Vol 27, No 6 (1931)

GJadotto xalqnbq artubn (ysyen) ejrongondo anbq taniqji yzgore^en (xorokoten) kyrsotyce tuucblbq horn ylycelek koiîitsientlarb isoplono hom §uqa qarap xalqnbq ar tub bom kimye turnda хѳкт itelo. Bu jul (mitod) praktik jaqjnnan Bzne вег doroço qonaqjotlondrso do xalqnb ejrony Bion Bojlongon zurmaq mos’ololorne xol ity ecen, xalqnbq yrcyeno torle içtimaqji, iqtisadi horn Biologie ïaktorlarbnbq to’siren kyrsoty ecen jarap Btmi, kyp vaqtta jalqjb^ notiçolor tudmu ixtimalb ваг. Sunnqtan, ogor do îonni nigzgo qorlqjan вітпог віоп itorgo tlosok, yzeszneq praktik кігѳкіогевег ecndo tuucblbq, ylycelek koiîitsientlarb віоп gno qonaqjotlonmico yrcy^{[1] [2] [3] [4]}) hom joçoycelek koiîitsientlarbn da isoplorgo moç- вуг BulaBbz. Bu koiîitsientlarqja ketlmogon hom iknce urnda tora tor- qjan soBoplor to’sir itmilor, alar turbdan-turb xalqnbq yrcye qyoten hom anbq ylep Bty tortißen kyrsotolor. Ikncedon, ajrbm terkem, §ulaj uq terle rajonda terle corlarda jo oyce xalqlarnnq yrcy hom josoy- celek koiîitsientlarbn yz ar a caqjçtwu memkin, tun hom ylycelek koi îitsientlarbn iso, аіагпь standartla§tbru julb віоп gno сао]§іьгьр виіа, ви jul вік çiqel tygel.

Despite the fact that the diagnosis of lyuetic aortic diseases has recently been significantly clarified, despite the polysymptomicity of this disease, nevertheless, there are still a lot of unresolved issues regarding symptomatology, clinical course and their therapy.

In the second issue of the Kazan Medical Journal for this year, Prof. A. A. Kisel published an article entitled "To the doctrine of the absolute symptom complex"; this article is a further development of the thoughts expressed by Prof. Kissel in 1929 in the message "To the doctrine of the absolute symptom" (Medical case, No. 21). In this, the first in time, article, the author, having listed several symptoms characteristic of certain diseases (small nodules on the tendons in rheumatism, the course of temperature in malaria and Gochkin's diseases, cough in whooping cough, ulcer on the cheek in nome, etc.) proposed to call such symptoms "absolute". Pointing out that the clinic of many diseases has not been studied enough, he urged doctors to develop it and identify "absolute symptoms" for other diseases as well. The second article presents the symptomatic complexes typical for one or another disease: for croup pneumonia, for the onset of acute articular rheumatism, for the disease 8I1YA, dysentery, malaria, whooping cough and asthma. Considering that "the best way to treat diseases is to set baseline standards for all kinds of diseases", and that "only those diseases that have an absolute symptom complex can be identified", the author recommends that doctors study such "absolute symptom complexes" at the patient's bedside. "We can't wait," he says, "until the laboratory finds a way to distinguish some diseases from others." In both articles there are a number of indications that the laboratory, and especially bacteriology, did not justify the hopes placed on them. "It's time to put a limit to the hobby of the laboratory bias," says the first conclusion of the first article. It is necessary to "beat the lights out" in relation to the fascination of clinicians with bacteriology-it is said in the second article. In this regard, the author recalls that Prof. B ve se r, the predecessor of S. P. Botkin's department at the Military Medical Academy, considered it possible to recognize diseases by smell, for example, smallpox during suppuration-by the smell of a "sweating goose".

