Vol 23, No 8 (1927)

In the fall of 1924, at the suggestion of Prof. N.A. Mislavsky, I began an experimental study of the interaction of some hormones and extracts from endocrine glands. We wanted to find out: 1) whether a synergistic hormone, taken in inactivated concentration, is able to increase the action of another synergistic hormone, if a frog heart muscle strip or its heart in toto is exposed to a sequential action of both these hormones, 2) how hormone mixtures and different extracts from endocrine glands affect a frog heart muscle strip.

Based on the study of the physicochemical composition of the tbc virus, we can already assume a priori that the organism does not remain indifferent to one of the main chemical ingredients of the tbc bacillus. Moreover, the first reaction of the organism infected with tbc must be directed exactly against fat-lipoids, because, due to the aforementioned morphology of the tbc pathogen, the first thing the organism encounters is its fat-lipoid part.

The problem of pain-free surgery is not yet completely solved, especially with regard to complete safety, the simplicity of the technique and the absence of interference by those performing anesthesia on the operator. It is therefore natural that every new proposal in the field of anesthesia is of great interest to surgeons. We surgeons in the deep provinces are especially sensitive in this respect: the lack of appropriately qualified assistants, the insecurity of anaesthetica, sometimes the lack of them, the closer connection of the local surgeon with the local patients - make this sensitivity quite understandable.

In spite of the fact that in recent years in our medical press began to appear reports on the beneficial effect of neosalvarsan in anthrax, this question is still insufficiently developed and requires further observations and reports. This question, it seems to me, should interest equally representatives of different medical disciplines, as anthrax until very recently has not been conclusively referred to one or another area of medicine, being thus one of the so-called borderline diseases.

It has long been believed that violent rupture of the umbilical cord (UCR) and its accompanying phenomena is one of the evidence in forensic medical trials. Therefore, every case of spontaneous rupture of the umbilical cord, which occurred outside of judicial relations, especially in the prone position of the woman in labor, deserves to be studied. Casuistry of this kind is not rich.

It will be more expedient to focus all attention on the issue of creation of an artificial bladder with an independent sphincter and put the resolution of this issue as the next task of modern operative gynecology In order to resolve this issue, the most valuable achievements of the last three decades in the formation of an artificial vagina from large and small intestines must be considered. 

From the point of view of social and the possibility of spreading the infection, it is often necessary for venereologists to decide whether or not the patient's manifestations of the disease have disappeared, and whether he is no longer dangerous in the sense of infecting others. We will not dwell on the pathological and anatomical changes which develop in the urethra and in the glands adjacent to it, and which often lead to serious consequences; it is important to establish the point at which, according to Fronstein, "the repeated use of all the methods of investigation at our disposal cannot prove the presence of gonocococci in the body, nor can they be found even after a more or less long period of the usual life of the patient".

The problem of glaucoma has, for many reasons, occupied and continues to occupy a prominent place in the ophthalmic press. It is enough to recall that 19% of all blind people owe their misfortune to glaucoma to understand why interest in this affliction has never faded among ophthalmologists. Furthermore, no ophthalmologist is quite sure that a certain method of treatment, even if the patient has timely applied for medical attention, can definitely prevent a sad outcome in every single case. This plus the absence of a unified and correct view of the essence of glaucoma keeps ophthalmologists in a constant state of flux, constantly striving to uncover the hidden springs of the disease process on the one hand, and to find a more radical means to combat it on the other.

The author, together with В. Schröder, divides cancers into 6 groups: 1) immature cancers, 2) cancers with a tendency to form glands, 3; pronounced adenocarcinomas, 4) moderately mature cancers with a tendency to form squamous epithelium. 5) cancers with a clear tendency to form squamous epithelium and 6) squamous cell carcinomas with keratinization.

The author cites a case where, after a blood transfusion from a donor suffering from malaria, a patient suffered several typical attacks, the latter with plasmodia found in her blood.

The author notes that shortly before the onset of regurgitation in tbc patients: there is a deterioration of auscultatory and percussive picture, as well as a slight increase in temperature. More significant increases in t° before and during regulae indicate the activity of the process in the lungs. High fever at the end of menses or shortly after their appearance is particularly serious.

Based on experimental studies and 52 cases of successful use in human surgeries, the author considers malachite green to be a powerful bactericidal agent that kills all microorganisms in a 1% aqueous solution in the raw sale catgut.

Headaches after lumbar anesthesia are known to occur almost always, being one of its most unpleasant companions. Vidliska considers the best remedy for these pains to be the use of salicylic preparations in general and acylpyrine.

The author believes that in the case of gallstones, early surgical intervention in the Enderlen-Hotz sense (i.e. before 40 years of age), especially during the interval between attacks, is all the more advisable, because the danger of surgery during an attack (with fever or jaundice) increases significantly with age. On the contrary, being performed during a pause, the operation becomes only slightly more dangerous with age (up to the age of 60 the mortality rate is 1-2, later - 4 to 5).

According to M.V. Raskin, noma is not an absolutely fatal affliction - different authors have observed cases of recovery from this disease with different methods of treatment. We still do not have, however, a quite correct and reliable treatment for noma, and in particular the results of surgical treatment do not give it an advantage over other methods.

On the basis of the material from 16 cases, the author finds that a piece of bone or fat transplant can be used to close lobular salivary fistulas of gl. parotis, localized most often behind the ascending branch of the lower jaw.

On the basis of clinical observations the author considers it possible to talk about menotoxin, i.e. those products of metabolism that accumulate during a month in a woman's body and must be excreted with menstrual blood. In this sense, menstruation is really a process of "purification" of the body, and accumulation of menotoxins leads to the development of menstrual toxicosis, a kind of "general dysmenorrhea".

