Vol 41, No 2 (1960)

Concern for protecting the health of the people has always occupied an honorable place in the multifaceted creative activities of the Communist Party and the Soviet government. This Resolution is far superior in scale to all previous ones, and therefore it acquires the role of a major event in the history of Soviet health care. Such an assessment of him has already found reflection in the press and in numerous statements by medical workers, as well as all Soviet people. The government's decision to direct part of the funds released as a result of the ongoing reduction in the size of the Soviet Army to improve health care was warmly approved by the entire Soviet people. While in the capitalist countries, under the conditions of the continuing arms race, budgetary allocations for health care are negligible in comparison with the needs of the population, and medicine remains a subject of business, in our country the implementation of such measures turned out to be possible under the conditions of building a communist society.

Another 40-60 years of the last century were years of great searches for the location of the respiratory center. Flourens, Longet, on the basis of studies carried out at different levels of the central nervous system, put forward a hypothesis that in the medulla oblongata, corresponding to the X level of the pair of cranial nerves, there is a point - "noeud vital" - vital node — 1 mm in size, damage to which is instantly accompanied by respiratory arrest. But searches for the anatomical localization of this node were in vain, and the question of the source of stimulation of respiratory movements was not resolved either.

In the clinical and physiological literature, there are many works that describe the decrease in blood pressure that occurs in healthy people after various physical activities. The decrease reached 20-30 mm and continued, depending on the work done, for a considerable time, sometimes for many hours in a row [P. K. Gorbachev, A. N. Ivanov, A. N. Krestovnikov, Lowsley, Eskildsen and many others].

Local infiltration anesthesia, developed and widely introduced into practice by A. V. Vishnevsky, as well as representatives of the Kazan school of surgeons: S. M. Alekseev, A. A.Vishnevsky, I. V. Domrachev, N. V. Sokolov, Yu. Ratner, played a huge role in the development of surgery and contributed to a decrease in the operating and postoperative mortality of patients. According to the statistical data of V. I. Struchkov (1954), this type of anesthesia in the hospitals of the Soviet Union was used in 72-80% of surgical patients.

Surgical intervention on the organs of the chest cavity is unthinkable without the choice of a rational method of anesthesia, which significantly determines the radical nature of the operation and - very often - its immediate outcome. Anesthesia with the help of small doses of ordinary narcotic substances with their intensification with lytic mixtures is called potentiated anesthesia.

Medial non-punctured fractures of the femoral neck in their consequences refer to severe injuries of the musculoskeletal system and are found mainly in elderly and senile people. The surgical method for treating such fractures is generally accepted. But this problem has a number of unresolved issues, so it remains relevant and needs further study. In our institute, for a hip fracture, the osteosynthesis technique proposed by BA Petrov and EF Nenov is mainly used, but we have undergone some changes. Thus, new devices and devices have been developed and introduced into practice, allowing to achieve complete anesthesia during the operation, to reduce the X-ray irradiation of the patient, to select the required length of the pin in advance and to insert it accurately.

Tissue therapy, developed and introduced into medical practice by Academician V.P. Filatov, became widespread in the Soviet Union and attracted everyone's attention. This prompted us to use the tissue therapy method in the treatment of amenorrhea, both primary and secondary. For replanting, we used earlier the ovary and spleen of the calf, and later we began to use the placenta of puerperas. The fabrics were prepared according to the temporary instructions of the USSR Ministry of Health from 27 / VII-50.

Cases of ectopic pregnancy observed in the obstetric and gynecological clinic of the Kazan Medical Institute for the period from 1900 to 1944 were analyzed and described by prof. A. I. Timofeev (1900-25), prof. V. S. Gruzdev (1926-30), Assoc. H. H. Mescherov (1933-35) and assistant N. I. Frolova (1936-44). There were 828 of them. Continuing the study of this issue, we analyzed another 546 case histories of patients treated in the same clinic from 1945 to 1954.