Of the various issues raised in the revision of the clinical doctrine of appendicitis, relatively little attention is paid to the technique of appendectomy. Meanwhile, it cannot be said that everything is going well in this area. Here, for the most part, absolute fidelity prevails to a typical intervention in the form of an oblique incision by Mass or Riedel with an invagination method of processing the stump of an amputated process. This typical technique often acquires the character of a frozen form, from the clutches of which surgical technique cannot be freed, despite the fact that the method of operation not only restricts the thought and movement of the surgeon, but also sometimes does not allow to construct the most rational surgical care.

The steady development of electrotherapy in recent years, based on a number of experimental studies and favorable clinical observations conducted on a large material, put electrotherapy in a prominent place among conservative methods of treating gynecological diseases. In particular, ionotherapy, as one of the methods of electrotherapy, is gradually gaining a prominent place in this regard.

X-ray diagnostics of diseases of the digestive canal, in particular chronic ulcers, gastritis and carcinoma, already at the very beginning of its development, sought to catch those direct signs that would allow reading the pathological substrate from the X-ray picture, without neglecting, of course, the functional data of the clinical picture (Golcknext, Kestle, Forsell). When he first constructed the radiological semiotics of the picture of the stomach and intestines based on the study of the anatomy and physiology of the digestive apparatus, he paid special attention to the picture of the so-called groove. the relief of the mucus of the stoi, which was obtained-in contrast to the silhouette of a completely filled stomach or intestines-after the introduction of a very small amount (1-2 sips) of contrast suspension during the study. With this method, it was possible to cover the entire surface and all the depressions of the mucosa with a thin layer of contrast mass and to obtain an image on the X-ray picture in the likeness of a bas-relief, on which all the veins, normal (état mamelonné) and pathological folds with all the functional and morphological features characteristic of this condition of the mucosa clearly protruded. This relief of the mucous surface of the bile or intestines in the X-ray picture differs from the picture in endoscopy in that it is a black-and-white drawing. Forsel's works at the time did not find sufficient guardianship in the "ilu of the abundance of data with which his studies were rich. Discussions about his works concerned mainly the painting of Si luet and its interpretation depending on the muscular structure of the abdomen and intestines. The technique of studying the relief of the internal walls of the gastrointestinal apparatus was used only by chance at the screen and was systematically rolled out more than once. It was only later that the students of Forselz, Okerlund, and especially Berg devoted themselves to the study of the relief of the mucous membrane of the digestive canal in various diseases. They also moved the question of the role and nature of mucosal changes in ulcers, gastritis, colitis and tumors from a dead point, and we already have a significant amount of work on the issue of interest to us.

Hypersensitivity of the patient to one or another stimulus is often the cause of a number of skin diseases. This hypersensitivity is inherited or is the result of artificial preparation of the body (anaphylaxis, sensitization). The latter depends on a number of external factors, mainly the professional activity of the patient, and internal causes (metabolic disorders or infectious diseases), Along with the use of external agents acting directly on the affected focus, general therapy is of great importance, strengthening the body's defenses and helping the latter to overcome the complicated process. Such methods of treatment include protein therapy (injection of milk, turpentine solution, autohemotherapy, etc. d.), which aims to increase the resistance and resistance of the body (Wescragve).

In connection with the latest reform of medical education (shortening the period of study, reducing theory at the expense of practice, betting on early specialization), the role of Institutions for improvement. the number of doctors in the Soviet medical education system is significantly increased compared to the past.

One of the most important tasks of the gigantically developed socialist construction should be the identification and mobilization of all the resources of the country for further acceleration of the pace of industrialization, a comprehensive increase in the production capabilities of industry and agriculture. The control figures of industry and agriculture, scheduled for 1931, require about 2 million additional workers for permanent and temporary work in industry, construction and agriculture. The shortage of labor forces raises the question of the best use of the labor force that is already available in production and many hundreds of thousands of new proletarians who are being drawn into social construction. In this regard, the tasks facing the health care business and the entire mass of health workers are growing gigantic. Protecting the health of the builders of socialism is becoming the most important national economic task.

