Vol 75, No 3 (1994)

The toxicity, anticholinesterase activity and antagonism with anticholinesterase substances of different phosphoroorganic compounds are studied. The antagonism of these drugs with anticholinesterase substances is connected with their capacity to interact reversibly with active surface of cholinesterase and to protect thic enzyme against inhibition, to show anticonvulsive activity, to -suppress liver monooxygenase system function. One of the representatives of the series — dimephosphone — has potentiated the antidote effects on atropine M-cholinoblockator and diperoxime cholinesterase reactivator and has normalized some disturbed functions of animals’ organism in the course of application after intoxication by an- ticholineterase substances.

The pathes of injection of the bacterial ribonuclease from Bacillus intermedins spore bacteria into the organism as an antiviral agent are experimentally well-founded

The involvement of neurogenic regulator peptides, motoneurons synthesized in perikaryon and transfered to the muscle by axonal transport (chemical trophic factors) as well as processes combined by the term «nervous impulsation» in neurotrophic control of functional properties of the membrane of muscular fibers is shown

The correlation of our results and well- known experimental data with theoretical conceptions of molecular mechanisms of the initiation of external coagulant blood system is perfomed.

The concept of thromboplastinemia as an initial factor of phisiologic and pathologic intravascular activation of hemostasis system is fully validated. It is stated that tissue thromboplastin comprises «the fragments» of cell membranes where 5'-nucleotidase is the marker enzyme. The increase of this enzyme activity is indirect evidence of the presence of tissue thromboplastin in vascular bed, that is bears witness to thromboplastinemia. Experimentally and in clinic the direct correlation is established between the activity increase of 5'-nucleotidase and the extent of hypercoagu- lemia, proving the presence of relationship between thromboplastinemia and intravascular blood coagulation.

The possibilities of the use of phagocyte — dependent reactions in general clinical diegno- sis in the determination of m.edical tactics and control of health reserves are analyzed. The methods of functional estimate of phagocytosis which may be used for practical tasks are recommended. The prospects for the study of phogocytic mechanisms in the development of immunodeficient, allergic states, chronic inflammatory diseases are shown.

The dynamics of morphofunctional state disorders of stellate reticuloendotheliocytes of the liver is studied using models of traumatic and burn shock in rats. The course of shock process is accompanied by progressive supression of the phagocytic function of RES and destructive changes of hepatic macrophages. An intimate connection between the disfunction of RES of the liver, intraorgan blood flow disorder, plasma fibronectine concentration change and hemocoagulative disorders U revealed. The important role of the functional activity of mononuclear phagacytes system in shock pathogenesis is supported in experiments with artificial stimulation and blockade of RES.

The dynamic observation and roentgenoen- doscopic examinations are of importance in the diagnosis of postoperative comissural ileus. The decompression and prolonged intubation of intestine are obligatory in relaparotomy. The intensive therapy, all kinds of intestine stimulation including ultraviolet laser blood photomodification are necessary in the early period after relaparotomy.

The experience of the treatment of patients with urolithiasis by means of extracorporeal piezoelectric lithotripsy using the equipment of the «Wolf» firm — the «Piezolith-2300» and «Piezolith-2500-10» apparatuses is generalized.

The changes of organism functions of adapted nature as well as disturbance in feverish reaction are extended to the lymphatic system — its resorptional, transport and bar- rier-and-filtration functions. 

As many as 570 cancerous tumors of different localization and 147 metastases in liver are studied using morphohistochemical stereometric methods. The morphogenesis of stroma and formation of secondary nodes of cancerous tumors repeat on the whole the peculiarities of initial tumors structure, supporting the experimentally found capacity of cancerous cells to cause stromainduction and angiogenesis in the process of tumor growth.

The problems existing in the healthcare sector are most noticeably manifested when considering the transition of the republic to a system of compulsory medical insurance, since the very idea of such a reform arose when searching for ways out of the domestic healthcare system from a severe and continuously worsening crisis that could lead to serious social consequences. In accordance with the general concept, compulsory health insurance should provide:

The problems of birth rate, abortion rate, complications of pregnancy and birth, perinatal and infant death rate, sickness rate of children in families with various factors of social risk: bad economic and living conditions, bad habits, unfavourable conditions of work, young age of parents, incomplete large families are considered.