Lupus erythematosus is one of the difficult to treat dermatoses. The etiology and pathogenesis of lupus erythematosus remain unclear. Modern medicine for the treatment of this disease does not have specific means. None of the drugs used to treat lupus erythematosus are radical, and none of them prevents relapse.

The relationship between the functional state of the thyroid gland and the development of atherosclerosis is well known. V. V. Tatarsky and V.D. Tsinzerling, T. A. On the other hand, N. N. Kipshidze and M. A. Levchenko, V. G. Spesivtseva, A. M. Shishova observed a weakening of the thyroid function in rabbits with experimental atherosclerosis.

Chronic hemolytic anemia with predominantly intravascular hemolysis was described as early as 1908 by Chaoferard and Troisier (2 cases). In 1911 Markiafava identified this disease as a peculiar form of anemia, and in 1928 Micheli gave a detailed description of the disease. In the domestic literature, individual diseases of this kind have been described more than once. Since the pathogenesis and therapy of this disease remain unclear, the description of the clinic and therapy of even isolated cases deserves publication.

Rupture of the pancreas with closed abdominal trauma is rare in surgical practice. Based on this, we decided to publish our observation. B-noi S., 29 years old, was admitted to the hospital surgical clinic at 7 o'clock. 12 / ІХ- 58, diagnosed with closed abdominal trauma. Complains of pain throughout the abdomen and shortness of breath. Six hours ago I was hit in the stomach by a winch. Morphine was injected at the river port health center.

Sciatic hernia is extremely rare. AP Krymov in his monograph "The Teaching of Hernias" provides data on 30 cases of sciatic hernia. After A.P. Krymov, Russian literature describes 4 cases of sciatic hernia in adults. Our observation concerns a newborn boy who was born on 31 / X-58 with a weight of 3250 g from healthy parents, and on 31 / XI-58 to the children's surgical department. As it turned out, immediately after the birth, no visible deformities were found, and only a certain general lethargy of the child paid attention. On the second day, the child's condition worsened, the temperature rose to 38 °, bloating, abdominal muscle tension, and vomiting appeared. Stool and urination were normal. On close examination, the pediatrician discovered a swelling in the area of ​​the right buttock, mistook it for an inflammatory infiltrate, and prescribed an ointment compress and intramuscular penicillin.

Ectopia of the bladder is a relatively rare congenital malformation. According to B. N. Koltsov, one case of ectopia occurs per 40,000 population. With congenital cleft of the bladder, there is, as is known, a constant flow of urine, that is, its complete incontinence.

Until February 1958, the ambulance station in Kazan, as in most cities of the Russian Federation, operated independently of the “home help” carried out separately by each district polyclinic in the city. The disunity of ambulance and "home help" introduced many organizational difficulties into the service of the population, and often led to the fact that therapeutic patients generally remained without medical assistance at home at night. This was explained by the fact that “home help” at polyclinics was provided by one doctor on duty, who himself accepted calls and, as they accumulated, at his own discretion (alone, without a nurse) went to service, having 5-6 calls on hand. In the absence of a doctor in the polyclinic, no one was left on the phone, and many patients, not receiving medical help through the polyclinic, had to go to the ambulance, which, in turn, could not cope with the duties of the polyclinics of the entire city. Therefore, the night home help service was clearly underperforming, making a very limited number of calls.

As you know, the fight against houseflies plays an important role in the prevention of many infections. To kill houseflies, we used chlorophos, known abroad as dipterix and Bayer-13/59, which was provided to us by the Chemical Institute of the Kazan branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

At present, the interest of scientists and doctors in the problem of longevity is extremely high. This, in particular, is evidenced by the IV International Congress of Gerontologists that took place in Italy in 1957 and the conference on the problem of longevity held in Moscow (1959), in which a large number of scientists took part. Issues of life extension are being worked out very intensively at the Institute of Geriatrics in the Romanian People's Republic. In our country, one of the first to start working on this problem, a special institute of gerontology has been created in Kiev, and the organization of a central institute in Moscow is planned. The problem of longevity is being actively studied in many universities and, in particular, in Moscow and Kharkov universities.