April 22, 1915, the day of the first gas balloon attack, can be considered a date not only in the history of military affairs, but also in medicine. On this day, the means of military equipment turned out to be largely untenable. The achieved balance between the means of attack and the means of defense, the powerful achievements of military engineering structures designed to resist the destructive power of the energy of elastic gases of explosives-turned out to be violated, as if bypassed. Moreover, these deep structures, usually located below the level of the earth's surface, could not be better impressed by the new combat weapons-chemical weapons. Due to the physical properties of the new order, it was these fortifications-lowlands, hollows, trenches, ravines - that turned out to be the most vulnerable object of exposure to toxic substances. On the same day, the means of medical care also proved to be untenable. The last word of military medicine-rich equipment and tools and an individual package-could not cope with the new demands presented by life. The distraught tens of thousands of people who turned to the legal authority-the doctor-for help could not get it because of complete surprise, unpreparedness and ignorance of the essence of suffering.

The autonomic nervous system continues to be an area insufficiently familiar to the general medical masses, and therefore it is advisable to conduct periodic reviews of clinical data on the activity of vegetative medicine and the constant evolution of these data. At the present stage of our knowledge, the clinical material about veget. n. s. represents a large mass of facts, only part of which has been subjected to systematic analysis and generalization. Among them there are a number of data that need extensive medical study.

Priv.-assoc. M. I. IogixeS. Neuroses in childhood. 164 countries. Moscow-Leningrad. Ts. 1 p. 25 k.
This essay was conceived by M. I. Iogixesomas a description of nervousness in children, which is now so often told to us by parents and teachers, and which is increasingly becoming the subject of public attention; the author intended to limit himself only to the phenomena in the form as he presented it to his listeners, with the display of individual types and clinical maps, indicating the causes of nervousness and a therapeutic and pedagogical approach to it. In essence, this is the main thing; for from the understanding of the nervous character of the child comes the understanding of the infinitely diverse symptoms and forms of the identification of nervousness in accordance with the characteristics and general structure of this character. Ultimately, such manifestations include not only the usual and well-known agitation, increased affectivity, lack of normal mental alignment, but also more complex symptom complexes, such as phobias, certain transient psychoses, speech disorders, tic, etc., as well as a number of disorders from the internal organs. These symptom complexes, less everyday and more sharply defined, are usually, however, considered separately and stand out in a particular group of neuroses; there is nothing to say about hysteria. For M. I. Iogixes a, all this is the same nervousness, the same neurosis, only varying depending on the constitutional features of the organism and on the influences of the environment, upbringing and other factors. "There are no psychoneuroses, there is only one psychoneurosis" - these are the words of the largest psychologist of our time, Klage s'a, and one cannot disagree with him, especially with regard to the child.

Calmette. Tuberculosis virus, prebacillary granules and bacillosis (Pr. med. 1930, No. 23). The discovery by Fontés (1910) of invisible filterable virulent elements in tuberque. This was disputed and ignored until 1923 . Since that time and after the work of Vandremer Calmette, he has undertaken a number of experimental works, as a result of which he proposed the term tuberculosis ultravirus, the presence of invisible virulent filterable elements in organs, pus, sputum, blood, urine, milk, in the pleurisy. gray-fib-rin. effusions and also in young cultures of Koch bacilli; the passage of these elements through the placenta, infection and intoxication of newborns with these filtered elements, which were hardly cultivated only on vitamin-rich media, and gave in these cultures a toxin very active and labile, from tuberculins; the action of this toxin should be attributed to "unexplained deaths" and progressive emaciation, so frequent in the first weeks after childbirth in children from tubal mothers.

Clinical study of rheumatic diseases of the heart. A. V. A. Schwartze (Journal of America. med. associât., 94, №,12, 1930) cites the results of examinations of 58 cases of heart disease; 40 of them are under 16 years old, 12 are between 16 and 35, 6 are over 35 years old.