To close the flaw in the musculoskeletal system, the Dutchman Nehren used an animal bone back in 1668, thereby opening one of the most interesting chapters of reconstructive surgery. The use of one's own bone for this purpose is associated with the names of Mckiven, Lexer, Albi, and already in the XVII century, its transplantation brought up to 50% successful outcomes. However, only in the 40s of the XX century, bone transplantation began to be performed more widely, tissue banks appeared, and immunologists began to study the antigenic properties of bone, which should have further expanded the possibilities of reconstructive surgery.

The relevance of studying the problems of occupational health and occupational diseases is determined by the development of scientific and technological progress and an increase in labor productivity associated with the widespread spread of computer technologies.

Out of workers of industrial enterprises working in conditions of the effect of industrial physical factors (noise, vibration, electromagnetic fields of SHF-range, sensor deprivation) the independent group of psychical disorders is chosen, their relative specificity is stated.

In August 1919, I came to Kazan from the wilderness of the Penza province (b. Chembarsky district, now Belinsky district of the Penza region, 50 km from the railway station), because in the spring of that year I applied to Kazan University with a request to enroll me in the mathematical department of physics. For admission to students, it was enough to submit documents on graduation from a secondary educational institution (gymnasium, real school). Not finding myself among those accepted for physical education, I began to look through other lists and to my surprise found myself among those who entered the medical faculty. Turning to the Secretary for Student Affairs (Muravtsev), he received in response: "Next time you will write more legibly." The secretary refused to include me in the list of those enrolled in physical education and said: "You will re-enroll next year." There were no funds for the return trip, nor did I see any sense in it. Having taken a job as a clerk-accountant in the mechanical sub-department of the Road Department of the Kazan Committee of State Structures (Komgosoor), I diligently began to attend lectures both at the physics department and at the medical faculty. In early December, he was mobilized and served as a Red Army soldier in the 5th reserve regiment in the October Barracks of Kazan (student battalion). In 1920, I was seconded to fight the epidemic of typhus, smallpox, cholera and other infections in Yelabuga, Krasnokokshaysky (now Mari El), Menze-liiskiy and other cantons of the Kazan province. At the same time I worked as an employee of the newspaper "Banner of the Revolution", where at that time the editor was V. Bakhmetyev. In the autumn of 1920, together with other students, on the basis of a resolution of the Council of Labor and Defense (SRT), I was reinstated in the 1st year of the medical faculty of KSU.

In 1992, the 100th anniversary of the use of the U-shaped anastomosis in abdominal surgery was celebrated. Swiss surgeon Caesar Roux proposed to apply a U-shaped gastroenteroanastomosis (GEA) on a disconnected loop of the jejunum with an end-to-side interstitial anastomosis for the treatment of organic pyloric stenosis. The need for this was dictated by severe complications in the form of adductor loop syndrome, "vicious circle" and reflux gastritis observed in other variants of gastroenterotomy. However, this operation, like GIA in general, was abandoned in the next decade due to the high incidence of peptic ulcers of the mouth.

It is possible to obtain the microhomogeno- us composite electrochemical coatings with necessary properties by variation of electrolyte composition and electrolysis conditions. The proposition of adsorptional stimulation of coprecipitation of dispersed particles with electrodeposited metal and the match between the cathode surface microlief and the dimensions of coprecipitated particles is proposed. The use of periodic current regimes allows to control this phenomenon. Based on the suggested propositions the coating application processes are developed allowing to increase the working capacity of the products wearing out by a factor of 1,5—2.

A doctor brought up in the traditions of the Pavlovian school is inclined to consider all physiological manifestations of the human body subordinate to the regulatory influences of the nervous system. At the same time, they completely ignore the fact that both in ontogenesis and in phylogeny, the nervous system appears quite late and that up to this point other regulatory mechanisms operate quite effectively in the body, precisely determining the interaction of various tissues and rudiments of organs with each other. These mechanisms are associated with direct, not yet mediated by the nervous system, energy-informational interactions of organs and tissues. It is believed that with the emergence of the nervous system, the former mechanisms of regulation fade into the background, manifesting themselves only in special phenomena that are difficult to explain from the standpoint of pure nervism. Such phenomena include acupuncture.

There are events in the annals of Russian higher medical education that will not be lost in the darkness of the past. Russian doctors will always remember and celebrate them. One of such dates is May 14 (May 1, old style), 1814, the opening day of the Medical Faculty of Kazan University.