscular rheumatism can be referred to a series of hyperalgesic phenomena, which are caused by infections intoxications due to fatigue psychogenically and finally from a cold. These phenomena may appear as myalgia, neuralgia, arthralgia, painful fascias and tendons.

The author cites 54 of his own observations, of which 27 cases were treated surgically (13 cures, 3 improvements-but with fistulas 11 deaths) and 27 cases were treated with drugs (16 cures, 3 improvements, 5 no improvements, 3 deaths).

Observing the recent cases of hiccups in Petrograd, Aronovich, based on the clinical course of this disease, the only symptom of which is extremely distressing hiccups, appearing quite suddenly in healthy people, sometimes at night, not treatable and just as suddenly disappearing in 3-4 days, believes that these cases can be attributed to the epidemic of encephalitis lethargica.

After reviewing a very extensive material (977 operations on the stomach), the author was convinced that ulcéra peptica jejuni occur exclusively after operations undertaken for benign gastric diseases and related to gastroenterostomy, but never after surgical treatment of cancers of this organ.

Proceeding from the idea that gastroptosis is the result of relaxation and overstretching of the stomach musculature rather than relaxation of the ligaments suspending the stomach, the author suggests a new operation to eliminate this anomaly, which is reduced to the formation of a longitudinal fold on the stomach.

Having worked out experimentally on animals and technically on cadavers the question of tendon transplantation - which operation can be successfully used in the operative treatment of polymyelitidis anterioris - the author recommends transplantation of tendons with their sheath and peritenonium, so that their vital connection would not be broken.

Very often the settling of the superior parts of the spine over the tubercularly destroyed vertebral bodies is extremely slow and insignificant, so that sometimes, with the destruction of 4 or even more vertebrae in a row, kyphosis almost or even completely does not develop The reason lies in the lively transformation processes that adapt the bone system to the altered mechanical conditions.

During the past war, the author observed the development of this suffering depending on the poisoning by war gases.

In 2 cases of severe lacrimation after removal of the lacrimal sac, the authors obtained excellent results from lacrimal gland X-raying.

The author described a case where an ectopic 6-7-month-old fetus remained in the abdominal cavity for 35 years without causing any distress to the mother, and was not removed surgically until the woman was 62 years old.

Although the bad prognostic value of the presence of hemolytic streptococci in the genital secretions of women in labor and delivery has been disputed on different sides, yet numerous studies have convinced the author that hemolysis in this case is indeed signum mali ominis, and this applies not only to streptococci, but also to other representatives of the microbial flora of the female genital canal.

In contrast to the established view, the author concluded on the basis of bacteriological investigations that infection from the baby's mouth is very rarely the cause of breast infections; the same should be said about infection of the breasts with the contents of the baby's rectum and lochia.

The author reports interesting data about this operation from the Stöckel Clinic in Kiel.

The author again points out the excellent results which X-rays give in pruritus vulvae. The technique he uses, however, met with lively objections in the German literature: he gives 2 times a week ½ ED through a filter of 3 mil aluminum, repeating X-ray sessions 10-15 times in a row, i.e. his patients over the course of 7½ weeks get 7 ½ ED, a quantity at which there is a risk of severe burns.

The authors report a peculiar disease, hitherto not described in the literature, observed in one asylum of r. Mülheimer'a. in Germany. The disease was clinically expressed by nausea, vomiting, dizziness, ptosis, diplopia, absence of pupil response to light and their dilation, Babinski's symptom, paraesthesias, nasal speech, difficulty in swallowing, cyanosis, Cheyne-Stokes breathing with good, regular pulse and normal temperature.

The author draws attention to the importance in the diagnosis of many diseases of the central nervous system of the sign, first noticed, in 1904, by Gordon. The sign is that if you make a patient bend his leg and rotate his tibia slightly outward, press deeply with four (II-V) fingers of one or, even better, both hands on the most distal third of the calf muscles, then, as in the Babinsk's sign, you get a sluggish, isolated dorsal flexion of the big toe.

The author observed a case of incessant noise in the head, which disappeared on pressing the left carotid artery. The cause of this phenomenon, according to the author, was a tumor in the quadriplegic region.

Based on the fact that the main symptom of epilepsy, seizures, depends not only on the state of the brain, but also on the irritability of muscles, the latter being - as shown by experiments on animals and observations in humans - depending, inter alia, on the activity of the adrenal glands, Fischer proposed in epilepsy to remove the latter surgically.

According to Woolf, dream states are not uncommon in neurotics suffering from phobias. The psychoanalysis of these states belongs to C. Abraham. In these dream states or "states of unreality," there is a sequence and pattern of development.

According to Hofstadt, two phases can be distinguished in this disease: acute, and late. The first can proceed in one of 5 forms: purely encephalitic, Landry paralysis (always fatal), meningitic, myelitic and, finally, abortive.

Proceeding from the assumption that the lymph glands of our body serve as a place of production and accumulation of specific antibodies at tuberculosis infection, the author suggests using for therapeutic purposes injections of extracts or glands from the same patient or extracted from another. He considers the most suitable glands in the stage of swelling and edema; he cautions against using extracts from softening and lumpy glands.

The author suggests local application of neosalvarsan in the form of intradermal injections of its solutions (0.15:40 or 0.15:15 in saline solution) in the amount of 1-1½ divisions of the Rravatz'ev syringe both into the wart itself and into the deeper underlying skin layers.

Prof. B.'s pamphlet is a summary of works on tuberculosis immunity. The very name of its author speaks for its scientific and authoritative nature. The latter very modestly declares in the preface that his work claims neither originality nor completeness; in fact, he has covered this part of the tuberculosis doctrine with almost complete completeness.

Solemn meeting 4/I in memory of Pasteur (together with the Kazan Society of Naturalists, Scientific Assemblies of Doctors Kaz. Clin. Institute and Kaz. Society of Veterinary Physicians).
Prof. V.S.Gruzdev. Life and Writings of Louis Pasteur. (With screen demonstrations).