Lila M. Bonner reports (Journ. Améric. med. associât. 94, No. 14, 1930) about 6 cases of primary lung cancer verified by autopsy

Schuberth and Konstantin elaborate (Deut. med. Watch. 1930, 32, S. 1349) on the action of dikodidi and when ill. breathe. tract.

Chronic-inflammatory tumors of the colon (so called. diverticulitis). Dr. A. Wunderlich (Zentralblatt f. Chir. 1931. No. 4), - indicates the frequency of diverticular formation, and accordingly the frequency of diverticulitis of the intestinal canal, especially in the colon.

On the treatment of fractures of the tibial head. Prof. Max Käppis (Zentralblat f. Chirurgie. 1931. No. 4)—based on his practice, he comes to the conclusion that every fracture of the tibia should be treated in a way suitable for this form of fracture, but, if possible, not in a shelter way.

Of the 17 thrombophlebitis of otogenic origin, observed I. Wellbasek (Otolaryngologia Slavica, 1930, S. 353), 3 belonged to the primary thrombosis of v. mastoideae. A 34-year-old woman was operated on at 3 weeks after the onset of acute otitis media due to developed mastoiditis.

A rare case of septic laryngeal hemorrhage with fatal outcome is described by Zimmermann (Münch, med. Watch. 1930, № 32). Ironically.- a road worker, 45 years old, was wounded in the index finger of his left hand; about a month later, the finger was pulled out after a feverish condition due to bronchitis, which, according to doctors, had joined. 24 days after exarticulation, he was discharged with a granulating wound and a good condition in the lungs" After 3 weeks, the patient was admitted to hospital treatment for a second time due to existing lymphadenitis and lymphangitis of the left shoulder and forearm. Tomorrow, the patient felt very bad during defecation, difficulty breathing, cyanotic skin color, pulse is frequent and weak, death in 5 minutes. At the autopsy, it turned out that there were two hematomas under the true vocal cords, almost filling the lumen of the larynx.

Nogarni (Klin. Monat, f. Aug. 1931, Bd. 86 März) during the bacteriological examination of pieces of trachomatous tissue isolated a pure culture of microorganisms, in his opinion similar to those that O with h i obtained histologically.

Meeting on January 9, 1931
1. Prof. P. M. Krasin. The "Caesarean section" for purulent peritonitis found it possible to perform the procedure during a 5-month pregnancy to remove the dead fetus. The outcome is favorable (demonstration of the patient). Debate'. I. K. Sluckovskiy and B. V. Ogne V.

I. Prof. A. I Xrockiy. On the rational method of treating diphtheria. The main provisions of the report are as follows: the serum should be administered in such quantities as not only to weaken the symptoms of D., but also to completely destroy them. If there is no doubt that the antitoxin cannot restore the elements of the body that have already been destroyed by the time the serum is administered, then, on the other hand, in each individual case we cannot know whether the symptoms depend (hyperemia and swelling of the throat, hoarseness of the voice, the phenomena of cardiac degeneration, etc. P.) from irreversible changes caused by the toxin, or they indicate a continuing poisoning of the body with toxins. Therefore, serotherapy should be carried out as follows: upon admission of a patient with manifestations (at least mild) of D. he should be immediately injected with a sufficient dose of antitoxin (at least 10 thousand units), if the next day he has more symptoms of D. (raids, swelling, sweat, inflammatory glands, etc.), 10 thousand are injected again (in more severe cases, 20 thousand in the morning and evening). In severe cases, it is necessary to inject up to 140-160 tons or more for the entire duration of treatment. In no case should the administration of serum be stopped only when the condition improves, it should be administered daily until all symptoms disappear. Of the 248 cases of D. cited by the speaker (102 of them of moderate severity and 59 severe, among them 18 of croup), 3 died, and in 2 of them the above-described principle of treatment was violated. Mortality when using the method of treatment indicated by the speaker-calculated by him, the serum should be of a sufficiently high titer (1000-1500 t. units in 1 kb. see).