The author made the observation that light, even pressure with a finger for several seconds on the anterior surface of the pregnant uterus, especially in its lateral parts, leaves a pit that does not disappear for a long time. The depth of this pit varies depending on the consistency of the uterus and in very soft consistency can reach 1 centimeter or more.

The author studied the autonomic nervous system in 15 laboring women after a normal delivery and in 23 laboring women whose labor was complicated by primary weakness of uterine contractions and had to be terminated artificially.

The author draws attention to a number of complications that may arise in connection with the Criedé method. If the placenta is attached to the anterior wall of the uterus and has not yet fully detached, strong thumb pressure on this wall in the Сrédé method can disrupt the normal separation mechanism and cause retention of some of the placental tissue.

In order to prevent gynecologic diseases due to postpartum disorders, Miller points out the main points in maternity care. Every woman in labor should be examined at least two months after delivery.

The author recommends weaning morphinists by gradually reducing the dose of morphine over a week.

On macroscopic and microscopic examination of the testicles in 134 cases of dementiae рrаес., the author found in more than 1/2 of the cases, anatomical deviations of these organs from the norm, namely, very small testicles in 60%, insufficiency of spermiogenesis in 1/2 of all cases, reduced number of intermediate cells in 20%, frequent foci of neglected tubes without inflammatory phenomena, etc.

The author believes that metasyphilis develops in two ways: 1) toxic - lack of protection of nerve substance by blood and CSF and 2) direct introduction and reproduction of spirochaetes in the brain. Both pathways are caused by insufficient defensive power of the infected organism in the secondary stage.

Having applied this reaction in a number of cases (46) of progressive paralysis, brain syphilis, spinal tapeworm and other diseases of the central nervous system of syphilitic origin, B.I. Serafimov obtained positive results from it in all these cases, - the same as from RW.

The author points out that at present the best way to treat syphilis is to combine specific therapy with nonspecific therapy in the form of the Wagner-Juregg malaria-salvage course; this is especially recommended in the seropositive and liquor-positive latent stages of the disease.

The author recognizes the main principle of the nonspecific therapy of metasyphilis as high F on the basis of the fact of the death of Spir. pallida in the hard chancre of a rabbit placed in a thermostat at F 41°, which he first discovered together with Weichbrodt. The way of modern therapy of syphilis, according to this author, lies in chemotherapy, a nonspecific therapy of active immunization.

Studying the question from the point of view of the modern theory of constitutions, the authors studied 118 patients (34 with psoriasis, 13 with sycosis, 37 with gonorrhea and syphilis and 43 with various skin diseases) and the results were classified into the main types given by Kretschmer, In 15 per cent of the cases we found normal type, in 20 per cent - asthenic, in 18 per cent - athletic, in 12 per cent - pyknic, in 11 per cent - dysplastic and in 22 per cent - mixed.

Applying this method of treatment to 200 cases of skin diseases, 116 of which have been followed for quite a long time, in acne vulg. without infiltrates the author obtained success in the great majority of cases, after 1-6 sessions: conversely, cases with developed infiltrates did not yield any results.

The author states that diathermy leads to the elimination of bacteria in urinary tract infections. The disappearance of bacteria is not due to the direct effect of the heat, since heat-resistant bacteria are also destroyed, but due to diathermy-induced leukocytosis, which enhances the elimination of bacteria.

The author fervently recommends for this purpose injections of strong (1% to 3%, depending on the sensitivity of the patient) solutions of lapis, in an amount of 10 cc, into the posterior part of the urethra. Before injection, the bladder is flushed with borax solution or distilled water until the flushing fluid is completely clear when it flows out of the bladder.

The statistics of Prof. Volkovich before 1911 recorded 128 cases of rhinoscleroma with main foci in Kiev and Minsk provinces in Russia. Dr. Kordatova's statistics from 1911 to 1926 collected 150 cases of scleroma with main foci in Kiev, Minsk and Moscow provinces.

The question of the effect of H₂S on the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and the hearing organ is currently not yet sufficiently developed. Observations of Dr. Mogilnitsky on patients with sulfur baths suggest that H₂S acts directly on the mucosa of the upper airways, causing its hyperaemia, increased secretion and reduction of atrophic phenomena; long-term action of H₂S, on the contrary, increases atrophic phenomena.

Over the last decade the methodology, technique and volume of electrotherapy have developed extremely strongly and have grown into an independent, large and interesting branch of physiotherapy. Electrotherapy, which previously was exclusively in the hands of neurologists, and the manuals authored by the same neurologists referred only to galvanization and pharadization of peripheral nerves, passed from the offices and clinics of neurologists into the hands of physiotherapists and into special physiotherapy institutions. This growth of electrotherapy is entirely reflected in the book by Coorschik, who runs a large physiotherapy institute in Vienna and is a solid authority on electrotherapy.

Session 17/V.
Dr. N. A. Kramov: Sputum cytology and its diagnostic value (abstract not delivered).

Prof. A. F. Samoilov and M. A. Kiselev: Electrophysiology of the rigid muscle. The speakers performed experiments on cats decerebrated according to Sherrington's method, with photographic recordings of mechanograms of both hind limbs and current: action of one of the two m. quadr. femoris. Studying the properties of the rigid muscle, they found that during the "lengthening reaction" there was an increase in the amplitude and number of action currents, whereas during the "shortening reaction" they decreased or even dropped out completely.

At present the following departments are vacant at the Medical Faculty of Kazan University: physiological chemistry, general pathology, surgical pathology, social hygiene and forensic medicine.
Professor of the vacant chair of skin and venereal diseases in Kazan University is approved M. S. Pilnov.
Tatnarkomzdrav has initiated a petition for the conversion of the Tuberculosis Dispensary into a research institute devoted to the study of tbc.