An introductory report on modern trends in oncology was made by IV Davydovsky (Moscow), who emphasized that tumors are a general biological process and, in principle, not a social disease, despite their great importance for humanity; in the external environment there is no specific non-competitive factor in the emergence of tumors, and the essence of tumors is in biological and histochemical transformations that change the course of morphogenetic processes. Of major importance in the pathogenesis of tumors are special products arising in the process of tissue life and representing specific metabolites. The problem of a cancer cell requires further in-depth cytological development.

The conference heard 69 reports from the Soviet Union, as well as China, Poland and Bulgaria. It should be noted that the question of the nature of the bacteriophage has been controversial until recently. A big brake on the recognition of its living nature was the avisuality of the bacteriophage, which did not make it possible to confirm its corpuscularity. Only with the introduction of electron microscopy, electrophoresis, chromatography, the use of radioactive isotopes, data were obtained that not only prove the corpuscular nature of the phage, but also many details of its structure, metabolism, chemical composition, etc. have been discovered. Most modern researchers recognize the living nature of the bacteriophage, considering it a virus , a parasite of bacteria that infects microbial cells.

The fight against postpartum atonic bleeding is carried out using mechanical (massage of the uterus, pressing the aorta, tamponade of the uterine cavity), thermal (ice on the uterine region) and pharmacological (pituitrin, ergotine, etc.), which are usually used in combination with one another. When it is not possible to stop bleeding by the listed measures, they resort to amputation or extirpation of the uterus. However, it is not always possible to perform the operation in a timely manner, especially in rural conditions, as a result of which maternal mortality from postpartum hemorrhage is high.

Puncture of the vein of the elbow bend with an ordinary sharpened needle with good technique causes only slight pain in the donor. However, when taking blood for transfusion, due to the large diameter of the Dufo needle, a certain effort is still required from the donor to overcome pain, which can be significant in some subjects. Striving to maximize donor sparing during blood donation is necessary not only for reasons of humanity, but also in order to attract a larger number of donors.

On January 19, 1960, the public of Kazan celebrated the 80th anniversary of his birth and the 55th anniversary of the medical, scientific, pedagogical and social activities of the Honored Scientist of the RSFSR and TASSR, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Kazan Medical Institute, the most prominent hygienist of our country Valerian Vladimirovich Miloslavsky.

In № 1 for 1960 "Kazan Medzhurnal" "Notes on medical thinking and the problem of technology in the field of internal medicine" by prof. A. M. Sigal are of undoubted interest. The author rightly points out that the rapid progress of technology, which we are witnessing, cannot, however, replace the doctor's thinking, and convincingly argues with those who believe that electronic machines, "diagnostic machines" will be able to solve complex issues of differential diagnosis for the doctor and accurately characterize certain features of the disease in a particular individual. As a matter of fact, such "technicalism" can hardly captivate a wide circle of Soviet doctors, who perfectly understand that coding (in terms of symptomatology) of an electronic machine will never be able to reveal in its entirety the complex process of analyzing anamnestic data, objective, laboratory and instrumental research, a combination of diseases , the possibilities of therapy, - a uniquely individual process of making a diagnosis.

The successful development of modern agriculture requires the widespread use of a number of chemicals used for fertilization, weeding crops (weed control), for processing seeds and crops, destroying pests and pathogens of crops, finished products. Many of these substances, called pesticides, are highly toxic to humans and animals. Therefore, it is necessary to develop effective measures to prevent the adverse effects of pesticides on human health. So far, clearly not enough is being done in this regard. It is necessary to study the methods of using chemicals, taking into account local crops and climatic conditions, the safety of chemical products after their intended use in cereals, fruits, vegetables. Sanitary-biological laboratories in rural areas should possess methods for the chemical determination of the content of pesticides in food.